Noninvasive measurements of digital arterial pressure and compliance in man

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. H168-H179
Author(s):  
R. Nakayama ◽  
T. Azuma
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Cuff Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Moment

A noninvasive method was developed for measuring the digital arterial pressure and the compliance by using a fingertip pneumoplethysmograph and a pneumatic cuff. The compliance (C) of the digital artery was obtained from the peak amplitude of the volume pulse wave (deltaVp-a) under the effect of the cuff pressure (Po-a) by the equation: C = deltavp-a/(Ps - P-o-a) during the dicrotic phase defined in this study. The normal mean value was 11.37 +/- 0.59 X 10(-5) cm3/mmHg. On lowering of the cuff pressure, the moment when the deltaVp value becomes positive is regarded as the systolic pressure (Ps). At the end of the dicrotic phase, the mean amplitude (deltaVss') of the pulse wave during one pulse cycle (SS') and the ratios (deltaVss'/deltaVsd), where deltaVsd is the mean amplitude of the wave during the systolic period (SD), of successive waves after a particular wave fail to increase at the same rate when the cuff pressure decreased below the diastolic pressure. The cuff pressure corresponding to this particular wave is regarded as the diastolic pressure (Pd). The mean value of the mean digital pressure of normotensive subjects was 80.6 +/- 1.2 mmHg.

INDIRECT ESTIMATION OF SYSTOLIC AND DIASTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE NEWBORN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
Colin H. M. Walker ◽  
Phillip J. West ◽  
Sanford L. Simons ◽  
Anthony R. Whytock
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Arithmetic Mean ◽  
Pressure Monitoring ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
The Mean

An impedance plethysmographic method for measuring systolic and diastolic blood pressures in small infants using standard electro-cardiogram recorders has been studied. The overall 95% confidence limit of the mean of five estimations was found to be ±3.74 mm Hg for the systolic and ±3.72 mm Hg for the diastolic value. Comparing this method with intra-arterial measurements gave correlation coefficients (r) of 0.95 (bias 10.09 mm Hg) for systolic pressure and 0.89 (Bias 10.09 mm Hg) for diastolic pressure. Values for the comparison with auscultation were 0.98 (bias 19.29 mm Hg) systolic and 0.86 (bias 10.17 mm Hg) diastolic, and for the comparison of the arithmetic mean value with the flush method 0.84 (bias 30.17 mm Hg). These results reveal a good correlation with the intra-arterial measurements and indicate that this technique can be used for the periodic or continuous blood pressure monitoring of infants.

scholarly journals Effects of transient intrathoracic pressure changes (hiccups) on systemic arterial pressure

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oommen P. Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Pressure Changes

Mathew, Oommen P. Effects of transient intrathoracic pressure changes (hiccups) on systemic arterial pressure. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(2): 371–375, 1997.—The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of transient changes in intrathoracic pressure on systemic arterial pressure by utilizing hiccups as a tool. Values of systolic and diastolic pressures before, during, and after hiccups were determined in 10 intubated preterm infants. Early-systolic hiccups decreased systolic blood pressure significantly ( P < 0.05) compared with control (39.38 ± 2.72 vs. 46.46 ± 3.41 mmHg) and posthiccups values, whereas no significant change in systolic blood pressure occurred during late-systolic hiccups. Diastolic pressure immediately after the hiccups remained unchanged during both early- and late-systolic hiccups. In contrast, diastolic pressure decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) when hiccups occurred during diastole (both early and late). Systolic pressures of the succeeding cardiac cycle remained unchanged after early-diastolic hiccups, whereas they decreased after late-diastolic hiccups. These results indicate that transient decreases in intrathoracic pressure reduce systemic arterial pressure primarily through an increase in the volume of the thoracic aorta. A reduction in stroke volume appears to contribute to the reduction in systolic pressure.

Regional vascular influences on tail-cuff measurements of drug-induced changes in systolic pressure

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 724-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Bunag ◽  
N. Mueting ◽  
E. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Drug Effects ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Caudal Artery ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Tail Cuff

When drug effects are quantified using the tail-cuff method, changes in systemic arterial pressure are extrapolated from those occurring in the caudal artery. The validity of this extrapolation was tested in anesthetized rats by recording drug-induced changes in phasic arterial pressure simultaneously from catheters inserted into the lower abdominal aorta, carotid, and caudal arteries. Pressor responses to norepinephrine or angiotensin were of equal magnitude at all three sites, but phentolamine reduced systolic pressure in the aorta or caudal artery more than that in the carotid artery. Unlike previous discrepancies between carotid and tail-cuff systolic pressures, aortic hypotension caused by injections of phentolamine or pentolinium in awake normotensive or spontaneously hypertensive rats was accurately predicted by the tail-cuff method. Because drug-induced changes in diastolic pressure always varied much less than those in systolic pressure, should indirect measurement of diastolic pressure become technically feasible, it might be preferable for assessing drug effects on blood pressure.

