scholarly journals Sex-dependent differences in the adverse renal changes induced by an early in life exposure to a high-fat diet

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (2) ◽  
pp. F332-F340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan M. Moreno ◽  
Antonio Tapia ◽  
Carlos M. Martinez ◽  
Virginia Reverte ◽  
Lidia Oltra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Early Exposure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Renal Changes ◽  
Renal Vascular

This study examines whether the intake of a high-fat diet very early in life leads to changes in arterial pressure and renal function and evaluates whether the mechanisms involved in these changes are sex-dependent. Experiments were performed in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats fed a normal or high-fat diet from weaning to 4 mo of age. This exposure to a high-fat diet lead to an angiotensin II-dependent elevation in arterial pressure and to significant increments in fat abdominal volume and plasma leptin that were similar in both sexes. In addition, the angiotensin II-induced increment in renal vascular resistance was greater ( P < 0.05) in male (106 ± 14%) and female (97 ± 15%) rats fed a high-fat diet than in rats fed a normal-fat diet (51 ± 8%). However, the high-fat intake during early life induced increments in albuminuria, interleukin-6, and infiltration of CD3 lymphocytes in the renal parenchyma that were greater ( P < 0.05) in male than in female rats. Other sex-dependent differences in response to high-fat intake were that adiponectin levels only decreased in females (21%, P < 0.05), and renal NF-κB expression only increased in males (31%, P < 0.05). In summary, the early exposure to a high-fat diet leads to angiotensin II-dependent arterial pressure elevations and to increments in abdominal fat and in the renal sensitivity to angiotensin II that are similar in both sexes. However, the mechanisms involved in the renal changes associated with early exposure to a high-fat diet are different in males and females.

High-fat diet is associated with blunted splanchnic sympathoinhibitory responses to gastric leptin and cholecystokinin: implications for circulatory control

2011 ◽  
Vol 300 (3) ◽  
pp. H961-H967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackie M. Y. How ◽  
Barbara C. Fam ◽  
Anthony J. M. Verberne ◽  
Daniela M. Sartor
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Vagal Afferents ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Lower Plasma ◽  
Lower Tertile ◽  
Circulatory Control ◽  
Plasma Leptin

Gastric leptin and cholecystokinin (CCK) act on vagal afferents to induce cardiovascular effects and reflex inhibition of splanchnic sympathetic nerve discharge (SSND) and may act cooperatively in these responses. We sought to determine whether these effects are altered in animals that developed obesity in response to a medium high-fat diet (MHFD). Male Sprague-Dawley rats were placed on a low-fat diet (LFD; n = 8) or a MHFD ( n = 24) for 13 wk, after which the animals were anesthetized and artificially ventilated. Arterial pressure was monitored and blood was collected for the determination of plasma leptin and CCK. SSND responses to leptin (15 μg/kg) and CCK (2 μg/kg) administered close to the coeliac artery were evaluated. Collectively, MHFD animals had significantly higher plasma leptin but lower plasma CCK levels than LFD rats ( P < 0.05), and this corresponded to attenuated or reversed SSND responses to CCK (LFD, −21 ± 2%; and MHFD, −12 ± 2%; P < 0.05) and leptin (LFD, −6 ± 2%; and MHFD, 4 ± 1%; P < 0.001). Alternatively, animals on the MHFD were stratified into obesity-prone (OP; n = 8) or obesity-resistant (OR; n = 8) groups according to their weight gain falling within the upper or lower tertile, respectively. OP rats had significantly higher resting arterial pressure, adiposity, and plasma leptin but lower plasma CCK compared with LFD rats ( P < 0.05). The SSND responses to CCK or leptin were not significantly different between OP and OR animals. These results demonstrate that a high-fat diet is associated with blunted splanchnic sympathoinhibitory responses to gastric leptin and CCK and may impact on sympathetic vasomotor mechanisms involved in circulatory control.

The arterial depressor response to chronic low-dose angiotensin II infusion in female rats is estrogen dependent

2012 ◽  
Vol 302 (1) ◽  
pp. R159-R165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda K. Sampson ◽  
Lucinda M. Hilliard ◽  
Karen M. Moritz ◽  
Merlin C. Thomas ◽  
Chris Tikellis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Pressure Regulation ◽  
Estrogen Replacement ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Arterial Pressure Regulation

