Metabolic and hormonal changes following endotoxin administration to diabetic rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (1) ◽  
pp. R77-R81
Author(s):  
D. L. Kelleher ◽  
B. C. Fong ◽  
G. J. Bagby ◽  
J. J. Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Endotoxin Administration

The aim of these investigations was to study the time course and cause of the altered metabolic response of diabetic rats to endotoxin administration. Escherichia coli endotoxin was administered to streptozotocin-diabetic and control normoglycemic rats. At 1, 2, 5, 8, and 24 h following endotoxin, animals were decapitated. Plasma samples were analyzed for glucose, lactate, insulin, glucagon, and corticosteroids. In addition, tissue glycogen content of liver and skeletal muscle was determined. Endotoxin caused an elevation of plasma glucose in both diabetic and normoglycemic rats by 1 h postinjection. The elevation was prolonged in diabetic rats for 8 h but lasted only 2 h in nondiabetic rats. Both endotoxin-treated groups demonstrated hyperlactacidemia following endotoxin. Endotoxin led to liver glycogen depletion in both diabetic and normoglycemic rats, whereas muscle glycogen content was only slightly affected. Plasma glucagon and corticosteroids rose immediately and remained elevated in both endotoxin-treated groups. A significant insulin response to rising plasma glucose was observed in nondiabetic but not in diabetic rats following endotoxin. These results suggest that the exaggerated and prolonged hyperglycemia observed in diabetic endotoxin-treated rats is due to hypersecretion of glucose-mobilizing hormones and elevated gluconeogenesis, unmatched by an adequate secretion of insulin to promote glucose uptake and utilization.

Endurance training fails to inhibit skeletal muscle glucose uptake during exercise

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1876-1881 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Sumida ◽  
C. M. Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake

The effects of endurance training (running 30 m/min, 10% grade for 90 min, 5 days/wk for 12 wk) on skeletal muscle glucose uptake during steady-state exercise (running 20 m/min) were studied in fed rats. A bolus injection of 2-[1,2–3H]deoxyglucose was administered to assess the glucose metabolic index (R′g), an indicator of glucose uptake, in individual tissues of the animal. After 55 min of rest or moderate exercise, various tissues were analyzed for accumulation of phosphorylated 2-[1,2–3H]-deoxyglucose and/or glycogen content. No differences were observed between groups in the resting glycogen content for any of the muscle samples examined. Resting plasma glucose concentrations were not significantly different between groups. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed in R′g between groups for any of the muscle examined (tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, soleus, white gastrocnemius, red gastrocnemius). During exercise, plasma glucose concentrations were not significantly different between groups. Exercise significantly elevated R′g above resting values in the tibialis anterior (5-fold), soleus (3-fold), and red gastrocnemius (7.5-fold). Despite an elevated R′g for specific muscles during exercise, no significant differences were observed in glucose uptake between groups for any tissue examined. Concomitantly, trained animals exhibited significantly less muscle glycogen depletion during exercise compared with control animals. Liver glycogen levels were also significantly higher post-exercise in trained vs. control animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adrenodemedullation affects endurance but not hepatic fructose 2,6-bisphosphate

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (4) ◽  
pp. R572-R577 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. Yang ◽  
R. L. Hammer ◽  
T. L. Sellers ◽  
J. Arogyasami ◽  
D. T. Carrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Epinephrine Infusion ◽  
Liver Glycogen Content

Sham-operated (SHAM) and saline (ADM-S)- or epinephrine (ADM-E)-infused adrenodemedullated rats were run on a treadmill (21 m/min, 15% grade) for 80 min or until exhaustion. ADM-S rats had significantly lower endurance run times (116 +/- 6 min) than ADM-E rats (136 +/- 8 min) and SHAM rats (150 +/- 6 min). Liver glycogen content dropped from 56 +/- 4 to 10 +/- 2 mg/g in SHAM and from 54 +/- 4 to 18 +/- 5 mg/g in ADM-S and to 20 +/- 8 mg/g in ADM-E rats at 80 min. Liver glycogen was depleted in all rats at exhaustion. Liver fructose 2,6-bisphosphate was decreased markedly in exercising rats, and the extent of decrease was not influenced by adrenodemedullation or by epinephrine infusion. ADM-S rats showed impaired glycogen depletion in the white vastus lateralis and soleus muscles, hypoglycemia, and low blood lactate at 80 min and at exhaustion. Infusion of epinephrine into ADM rats reversed these deficiencies. These data indicate that the adrenal medulla is unessential for normal endurance exercise as long as liver glycogen is available. After liver glycogen is depleted, epinephrine from the adrenal medulla prevents hypoglycemia and is essential for allowing continuation of exercise.

