scholarly journals ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF JATROPHA GOSSYPIFOLIA METHANOLIC EXTRACT IN STREPTOZOTOCIN-NICOTINAMIDE INDUCED DIABETIC RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issac Praveen Kumar ◽  
Ishan Malhotra ◽  
Sujatha Sundaresan ◽  
Alwin Dev
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antihyperlipidemic Activity ◽  
Jatropha Gossypifolia

  Objective: The objective of the present study is to explore the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of Jatropha gossypifolia methanolic extract (ME) in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide (NIC) induced diabetic model.Methods: Type II diabetes was induced by a single dose of NIC (110 mg/kg) and STZ (50 mg/kg b.w.) intraperitoneally. The diabetic animals were treated with ME (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg b.w.) of J. gossypifolia. At the end of experimental period, the effect of the ME on creatinine level, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very LDL (VLDL) were analyzed. Liver function parameters such as glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) were analyzed and liver glycogen content was estimated spectrophotometrically. After scarification of animals, the liver was collected and subjected to histopathology analysis. Glycogen content was estimated spectrophotometrically.Results: The ME treated diabetic rats showed a significant increase in HDL level and a decrease in creatinine, TG, TC, and VLDL levels. The treated group showed a significant decrease in liver function parameters such as GOT and GPT levels and significantly increased the liver glycogen content.Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that ME possess antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity against STZ - NIC induced diabetic rats.

scholarly journals ARISTOLOCHIA BRACTEOLATA – ANTIHYPERGLYCEMIC AND ANTIHYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY IN DEXAMETHASONE-INDUCED DIABETIC RAT MODEL

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Ganga Rajum ◽  
Hema Sundar Reddy T ◽  
Hema Sundar Reddy T
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Antihyperlipidemic Activity ◽  
Aristolochia Bracteolata

  Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities of methanolic extract of Aristolochia bracteolata (MEAB) against dexamethasone-induced diabetic rat model.Methods: Methanolic extract was prepared by soxhlet extraction and was evaluated for antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activity using dexamethasone-induced model. The MEAB was administered orally at a dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight glibenclamide was used as standard drug. On 0th and 11th day, blood was collected by retro-orbit plexus.Results: In this model blood glucose levels were determined on 0th and 11th days and MEAB significantly reduced the blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. The effect of MEAB on serum lipid profile such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very LDL (VLDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was also measured on the 11th day in the diabetic rats. Significant reduction in TC, TGs, LDL, and VLDL levels and improvement in HDL level were observed in diabetic rats.Conclusion: From the results, it was found that the MEAB possess antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic activities.

scholarly journals Short-Term Feeding of Fibre-Enriched Biscuits: Protective Effect against Hepatotoxicity in Diabetic Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ochuko L. Erukainure ◽  
Osaretin A. T. Ebuehi ◽  
Folasade O. Adeboyejo ◽  
Olufunmilola O. Oladunmoye ◽  
Muhammad Aliyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protective Effect ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alloxan Monohydrate

The effects of fibre-enriched biscuit on biomarkers associated with hepatotoxicity in diabetic rats were investigated. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan monohydrate. Treatment lasted for 14 days after which the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Blood serum was analyzed to determine hepatic function enzymes. The liver was also analyzed to determine hepatic lipid profile and antioxidant enzymes. Induction of diabetes led to elevated levels of ALP, AST, and ALT. These were, however, significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the fibre-enriched biscuit fed (treated) group. There was no significant difference in the serum bilirubin and total protein levels of the studied groups. Reduced albumin level was observed in the diabetic group; this was further lowered on feeding with fibre-enriched biscuits. Induction of diabetes led to increased hepatic level of cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), and lipid peroxidation and decreased activities of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and HDL level. These were significantly (p<0.05) reversed on feeding with fibre-enriched biscuit. This study portrays the protective effect of fibre-enriched biscuit on increased oxidative stress and hyperlipidemia in hepatic tissues of alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

Metabolic and hormonal changes following endotoxin administration to diabetic rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 243 (1) ◽  
pp. R77-R81
Author(s):  
D. L. Kelleher ◽  
B. C. Fong ◽  
G. J. Bagby ◽  
J. J. Spitzer
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Endotoxin Administration