Effects of left atrial pressure on the pulmonary vascular response to hypoxic ventilation

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1991-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Gu ◽  
J. Ducas ◽  
U. Schick ◽  
R. M. Prewitt
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Atrial Pressure ◽  
Left Atrial Pressure ◽  
Vascular Response ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Mean

We investigated the effects of hypoxic ventilation on the pulmonary arterial pressure- (P) flow (Q) relationship in an intact canine preparation. Mean pulmonary P-Q coordinates were obtained during hypoxic ventilation and during ventilation with 100% O2 at normal and at increased left atrial pressure. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that, over a wide range, changes in left atrial pressure would alter the effects of hypoxic ventilation on pulmonary P-Q characteristics. Seven dogs were studied. When left atrial pressure was normal (5 mmHg), the mean value of the extrapolated intercept (PI) of the linear P-Q relationship was 10.9 mmHg and the slope (incremental vascular resistance, IR) of the P-Q relationship was 2.2 mmHg.l-1.min. Hypoxic ventilation increased PI to 18 mmHg (P less than 0.01) but did not affect IR. Subsequently, during ventilation with 100% O2, when left atrial pressure was increased to 14 mmHg by inflation of left atrial balloon, PI increased to 18 mmHg. IR was 1.6 mmHg.l-1.min. Again, hypoxic ventilation caused an isolated change in PI. Hypoxia increased PI from 18 to 28 mmHg (P less than 0.01). As in the condition of normal left atrial pressure, hypoxic ventilation did not affect IR. We conclude that, in an anesthetized intact canine preparation, hypoxic ventilation causes an isolated increase in the extrapolated pressure intercept of the pulmonary P-Q relationship. Furthermore the effects of hypoxic ventilation on pulmonary P-Q characteristics are not affected by the resting left atrial pressure.

Cardiopulmonary support during electrophysiological procedures for ventricular tachycardias not haemodynamically tolerated

Perfusion ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Zanobini ◽  
Fabiana Rossi ◽  
Antonella Bertera ◽  
Stefania Sandano ◽  
Cristina Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Support ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Electrophysiological Procedures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Cycle ◽  
Ventricular Tachycardias ◽  
The University ◽  
Support Time

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous cardiopulmonary support (CPS) for circulatory assistance during electrophysiological endocavitary procedures for ventricular tachycardia (VT) in high-risk patients. From January to June 1999, eight patients with VT not haemodynamically tolerated, underwent an electrophysiological mapping and ablation while supported with percutaneous CPS in the cardiac surgery service of the University of Milan. The CPS system allowed for the maintenance of an arterial pressure of 60-70 mmHg during the tachycardia episodes. CPS was used for 10-20 min periods to restore haemodynamic stability. With the haemodynamic support of CPS, it was possible to target and induce 21 VTs, with a mean cycle of 325 ms. The mean support time was 140 min (120 - 160 min). Stabilization of the arterial pressure at a mean value of 65 mmHg (55 - 85 mHg) was achieved over a mean period of 26 seconds. Oxygen saturation remained over 90% throughout the support for all patients, with no blood gas or electrolyte abnormalities. No CPB-related complications were observed. In conclusion, percutaneous CPS guarantees effective haemodynamic support during mapping and ablation of VTs not haemodynamically tolerated, with no complications related to the extracorporeal circulation or the cannulation.

Indirect Arterial Blood Pressure Measurement in Nonsedated Irish Wolfhounds: Reference Values for the Breed

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Bright ◽  
Mariellen Dentino
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Arterial Blood

Arterial blood pressure measurements were obtained from 158 healthy Irish wolfhounds using the oscillometric technique to establish reference values for the breed. In contrast to other sight hounds, Irish wolfhounds have low arterial blood pressure. Mean systolic pressure for the group was 116.0 mm Hg. Mean diastolic pressure was 69.2 mm Hg, and the mean value for mean arterial pressure was 87.8 mm Hg. Blood pressure measurements were higher in older wolfhounds than in young dogs. There was no difference between systolic and mean arterial blood pressures in lateral recumbency compared to standing position. However, diastolic pressure was slightly lower when standing. Calm dogs had lower pressure than anxious wolfhounds. There was a significant interaction between the effects of age, gender, and mood on systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure values.

scholarly journals Variation in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, augmentation pressure and augmentation index during different phases of menstrual cycle

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nudrath Kahkashan ◽  
Mehnaaz Sameera Arifuddin ◽  
Mohammed Abdul Hannan Hazari ◽  
Safia Sultana ◽  
Farah Fatima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Pulse Wave Velocity ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Pulse Wave ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Augmentation Pressure