scholarly journals ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF JATROPHA GOSSYPIFOLIA METHANOLIC EXTRACT IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-NICOTINAMIDE INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issac Praveen Kumar ◽  
Ishan Malhotra ◽  
Sujatha Sundaresan ◽  
Alwin Dev
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antihyperlipidemic Activity ◽  
Jatropha Gossypifolia

  Objective: The objective of the present study is to explore the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of Jatropha gossypifolia methanolic extract (ME) in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NIC) induced diabetic model.Methods: Type II diabetes was induced by a single dose of NIC (110 mg/kg) and STZ (50 mg/kg b.w.) intraperitoneally. The diabetic animals were treated with ME (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg b.w.) of J. gossypifolia. At the end of experimental period, the effect of the ME on creatinine level, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL (VLDL) were analyzed. Liver function parameters such as glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were analyzed and liver glycogen content was estimated spectrophotometrically. After scarification of animals, the liver was collected and subjected to histopathology analysis. Glycogen content was estimated spectrophotometrically.Results: The ME treated diabetic rats showed a significant increase in HDL level and a decrease in creatinine, TG, TC, and VLDL levels. The treated group showed a significant decrease in liver function parameters such as GOT and GPT levels and significantly increased the liver glycogen content.Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that ME possess antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity against STZ - NIC induced diabetic rats.

Body glucose as fuel for thermogenesis in the white rat exposed to cold

1960 ◽  
Vol 199 (6) ◽  
pp. 1051-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florent Depocas ◽  
Roberto Masironi
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Turnover Time ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Warm Environment ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Liver Glycogen Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Catabolism

Various parameters of glucose metabolism were measured with C14-glucose in unanesthetized warm- and cold-acclimated rats at 30° and 6°C. Exposure of warm-acclimated rats to cold was associated with a decrease in turnover time of plasma glucose, no change in glucose pool size and space, an increase in rates of turnover and oxidation of body glucose, an increase in the ratio of the oxidation rate to the turnover rate, no change in percentage of respiratory CO2 derived from glucose oxidation, and a decrease in liver glycogen content. Approximately reversed changes were observed in cold-acclimated rats transferred from a cold to a warm environment except in the values of turnover time of plasma glucose and terminal liver glycogen content which underwent smaller changes. It is concluded that cold-induced thermogenesis in white rats, whether acclimated to warm or cold environments, is associated with an increase in carbohydrate catabolism proportionate to the increase in energy metabolism.

Shivering thermogenesis and glucose uptake by muscles of normal or diabetic rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 242 (1) ◽  
pp. R109-R115 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. L. Smith ◽  
S. B. Davidson
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Severe Diabetes ◽  
Mild Diabetes ◽  
Fasted Rats ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis

Acute cold exposure of normal rats (4 degrees C for 24 h) increased food intake, reduced plasma glucose and liver glycogen, caused a small increase in plasma free fatty acids, and lowered serum insulin concentration by 50%. In fasted rats, cold raised fatty acid levels twice as high as in fed. In mild diabetes (40 mg/kg streptozotocin iv) cold reduced glucose levels in blood and urine, but in severe diabetes (90 mg/kg) cold aggravated hyperglycemia and ketonuria. Changes in muscle glucose utilization were also studied, after evisceration (functional hepatectomy) of rats from each group. Uptake was calculated from the fall in plasma glucose concentration during the 4-h period after a load of 50% glucose iv. Cold normally increased uptake 67%, but it failed to do so in fasted rats. In diabetic rats, cold enhanced uptake, but only if the disease were mild or insulin controlled. Sensitivity of uptake to insulin was unaffected by cold. The results suggest that shivering thermogenesis, like exercise, can promote glucose uptake by skeletal muscle, if enough insulin is present to prevent excess mobilization of lipid substrates.

scholarly journals H ypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Aloe vera Leaf Mucilage in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mediha Sefi ◽  
Mariem Chaâbane ◽  
Moez Rafrafi ◽  
Najiba Zeghal
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Synthetic Drugs