The aim of these investigations was to study the time course and cause of the altered metabolic response of diabetic rats to endotoxin administration. Escherichia coli endotoxin was administered to streptozotocin-diabetic and control normoglycemic rats. At 1, 2, 5, 8, and 24 h following endotoxin, animals were decapitated. Plasma samples were analyzed for glucose, lactate, insulin, glucagon, and corticosteroids. In addition, tissue glycogen content of liver and skeletal muscle was determined. Endotoxin caused an elevation of plasma glucose in both diabetic and normoglycemic rats by 1 h postinjection. The elevation was prolonged in diabetic rats for 8 h but lasted only 2 h in nondiabetic rats. Both endotoxin-treated groups demonstrated hyperlactacidemia following endotoxin. Endotoxin led to liver glycogen depletion in both diabetic and normoglycemic rats, whereas muscle glycogen content was only slightly affected. Plasma glucagon and corticosteroids rose immediately and remained elevated in both endotoxin-treated groups. A significant insulin response to rising plasma glucose was observed in nondiabetic but not in diabetic rats following endotoxin. These results suggest that the exaggerated and prolonged hyperglycemia observed in diabetic endotoxin-treated rats is due to hypersecretion of glucose-mobilizing hormones and elevated gluconeogenesis, unmatched by an adequate secretion of insulin to promote glucose uptake and utilization.

S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide mitigates histopathological damage, alleviate oxidative stress and promotes immunomodulation in diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Licyanne Ingrid C. Lemos ◽  
Matheus Anselmo Medeiros ◽  
João Paulo M.S. Lima ◽  
Tatiane O. Teixeira ◽  
Camila Alexandrina Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Cysteine Sulfoxide

Abstract Objectives S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide (SMCS) is a hydrophilic cysteine-containing natural compound found in plants and is known to possess antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. We investigated the antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties of SMCS, as well as histopathological changes in the liver and pancreas in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods The rats were divided into the following groups: control (CG), comprising non-diabetic rats; STZ-DB, comprising STZ-induced diabetic rats; and STZ-SMCS, comprising STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with SMCS. SMCS (200 mg/kg) was administered by gavage daily for 30 days. Biochemical and cytokine analyses, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities assays and histopathological analysis of liver and pancreas tissues were performed. Results SMCS treatment reduced glycemia (p<0.05), decreased triglyceride (p<0.01) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels (p<0.01), and increased SOD and CAT activity in the liver (both p<0.01) compared with STZ-DB group. Higher activity values of IL-10 were observed in the STZ-SMCS group than in the other groups (p<0.001). Liver glycogen was significantly improved in the STZ-SMCS group compared with the STZ-DB group. SMCS also ameliorated damage to pancreatic islets, which resulted in restoration of their morphology. Conclusions Oral treatment of SMCS showed improvement of the morphological alterations in liver and pancreatic islet in diabetic rats. These beneficial morphological effects of SMCS can be partially explained by IL-10 modulation associated with antioxidant action.

scholarly journals Cholesterol Contributes to Diabetic Nephropathy through SCAP-SREBP-2 Pathway

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Sun ◽  
Yang Yuan ◽  
Zi-Lin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cholesterol Accumulation ◽  
Intracellular Cholesterol

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) has been associated with the presence of lipid deposition. We hypothesized that the disruption of intracellular cholesterol feedback may contribute to DN. Diabetes was induced by high fat/sucrose diet and low-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (STZ) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Then diabetic rats were randomly divided into two groups: untreated diabetic group (DM) and atorvastatin-treated group (DM + AT). We found that the levels of serum blood urea nitrogen and creatinine, as well as 24-hour urine protein and urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, were significantly increased in diabetic rats. This result indicated that the diabetic rats suffered from functional renal damage. We also observed lipid droplet accumulation and increase in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoAR), low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLr), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), and SREBP-cleavage activating protein (SCAP) in the kidneys of diabetic rats. However, atorvastatin ameliorated renal lipid accumulation and improved the renal function of diabetic rats despite an increase in mRNA and protein expressions of HMG-CoAR, LDLr, and SREBP-2. These results demonstrated that intracellular cholesterol feedback regulation is disrupted in rats with type 2 diabetes, thereby causing renal cholesterol accumulation. Atorvastatin ameliorated renal cholesterol accumulation by reducing renal cholesterol synthesis.

scholarly journals H ypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Aloe vera Leaf Mucilage in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mediha Sefi ◽  
Mariem Chaâbane ◽  
Moez Rafrafi ◽  
Najiba Zeghal
Keyword(s):  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Synthetic Drugs

