Immune and nonimmune components orchestrate the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (5) ◽  
pp. G716-G722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Danese
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Current Role ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathogenesis is driven by the interactions between the innate and the adaptive immune system. Both systems are actually expressed not only by immune cells, but also by essentially all types of nonimmune cells. Nonimmune cells have classically been considered as simple targets of the aberrant inflammatory process occurring in IBD. However, the discovery that many of the functions traditionally attributed to immune cells are also performed by nonimmune cells has caused a shift to a multidirectional hypothesis in which nonimmune cells and even acellular elements are considered active players of IBD pathogenesis. The aim of this review is to summarize the current role played by each cell type in IBD pathogenesis.

scholarly journals The Innate and Adaptive Immune System as Targets for Biologic Therapies in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grainne Holleran ◽  
Loris Lopetuso ◽  
Valentina Petito ◽  
Cristina Graziani ◽  
Gianluca Ianiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Biologic Therapies ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

scholarly journals Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Potential Result from the Collusion between Gut Microbiota and Mucosal Immune System

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei Yue ◽  
Xiaoping Luo ◽  
Zhilun Yu ◽  
Sridhar Mani ◽  
Zhengtao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Mucosal Immune System ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
And Control ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Host health depends on the intestinal homeostasis between the innate/adaptive immune system and the microbiome. Numerous studies suggest that gut microbiota are constantly monitored by the host mucosal immune system, and any slight disturbance in the microbial communities may contribute to intestinal immune disruption and increased susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic relapsing inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, maintaining intestinal immune homeostasis between microbiota composition and the mucosal immune system is an effective approach to prevent and control IBD. The overall theme of this review is to summarize the research concerning the pathogenesis of IBD, with particular focus on the factors of gut microbiota-mucosal immune interactions in IBD. This is a comprehensive and in-depth report of the crosstalk between gut microbiota and the mucosal immune system in IBD pathogenesis, which may provide insight into the further evaluation of the therapeutic strategies for IBD.

Natural Products: Experimental Efficient Agents for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (46) ◽  
pp. 4893-4913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Cao ◽  
Jie Liu ◽  
Bing-Xian Sha ◽  
Hai-Feng Pan
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Intestinal Epithelia ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Individual

: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, elusive disorder resulting in relapsing inflammation of intestine with incompletely elucidated etiology, whose two representative forms are ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). Accumulating researches have revealed that the individual genetic susceptibility, environmental risk elements, intestinal microbial flora, as well as innate and adaptive immune system are implicated in the pathogenesis and development of IBD. Despite remarkable progression of IBD therapy has been achieved by chemical drugs and biological therapies such as aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, antibiotics, anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, anti-integrin agents, etc., healing outcome still cannot be obtained, along with inevitable side effects. Consequently, a variety of researches have focused on exploring new therapies, and found that natural products (NPs) isolated from herbs or plants may serve as promising therapeutic agents for IBD through antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fibrotic and anti-apoptotic effects, which implicates the modulation on nucleotide- binding domain (NOD) like receptor protein (NLRP) 3 inflammasome, gut microbiota, intestinal microvascular endothelial cells, intestinal epithelia, immune system, etc. In the present review, we will summarize the research development of IBD pathogenesis and current mainstream therapy, as well as the therapeutic potential and intrinsic mechanisms of NPs in IBD.

scholarly journals Adipokine-Modulated Immunological Homeostasis Shapes the Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (24) ◽  
pp. 9564
Author(s):  
Yi-Wen Tsai ◽  
Shin-Huei Fu ◽  
Jia-Ling Dong ◽  
Ming-Wei Chien ◽  
Yu-Wen Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Colon Diseases ◽  
Immunological Homeostasis