Physiological variation of estrogen and progesterone during menstrual cycle is well known. They not only have an effect on blood pressure control, but also seem to have a role in regulating arterial compliance. This study was done to find out whether there are any changes in central arterial parameters during different phases of menstrual cycle. Thirty female subjects in the age group of 18-22 years with normal, regular menstrual cycles participated in this prospective observational study at our teaching hospital. Anthropometric parameters were recorded. Blood pressure in all 4 limbs was recorded using cardiovascular risk analyzer-Periscope™ on Day 3rd to 5th (follicular phase), Day 12th to 14th (ovulation phase), Day 22nd to 24th (luteal phase) of their menstrual cycle. We collected blood samples during these three phases for estimation of estradiol and progesterone by ELISA technique. Analysis of variance and correlation statistics were done using SPSS 17.0 statistical software. No significant statistical changes were observed in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, aortic systolic pressure, aortic diastolic pressure, aortic augmentation pressure, aortic index and pulse wave velocity during the three recorded phases of the menstrual cycle. There are many studies which correlate changes in peripheral artery blood pressure with different phases of menstrual cycle. But there is scarcity in data available which correlates central arterial pressures and arterial stiffness with natural hormonal variations in different phases of menstrual cycle. However, our results show that although there are subtle changes in blood pressure parameters along with estrogen and progesterone levels throughout the menstrual cycle, yet these were not statistically significant.

scholarly journals Mean Blood Pressure and Velocity for Calculation of Ventricular Systolic Work

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-28
Author(s):  
Milan Valach
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Weighted Average ◽  
Average Pressure ◽  
Mean Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Ejection Phase

In physiology, the mean arterial pressure is defined as an average pressure during one or several cardiac cycles. When calculus is not used, the mean pressure is approximately calculated as the diastolic pressure plus one third of the pulse pressure. In this article it is demonstrated that, when ventricular systolic work is concerned, the above definition of mean pressure must be replaced by a weighted average during the ejection phase of the systole. This gives a formula, by which a much higher estimate of the mean pressure is obtained.

scholarly journals Comparison of Haemodynamic Response to Intubation with KingVision and C-MAC Videolaryngoscope in Adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prathima Padavarahalli Thammanna ◽  
Kavya Marasandra Seetharam ◽  
Tejesh Channasandra Anandaswamy ◽  
Prapti Rath ◽  
Geetha Chamanhalli Rajappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
General Anaesthesia ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Haemodynamic Response ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Universal Device ◽  
Spss Software

Background: Videolaryngoscopes are now being advocated as the universal device for airway management due to their ability to provide an improved glottic visualisation. Due to their ability to see around the corners, they obviate the need to align the airway axes and thus may lead to less airway stimulation. This may result in less haemodynamic response during laryngoscopy and intubation. The present study was designed to compare the haemodynamic response to intubation with King Vision and C-MAC videolaryngoscopes. Methods: After obtaining informed consent, adults with unanticipated difficult intubation, scheduled to undergo surgery under general anaesthesia were randomised to be intubated with either King Vision (Group K) or C-MAC (Group C) videolaryngoscope. Following a standardised general anaesthesia induction protocol all subjects were intubated with the allocated videolaryngoscope and haemodynamic parameters (heart rate, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure) were recorded at specific time points. Statistical analysis was done using the SPSS Software (version 18.0). Results: The changes in the heart rate, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure following laryngoscopy and intubation with the allocated videolaryngoscope were statistically similar between the two groups at all time points. Conclusion: Haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation with King Vision and C-MAC videolaryngoscopes were similar.

scholarly journals Effects of Ingested Fresh Palm Wine on Pupil Diameter and Amplitude of Accommodation in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Ugwoke, G.I. ◽  
Esenwah, E.C. ◽  
Ikoro, N.C.
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Pupil Diameter ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Mean Amplitude ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Palm Wine ◽  
The Mean

Palm wine has long been the traditional wine of choice for most people during festive periods and social activities. This research work was done to determine the effect of ingested fresh palm wine on pupil diameter and amplitude of accommodation in young adults. Fifty (50) young adults aged between 18-35 years with a mean age of 23.46(±2.54) and weight ranging from 45-80kg with mean weight of 61.18(±8.00) volunteered for this work. The volunteers had normal body mass index (BMI) of between 18.5 and 25kg/m2. Pupil diameter in millimeters (mm) and Amplitude of Accommodation (AA) in diopters (D) were measured before and after 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes intake of 330ml of fresh palm wine containing 5.1% alcohol at the time it was consumed. Physicochemical analysis of the palm wine showed the presence of Solids, Sugar, Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) while microbiological analysis showed the presence of yeasts. Its pH at the time was 6.20. Statistical analysis with SPSS version 21 showed that the mean pupil diameter before intake of fresh palm wine was 3.80(±0.72) and mean value 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes after intake of fresh palm wine were 3.30(±0.61), 3.48(±0.75) and 4.20(±0.64) respectively. The mean Amplitude of accommodation before intake of fresh palm wine was 12.16(±3.66) and mean value 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes after intake of fresh palm wine were 13.86(±3.31), 10.19(±2.47) and 9.16(±2.12) respectively. The result obtained was statistically significant using one way ANOVA at 95% confidence interval and 0.05 level of significance; P(0.00) ˂0.05. The mean difference was significant at the 0.05 level. This study showed that fresh palm wine interfered with visual functions as increased pupil size and changes in AA were observed. Key words: Fresh palm wine, pupil diameter, amplitude of accommodation.

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