Action potentials of accessory respiratory muscles in dogs

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ogawa ◽  
N. C. Jefferson ◽  
J. E. Toman ◽  
T. Chiles ◽  
A. Zambetoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Potentials ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Intercostal Muscles ◽  
Intrinsic Muscle ◽  
Internal Oblique ◽  
Accessory Respiratory Muscles

Among 30 so-called accessory respiratory and other muscles tested, the presence of rhythmic respiratory impulses was found in 12. Both expiratory and inspiratory impulses were detected in certain muscles, in others only in- or expiratory ones. The muscles with most frequent inspiratory impulses were the intercartilaginous intercostal muscles, the intrinsic muscle of the larynx and the nostril; those with expiratory impulses were abdominis, external and internal oblique, transversus abdominis, scalenus anterior, and lower interosseous intercostal muscles.

Changes in abdominal muscles architecture induced by different types of breathing

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Iria Da Cuña-Carrera ◽  
Alejandra Alonso-Calvete ◽  
Yoana González-González ◽  
Mercedes Soto-González
Keyword(s):  
Effect Size ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Rectus Abdominis ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Architectural Characteristics ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Internal Oblique

BACKGROUND: The underlying morphology and behavior of abdominal muscles during breathing are still lacking in knowledge in healthy population. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of three different types of breathing on the architectural characteristics of abdominal muscles. METHODS: Ninety-eight healthy subjects were measured to assess the effects of breathing on the abdominal muscles, subjects performed three different types of breathing and the muscular thickness was measured with ultrasound imaging, analyzing also the differences between sexes. RESULTS: During the three different types of breathing and in comparison with the resting state, an increase of the thickness has been reported in the transversus abdominis (p< 0.001; effect size = 2.44, very large) and internal oblique (p< 0.001; effect size = 1.04, moderate) in both sexes, but with a higher increase in men. External oblique and rectus abdominis increased their thickness through breathing only while the lips were with pursed (p< 0.05) with trivial effect sizes and only differences between sexes were found in rectus abdominis. CONCLUSIONS: All breathings activated the deepest abdominal muscles, but the most superficial were only activated with lips pursed. Moreover, men appeared to activate more the deepest abdominal muscles but also the rectus abdominis. Findings in this study support the use of different types of breathing depending on the muscle to be activated or the sex, helping health care professionals to address their interventions on the abdominal muscles with a more focused approach.

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic assessment of parasternal intercostal muscles during mechanical ventilation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Formenti ◽  
Michele Umbrello ◽  
Martin Dres ◽  
Davide Chiumello
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Intercostal Muscles ◽  
Predictive Parameters

Abstract Although mechanical ventilation is a lifesaving treatment, abundant evidence indicates that its prolonged use (1 week or more) promotes respiratory muscle weakness due to both contractile dysfunction and atrophy. Along with the diaphragm, the intercostal muscles are one of the most important groups of respiratory muscles. In recent years, muscular ultrasound has become a useful bedside tool for the clinician to identify patients with respiratory muscle dysfunction related to critical illness and/or invasive mechanical ventilation. Images obtained over the course of illness can document changes in muscle dimension and can be used to estimate changes in function. Recent evidence suggests the clinical usefulness of ultrasound imaging in the assessment of intercostal muscle function. In this narrative review, we summarize the current literature on ultrasound imaging of the parasternal intercostal muscles as used to assess the extent of muscle activation and muscle weakness and its potential impact during discontinuation of mechanical ventilation. In addition, we proposed a practical flowchart based on recent evidence and experience of our group that can be applied during the weaning phase. This approach integrates multiple predictive parameters of weaning success with respiratory muscle ultrasound.