Inflammatory colon diseases, which are a global health concern, include a variety of gastrointestinal tract disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. The pathogenesis of these colon disorders involves immune alterations with the pronounced infiltration of innate and adaptive immune cells into the intestines and the augmented expression of mucosal pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulated by commensal microbiota. Epidemiological studies during the past half century have shown that the proportion of obese people in a population is associated with the incidence and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract disorders. The advancement of understanding of the immunological basis of colon disease has shown that adipocyte-derived biologically active substances (adipokines) modulate the role of innate and adaptive immune cells in the progress of intestinal inflammation. The biomedical significance in immunological homeostasis of adipokines, including adiponectin, leptin, apelin and resistin, is clear. In this review, we highlight the existing literature on the effect and contribution of adipokines to the regulation of immunological homeostasis in inflammatory colon diseases and discuss their crucial roles in disease etiology and pathogenesis, as well as the implications of these results for new therapies in these disorders.

scholarly journals Current Topics of the Mechanism of Intestinal Fibrosis in Crohn’s Disease

Immuno ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-582
Author(s):  
Yusuke Honzawa ◽  
Shuji Yamamoto ◽  
Makoto Okabe ◽  
Hiroshi Seno ◽  
Hiroshi Nakase
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Tissue Repair ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Intestinal Fibrosis ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

Intestinal fibrosis is one of the most common intestinal complications observed in inflammatory bowel disease, especially Crohn’s disease (CD). Intestinal fibrosis in CD is associated with chronic inflammation resulting from immunologic abnormalities and occurs as a form of tissue repair during the anti-inflammatory process. Various types of immune cells and mesenchymal cells, including myofibroblasts, are intricately involved in causing intestinal fibrosis. It is often difficult to treat intestinal fibrosis as intestinal stricture may develop despite treatment aimed at controlling inflammation. Detailed analysis of the pathogenesis of intestinal fibrosis is critical towards advancing the development of future therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals Extracellular vesicles produced by the human commensal gut bacterium Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron affect host immune pathways in a cell-type specific manner that are altered in inflammatory bowel disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lejla Gul ◽  
Dezso Modos ◽  
Sonia Fonseca ◽  
Matthew Madgwick ◽  
John P Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Bacteroides Thetaiotaomicron ◽  
Cell Type Specific ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is inhabited by a complex microbial community, which contributes to its homeostasis. Disrupted microbiome can cause GI-related diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, therefore identifying host-microbe interactions is crucial for better understanding gut health. Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs), released into the gut lumen, can cross the mucus layer and access underlying immune cells. To study cross-kingdom communication between BEVs and host, we focused on the influence of BEVs, generated by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (VPI-5482), on host immune cells. Using single-cell RNA sequencing data and host-microbe protein-protein interaction networks, we examined the potential effect of BEVs on dendritic cells, macrophages and monocytes with particular focus on the Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway. We identified biological processes affected in each immune cell type, and also cell-type specific processes (e.g myeloid cell differentiation). The TLR pathway analysis highlighted that BEV targets differ among cells and even between the same cells in healthy versus disease (ulcerative colitis) conditions. Our in silico findings were validated in BEV-monocyte co-cultures demonstrating the requirement for TLR4 in BEV-elicited NF-κB activation. This study demonstrates that both cell-type and health condition influence BEV-host communication. The results and the pipeline can facilitate BEV-based therapy development for the treatment of IBD.

scholarly journals Adipocytes, Innate Immunity and Obesity: A Mini-Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alecia M. Blaszczak ◽  
Anahita Jalilvand ◽  
Willa A. Hsueh
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Innate Immune Cells ◽  
Adaptive Immune

The role of adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in obesity and its multiple related-complications is a rapidly expanding area of scientific interest. Within the last 30 years, the role of the adipocyte as an endocrine and immunologic cell has been progressively established. Like the macrophage, the adipocyte is capable of linking the innate and adaptive immune system through the secretion of adipokines and cytokines; exosome release of lipids, hormones, and microRNAs; and contact interaction with other immune cells. Key innate immune cells in AT include adipocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and innate lymphoid cells type 2 (ILC2s). The role of the innate immune system in promoting adipose tissue inflammation in obesity will be highlighted in this review. T cells and B cells also play important roles in contributing to AT inflammation and are discussed in this series in the chapter on adaptive immunity.

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