The present study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of Aloe vera mucilage in alloxaninduced diabetic rats. Adult male Wistar rats were assigned into 4 groups (6 rats/group), as follows: the first group (C) served as the controls. The second group of rats (AL) received a single subcutaneous dose of alloxan at 120 mg kg-1bw. These groups received 1 mL of NaCl 9%. The third group (AL+Av) represented diabetic rats treated with 1 mL of mucilage extracted from Aloe vera leaves. The fourth group (C+Av) corresponded to control rats administered with 1 mL of Aloe vera mucilage. NaCl or Aloe vera mucilage were intraperitoneally injected to the rats. Diabetic rats exhibited significant hyperglycemia accompanied by glycosuria. We also observed a significant reduction in the liver weight and glycogen content of the specimen. A reduced level of serum insulin was also observed among diabetic rats. However, the levels of serum triglycerides and total cholesterol increased in alloxaninduced diabetic rats. Aloe vera mucilage administration to diabetic rats partially and totally corrected glycaemia and liver glycogen content and serum insulin level, respectively. The rats’ lipid status has also been improved. Medicinal plants, including Aloe vera, are expected to correct hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic patients to prevent the adverse effects of synthetic drugs.

scholarly journals Antidiabetic effect of syzygium cumini l. Seed on type 2 diabetic rats

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaied Ahmed Bhuyan ◽  
Begum Rokeya ◽  
Nuruzzaman Masum ◽  
Shahdat Hossain ◽  
Ishtiaq Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Syzygium Cumini ◽  
Liver Glycogen Content ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

The present study evaluates the effects of powder and ethanol extract of Syzygium cumini seeds (1.25/ kg bw) treatment for 21 days on glucose homeostasis, serum insulin, serum lipids and liver glycogen content in streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic rats. The administration of S. cumini seed powder and ethanol extract for 21 days to type 2 diabetic rats significantly reduced the fasting glucose level although it did not alter the blood glucose level after glucose challenge. The insulin level and liver glycogen content also were not changed after dietary administration of Syzygium cumin powder or ethanol extract. In addition to hypoglycemic effect, the Syzygium cumini significantly ameliorated the lipid profile. The plasma LDL?cholesterol level, an atherogenic lipid, significantly (p < 0.01) decreased with a concurrent increase (p < 0.01) in the plasma HDL?cholesterol level, thus suggesting dietary Syzygium cumini could be used as one of the alternatives in the treatment of diabetes.    Key words: Syzygium cumini; Diabetes; Cholesterol DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v19i2.8959 DUJBS 2010; 19(2): 157-164

scholarly journals NMR of glycogen in exercise

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas B. Price ◽  
Douglas L. Rothman ◽  
Robert G. Shulman
Keyword(s):  
Time Resolution ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
C Nmr

Natural-abundance 13CNMR spectroscopy is a non-invasive technique that enables in vivo assessments of muscle and/or liver glycogen concentrations. Over the last several years, 13C NMR has been developed and used to obtain information about human glycogen metabolism with diet and exercise. Since NMR is non-invasive, more data points are available over a specified time course, dramatically improving the time resolution. This improved time resolution has enabled the documentation of subtleties of muscle glycogen re-synthesis following severe glycogen depletion that were not previously observed. Muscle and liver glycogen concentrations have been tracked in several different human populations under conditions that include: (1) muscle glycogen recovery from intense localized exercise with normal insulin and with insulin suppressed; (2) muscle glycogen recovery in an insulin-resistant population; (3) muscle glycogen depletion during prolonged low-intensity exercise; (4) effect of a mixed meal on postprandial muscle and liver glycogen synthesis. The present review focuses on basic 13C NMR and gives results from selected studies.

Effects of insulin on liver glycogen synthesis and breakdown in the dog

1965 ◽  
Vol 208 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Bishop ◽  
R. Steele ◽  
N. Altszuler ◽  
A. Dunn ◽  
C. Bjerknes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Percutaneous Biopsy ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
Total Glucose ◽  
Almost All

Glucose-C14 was given intravenously in trace amount, as an initial dose followed by continuous infusion, to measure glucose-C12 release by the liver, and total glucose uptake from plasma by the tissues. The glycogen content of liver and the C14 incorporated into the glycogen and the nonglycogen constituents of liver were measured by analysis of percutaneous biopsy samples. Glucose 6-C14 was used to show that direct uptake and conversion to liver glycogen (without passage through three carbon intermediates) of tagged blood glucose molecules was the source of almost all the C14 of glycogen Insulin infusion at 0 1–0.2 U/kg per hr, iv, along with glucose to limit hypoglycemia, stopped glycogen loss, decreased glucose-C12 release, increased glucose uptake from the plasma by the tissues and brought about the incorporation of plasma glucose-C14 units into liver glycogen. Incorporation of C14 into the nonglycogen constituents of the liver was increased much less. Glucose infusion, presumed to stimulate endogenous insulin secretion, produced similar effects. In earlier periods of insulin infusion the outstanding hepatic effects were decreases in glycogen loss and glucose-C12 release. In later periods the outstanding further effect was a great increase in the use of plasma glucose-C14 for liver glycogen synthesis.

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