The present study aimed to evaluate the hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of Aloe vera mucilage in alloxaninduced diabetic rats. Adult male Wistar rats were assigned into 4 groups (6 rats/group), as follows: the first group (C) served as the controls. The second group of rats (AL) received a single subcutaneous dose of alloxan at 120 mg kg-1bw. These groups received 1 mL of NaCl 9%. The third group (AL+Av) represented diabetic rats treated with 1 mL of mucilage extracted from Aloe vera leaves. The fourth group (C+Av) corresponded to control rats administered with 1 mL of Aloe vera mucilage. NaCl or Aloe vera mucilage were intraperitoneally injected to the rats. Diabetic rats exhibited significant hyperglycemia accompanied by glycosuria. We also observed a significant reduction in the liver weight and glycogen content of the specimen. A reduced level of serum insulin was also observed among diabetic rats. However, the levels of serum triglycerides and total cholesterol increased in alloxaninduced diabetic rats. Aloe vera mucilage administration to diabetic rats partially and totally corrected glycaemia and liver glycogen content and serum insulin level, respectively. The rats’ lipid status has also been improved. Medicinal plants, including Aloe vera, are expected to correct hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic patients to prevent the adverse effects of synthetic drugs.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Effects of 5,7-Dihydroxy-6-Oxoheptadecanoic Acid on Dysglycemia, Dyslipidemia, and Other Complications in Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2093720
Author(s):  
Cuilan An ◽  
Lingling Wang ◽  
Yongli Liu ◽  
Emmanuel Ayobami Makinde ◽  
Huilian Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Therapeutic Effects

The current study aimed to investigate the therapeutic effects of 5,7-dihydroxy-6-oxoheptadecanoic acid (DHA) from Tiliacora triandra on rat models of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM was induced with a combination of high-fat diet/streptozotocin (HFD/STZ), and diabetic rats were treated with DHA (25 mg/kg) for 30 days. The body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum, and liver biochemical parameters, as well as histological evaluations of the liver and pancreas, were evaluated. Diabetic rats displayed a significant increase in FBG, serum lipid profiles (triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), liver function enzymes (aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and alanine transaminase), creatinine, liver malondialdehyde (MDA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) contents. Furthermore, insulin level and liver antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase [CAT], superoxide dismutase [SOD], and glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]) were significantly reduced in the diabetic rats. Whereas, treatment with DHA significantly reduced FBG, serum lipids, liver function enzymes, serum creatinine, liver MDA, and MPO contents. In addition, treatment with DHA significantly increased serum insulin level and liver SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px activities. In addition, DHA alleviated histopathological changes in the pancreas and liver caused by T2DM. These results portray the antidiabetic and antioxidative properties of DHA and can be considered as a potential treatment for T2DM.

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic effect of Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lacomate Ex. Ororke), Baill in Type 2 Diabetic Long-Evans Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Hossain ◽  
S Sokeng ◽  
M Shoeb ◽  
K Hasan ◽  
M Mosihuzzaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Level ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Bush Mango ◽  
Irvingia Gabonensis ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Irvingia gabonensis (Aubry-Lacomate Ex. Ororke), Baill (African wild mango/bush mango) seeds are   widely used in cooking as a sauce in Cameroon and in most parts of tropical Africa for the treatment of a number of ailments. In this study normal rat food was incorporated with I. gabonensis seed powder (10%) and oil free seed powder (5%) and their chronic effects on streptozotocin induced Type 2 diabetic rats were studied. Oral consumption of food incorporated with seed powder significantly reduced serum glucose level on the 28th day (p<0.01) which was   comparable with glibenclamide treated group. Food with oil free seed powder showed 24% fall in glucose level on the 28th day. Fasting serum insulin increased significantly (p<0.001) in glibenclamide and oil free seed powder treated (p<0.008) groups. No effect was observed in the seed powder treated group. Liver glycogen content increased in the glibenclamide treated group but no significant change was observed in both powder and oil free seed powder   treated groups. On the 28th day seed powder treated group significantly lowered serum TG level (p<0.033) and 48% was lowered by oil free seed powder. It is concluded that seed powder as well as oil free seed powder lowered blood glucose level in Type 2 diabetic model rats. It seems to act as an insulinomimetic and/or insulin sensitizing agent. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujps.v11i1.12482 Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 11(1): 19-24, 2012 (June)

Differences in glycogen, lipids, and enzymes in livers from rats flown on COSMOS 2044

1992 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. S142-S147 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Merrill ◽  
E. Wang ◽  
R. LaRocque ◽  
R. E. Mullins ◽  
E. T. Morgan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Microsomal Protein ◽  
Tyrosine Aminotransferase ◽  
Synchronous Control ◽  
Liver Glycogen Content ◽  
Rate Limiting

Livers from rats flown aboard COSMOS 2044 were analyzed for protein, carbohydrate (glycogen), and lipids as well as the activities of a number of key enzymes involved in metabolism of these compounds and xenobiotics. The major differences between the flight group and the synchronous control were elevations in microsomal protein, liver glycogen content, tyrosine aminotransferase, and tryptophan oxygenase and reductions in sphingolipids and the rate-limiting enzyme of heme biosynthesis, delta-aminolevulinic acid synthase. These results provide further evidence that spaceflight has pronounced and diverse effects on liver function; however, some of the results with samples from COSMOS 2044 differed notably from those from previous spaceflights. This may be due to conditions of spaceflight and/or the postflight recovery period for COSMOS 2044.

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