scholarly journals Noninvasive evaluation of respiratory muscles in pre-clinical model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-296
Author(s):  
Daniela M. Oliveira ◽  
Stefano C. Hagen ◽  
Amilton C. Santos ◽  
Maria A. Miglino ◽  
Antônio C. Assis Neto
Keyword(s):  
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Muscular Dystrophy ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Noninvasive Evaluation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinical Model ◽  
Intercostal Muscles ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Abstract Since respiratory insufficiency is the main cause of death in patients affected by Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), the present study aims at establishing a new non-invasive method to evaluate the clinical parameters of respiratory conditions of experimental models affected by DMD. With this purpose in mind, we evaluated the cardiorespiratory clinical conditions, the changes in the intercostal muscles, the diaphragmatic mobility, and the respiratory cycles in Golden Retriever Muscular Dystrophy (GRMD) employing ultrasonography (US). A control group consisting of dogs of the same race, but not affected by muscular dystrophy, were used in this study. The results showed that inspiration, expiration and plateau movements (diaphragm mobility) were lower in the affected group. Plateau phase in the affected group was practically non-existent and showed that the diaphragm remained in constant motion. Respiratory rate reached 15.5 per minute for affected group and 26.93 per minute for the control group. Expiration and inspiration movements of intercostal muscles reached 8.99mm and 8.79mm, respectively, for control group and 7.42mm and 7.40mm, respectively, for affected group. Methodology used in the present analysis proved to be viable for the follow-up and evaluation of the respiratory model in GRMD and may be adapted to other muscular dystrophy experimental models.

Electrical and mechanical activity of respiratory muscles during hypercapnia

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 719-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. van Lunteren ◽  
N. S. Cherniack
Keyword(s):  
Moving Average ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Mechanical Activity ◽  
Intercostal Muscles ◽  
Co2 Rebreathing ◽  
Single Breath ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Muscle Shortening ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Spontaneously Breathing

In nine anesthetized supine spontaneously breathing dogs, we compared moving average electromyograms (EMGs) of the costal diaphragm and the third parasternal intercostal muscles with their respective respiratory changes in length (measured by sonomicrometry). During resting O2 breathing the pattern of diaphragm and intercostal muscle inspiratory shortening paralleled the gradually incrementing pattern of their moving average EMGs. Progressive hypercapnia caused progressive increases in the amount and velocity of respiratory muscle inspiratory shortening. For both muscles there were linear relationships during the course of CO2 rebreathing between their peak moving average EMGs and total inspiratory shortening and between tidal volume and total inspiratory shortening. During single-breath airway occlusions, the electrical activity of both the diaphragm and intercostal muscles increased, but there were decreases in their tidal shortening. The extent of muscle shortening during occluded breaths was increased by hypercapnia, so that both muscles shortened more during occluded breaths under hypercapnic conditions (PCO2 up to 90 Torr) than during unoccluded breaths under normocapnic conditions. These results suggest that for the costal diaphragm and parasternal intercostal muscles there is a close relationship between their electrical and mechanical behavior during CO2 rebreathing, this relationship is substantially altered by occluding the airway for a single breath, and thoracic respiratory muscles do not contract quasi-isometrically during occluded breaths.

Forward trunk lean with arm support affects the activity of accessory respiratory muscles and thoracoabdominal movement in healthy individuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
António Mesquita Montes ◽  
Carolina Tam ◽  
Carlos Crasto ◽  
Cristina Argel de Melo ◽  
Paulo Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Arm Support ◽  
Accessory Respiratory Muscles

scholarly journals Impact of acute ascites on the action of the canine abdominal muscles

2008 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 1568-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Leduc ◽  
André De Troyer
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Length ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Airway Opening ◽  
Internal Oblique ◽  
Resting Muscle

