Parenteral lipid emulsions induce unique ileal fatty acid and metabolomic profiles but do not increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm pigs

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a manifestation of maladaptive intestinal responses in preterm infants centrally medicated by unattenuated inflammation. Early in the postnatal period, preterm infants develop a deficit in arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acid, both potent regulators of inflammation. We hypothesized that the fatty acid composition of parenteral lipid emulsions uniquely induces blood and intestinal fatty acid profiles which, in turn, modifies the risk of NEC development. Methods: 42 preterm pigs were randomized to receive one of three lipid emulsions containing 100% soybean oil (SO), 15% fish oil (MO15), or 100% fish oil (FO100) with enteral feedings over an 8-day protocol. Blood and distal ileum tissue were collected for fatty acid analysis. The distal ileum underwent histologic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses. Results: Eight pigs (3/14 SO (21 %), 3/14 MO15 (21%), and 2/14 FO100 (14%)) developed NEC. No differences in NEC risk were evident between groups despite differences in induced fatty acid profiles in blood and ileal tissue. Metabolomic analysis of NEC vs no NEC tissue revealed differences in tryptophan metabolism and arachidonic acid-containing glycerophospholipids. Proteomic analysis demonstrated no differences by lipid group; however, 15 proteins differentiated NEC vs no NEC in the domains of tissue injury, glucose uptake and chemokine signaling. Conclusions: Exposure to parenteral lipid emulsions induces unique intestinal fatty acid and metabolomic profiles, however, these profiles are not linked to a difference in NEC development. Metabolomic and proteomic analyses of NEC vs no NEC intestinal tissue provide mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of NEC in preterm infants.

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Parenteral Fish-Oil Containing Lipid Emulsions Limit Initial Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Host Immune Responses in Preterm Pigs

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13010205 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 205

Author(s):

William Yakah ◽

David Ramiro-Cortijo ◽

Pratibha Singh ◽

Joanne Brown ◽

Barbara Stoll ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Soybean Oil ◽

Inflammatory Responses ◽

Postnatal Period ◽

Lipid Emulsions ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Oil Emulsion ◽

Mixed Oil ◽

The Impact

Multicomponent lipid emulsions are available for critical care of preterm infants. We sought to determine the impact of different lipid emulsions on early priming of the host and its response to an acute stimulus. Pigs delivered 7d preterm (n = 59) were randomized to receive different lipid emulsions for 11 days: 100% soybean oil (SO), mixed oil emulsion (SO, medium chain olive oil and fish oil) including 15% fish oil (MO15), or 100% fish oil (FO100). On day 11, pigs received an 8-h continuous intravenous infusion of either lipopolysaccharide (LPS—lyophilized Escherichia coli) or saline. Plasma was collected for fatty acid, oxylipin, metabolomic, and cytokine analyses. At day 11, plasma omega-3 fatty acid levels in the FO100 groups showed the highest increase in eicosapentaenoic acid, EPA (0.1 ± 0.0 to 9.7 ± 1.9, p < 0.001), docosahexaenoic acid, DHA (day 0 = 2.5 ± 0.7 to 13.6 ± 2.9, p < 0.001), EPA and DHA-derived oxylipins, and sphingomyelin metabolites. In the SO group, levels of cytokine IL1β increased at the first hour of LPS infusion (296.6 ± 308 pg/mL) but was undetectable in MO15, FO100, or in the animals receiving saline instead of LPS. Pigs in the SO group showed a significant increase in arachidonic acid (AA)-derived prostaglandins and thromboxanes in the first hour (p < 0.05). No significant changes in oxylipins were observed with either fish-oil containing group during LPS infusion. Host priming with soybean oil in the early postnatal period preserves a higher AA:DHA ratio and the ability to acutely respond to an external stimulus. In contrast, fish-oil containing lipid emulsions increase DHA, exacerbate a deficit in AA, and limit the initial LPS-induced inflammatory responses in preterm pigs.

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Influence of Human Milk and Parenteral Lipid Emulsions on Serum Fatty Acid Profiles in Extremely Preterm Infants

Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition ◽

10.1002/jpen.1172 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 152-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Anders K. Nilsson ◽

Chatarina Löfqvist ◽

Svetlana Najm ◽

Gunnel Hellgren ◽

Karin Sävman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Human Milk ◽

Preterm Infants ◽

Lipid Emulsions ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Serum Fatty Acid ◽

Extremely Preterm ◽

Extremely Preterm Infants

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PSXI-32 Effects of algae DHA on fatty acid profile of plasma red blood cell membrane and fecal microbiota of adult cats

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa278.569 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽

pp. 319-319

Author(s):

Carrie James ◽

Sandra L Rodriguez-Zas ◽

Maria R C de Godoy

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Blood Cell ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Red Blood Cell ◽

Fecal Microbiota ◽

Fatty Acid Profiles ◽

Male Adult ◽

Poultry Fat ◽

Adult Cats

Abstract There is evidence that algae can be a sustainable alternative of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (w-3 PUFA; DHA and EPA) in the diets of felines, but more information is needed to determine bioavailability of algal w-3 PUFAs in felines. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation of algae DHA on plasma and red blood cell (RBC) membrane fatty acid profiles and fecal microbiota of adult cats. A complete randomized design was utilized with thirty female and male adult cats (mean age: 1.8 ± 0.03 yr, mean BW: 4.5 ± 0.8 kg) which were fed an assigned diet for 90 d. Three diets were formulated with poultry fat alone or inclusion of 2% fish oil or 2% algae DHA meal. Blood samples were collected after fasting on 0, 30, 60 and 90 d to be analyzed for plasma and red blood cell fatty acid profiles. A fresh fecal sample was collected within 15 min of defecation from each cat to be analyzed for fecal microbiota. Illumina 16S rRNA sequencing from V4 region was completed using MiSeq and analyzed using QIIME 2. Plasma and RBC fatty acid concentrations at baseline were similar among all cats and treatment groups. However, dietary treatment had a significant effect on the concentrations of several fatty acids in plasma and RBC over time. Plasma and RBC concentrations of DHA were greater (P < 0.05) for cats fed the algal DHA diet compared to the control and fish oil diets. Conversely, plasma and RBC concentrations of EPA did not differ among treatments when analyzed as a change from baseline. Beta- and alpha-diversity did not differ among treatments, indicating that 2% fish oil or algal-DHA meal does alter fecal microbiota of cats in contrast with cats fed a poultry fat-based diet.

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