Although ascites causes abdominal expansion, its effects on abdominal muscle function are uncertain. In the present study, progressively increasing ascites was induced in supine anesthetized dogs, and the changes in abdominal (ΔPab) and airway opening (ΔPao) pressure obtained during stimulation of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles were measured; the changes in internal oblique muscle length were also measured. As ascites increased from 0 to 100 ml/kg body wt, Pab and muscle length during relaxation increased. ΔPab also showed a threefold increase ( P < 0.001). However, ΔPao decreased ( P < 0.001). When ascites increased further to 200 ml/kg, resting muscle length continued to increase and muscle shortening during stimulation became very small so that active muscle length was 155% of the resting muscle length in the control condition. Concomitantly, ΔPab returned to the control value, and ΔPao continued to decrease. Similar results were obtained with the animals in the head-up posture, although the decrease in ΔPao appeared only when ascites was greater than 125 ml/kg. It is concluded that 1) ascites adversely affects the expiratory action of the abdominal muscles on the lung; 2) this effect results primarily from the increase in diaphragm elastance; and 3) when ascites is severe, the abdomen cross-sectional area is also increased and the abdominal muscles are excessively lengthened so that their active pressure-generating ability itself is reduced.

Concomitant Anterior and Posterior Component Separations: Absolutely Contraindicated?

2020 ◽  
pp. 155335062091419
Author(s):  
Jorge Daes ◽  
Joshua S. Winder ◽  
Eric M. Pauli
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Wall ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Abdominal Wall Reconstruction ◽  
Component Separation ◽  
Transversus Abdominis ◽  
Lateral Abdominal Wall ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Fresh Cadaver ◽  
Semilunar Line ◽  
Internal Oblique

Many experts in abdominal wall reconstruction believe that the combination of simultaneous ipsilateral anterior component separation (ACS) and posterior component separation (PCS) is contraindicated. We performed ipsilateral endoscopic ACS and either endoscopic or open PCS-transversus abdominis release (TAR) in 5 fresh cadaver models. The full length of the semilunar line and the lateral abdominal wall remained well reinforced by 2 complete layers, comprising the internal oblique (IO) and TA muscles and their investing fasciae. Myofascial releases occurred 4 cm (median) apart. Additionally, we reviewed computed tomography images at 1 month and 1 year after PCS-TAR in 17 patients (30 PCS-TARs). Lateral displacement of the TA relative to the rectus abdominis (RA) was significant only at the superior mesenteric artery level, where it was <1 cm (median). Muscle mass changed minimally over time. Several studies showed that abdominal wall reconstruction after PCS-TAR results in compensatory muscular hypertrophy of the RA, external oblique (EO), and IO muscles and provides better quality of life and improved core physiology. These changes did not occur when the midline was not restored. Theoretically, endoscopic ACS-EO may be added to PCS-TAR to avoid partially bridged mesh repair in patients in whom complete midline restoration is impossible via PCS-TAR alone. Nevertheless, we advise most surgeons to perform a small-bridged repair instead of risking increased morbidity by attempting a highly complicated procedure.

Responses of bulbospinal and laryngeal respiratory neurons to hypercapnia and hypoxia

1985 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1201-1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. St John ◽  
A. L. Bianchi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Laryngeal Nerve ◽  
Respiratory Neurons ◽  
Peripheral Chemoreceptor ◽  
Medullary Respiratory Neurons ◽  
Neuronal Groups

The purpose was to evaluate activities of medullary respiratory neurons during equivalent changes in phrenic discharge resulting from hypercapnia and hypoxia. Decerebrate, cerebellectomized, paralyzed, and ventilated cats were used. Vagi were sectioned at left midcervical and right intrathoracic levels caudal to the origin of right recurrent laryngeal nerve. Activities of phrenic nerve and single respiratory neurons were monitored. Neurons exhibiting antidromic action potentials following stimulations of the spinal cord and recurrent laryngeal nerve were designated, respectively, bulbospinal or laryngeal. The remaining neurons were not antidromically activated. Hypercapnia caused significant augmentations of discharge frequencies for all neuronal groups. Many of these neurons had no change or declines of activity in hypoxia. We conclude that central chemoreceptor afferent influences are ubiquitous, but excitatory influences from carotid chemoreceptors are more limited in distribution among medullary respiratory neurons. Hypoxia will increase activities of neurons that receive sufficient excitatory peripheral chemoreceptor afferents to overcome direct depression by brain stem hypoxia. The possibility that responses of respiratory muscles to hypoxia are programmed within the medulla is discussed.

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