The complex role of the renin-angiotensin-system (RAS) in arterial pressure regulation has been well documented. Recently, we demonstrated that chronic low-dose angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion decreases arterial pressure in female rats via an AT2R-mediated mechanism. Estrogen can differentially regulate components of the RAS and is known to influence arterial pressure regulation. We hypothesized that AT2R-mediated depressor effects evident in females were estrogen dependent and thus would be abolished by ovariectomy and restored by estrogen replacement. Female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent ovariectomy or sham surgery and were treated with 17β-estradiol or placebo. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured via telemetry in response to a 2-wk infusion of ANG II (50 ng·kg−1·min−1 sc) or saline. MAP significantly decreased in females treated with ANG II (−10 ± 2 mmHg), a response that was abolished by ovariectomy (+4 ± 2 mmHg) and restored with estrogen replacement (−6 ± 2 mmHg). Cardiac and renal gene expression of components of the RAS was differentially regulated by estrogen, such that overall, estrogen shifted the balance of the RAS toward the vasodilatory axis. In conclusion, estrogen-dependent mechanisms offset the vasopressor actions of ANG II by enhancing RAS vasodilator pathways in females. This highlights the potential for these vasodilator pathways as therapeutic targets, particularly in women.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Renal and Cardioprotective Potential of the Biofield Energy Treated Proprietary Test Formulation on L-NAME and High Fat Diet-Induced Cardiovascular Disorders in Sprague Dawley Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi ◽  
Alice Branton ◽  
Dahryn Trivedi ◽  
Snehasis Jana
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Test Formulation ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Per Se

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Biofield Energy Treated/Blessed Proprietary Test Formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment/Blessing per se on kidney biomarkers on L-NAME and high fat diet (HFD)-induced cardiovascular disorders in Sprague Dawley rats. In this experiment, the functional kidney biomarkers such as epinephrine/adrenaline, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), angiotensin-II, C-reactive protein (CRP), and renin were measured using ELISA assay. A test formulation was formulated including minerals (magnesium, zinc, copper, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (vitamin C, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin B9, and vitamin D3), cannabidiol (CBD) isolate, Panax ginseng extract, and β-carotene. The components of the test item were divided into two; one section was defined as the untreated test formulation, while the other part and three group of animals received Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi’s Biofield Energy healing/Blessing remotely for about 3 minutes. The results showed that the level of adrenaline was reduced by 31.62%, 19.58%, 34.32%, 37.07%, and 29.87% in the G5 (L-NAME + HFD + the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation), G6 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se to animals from day -15), G7 (L-NAME + HFD + the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day-15), and G8 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se plus the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day-15), and G9 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se animals plus the untreated test formulation) groups, respectively as compared to the disease control group (G2). Moreover, the level of iNOS was reduced by 56.76%, 49.51%, 61.79%, 57.63%, and 62.44% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively, as compared to the disease control group (G2). Additionally, the level of angiotensin-II was decreased by 41.09%, 34.92%, 60.65%, 53.28%, and 60.09% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively, as compared to the G2 group. The level of CRP was decreased by 47.21%, 38.89%, 59.81%, 55.52%, and 64.02% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Besides, the level of renin was decreased by 20.27%, 20.13%, 12.99%, and 25.73% in the G5, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Overall, the data suggested significance improvement of vital functional kidney biomarkers of the Biofield Energy Treated/Blessed test formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se along with preventive measure on the animal with respect to various pathological conditions that might be beneficial various types of cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, the results showed the significant slowdown the inflammation-related cardiovascular disease progression and its complications/symptoms in the preventive Biofield Energy Treatment group per se and/or Biofield Energy Treated/Blessed Test formulation groups (viz. G6, G7, G8, and G9).

scholarly journals Maternal Angiotensin II–Induced Hypertension Sensitizes Postweaning High‐Fat Diet–Elicited Hypertensive Response Through Increased Brain Reactivity in Rat Offspring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baojian Xue ◽  
Yang Yu ◽  
Terry G. Beltz ◽  
Fang Guo ◽  
Robert B. Felder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Mean Arterial Pressure ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Sympathetic Tone ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Induced Hypertension

Background Prenatal and postnatal insults can induce a physiological state that leaves offspring later in life vulnerable to subsequent challenges (stressors) eliciting cardiometabolic diseases including hypertension. In this study, we investigated whether maternal angiotensin II–induced hypertension in rats sensitizes postweaning high‐fat diet (HFD)‐elicited hypertensive response and whether this is associated with autonomic dysfunction and altered central mechanisms controlling sympathetic tone in offspring. Methods and Results When eating a low‐lard‐fat diet, basal mean arterial pressure of male offspring of normotensive or hypertensive dams were comparable. However, HFD feeding significantly increased mean arterial pressure in offspring of normotensive and hypertensive dams, but the elevated mean arterial pressure induced by HFD was greater in offspring of hypertensive dams, which was accompanied by greater sympathetic tone and enhanced pressor responses to centrally administrated angiotensin II or leptin. HFD feeding also produced comparable elevations in cardiac sympathetic activity and plasma levels of angiotensin II, interleukin‐6, and leptin in offspring of normotensive and hypertensive dams. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analyses in key forebrain regions implicated in the control of sympathetic tone and blood pressure indicated that HFD feeding led to greater increases in mRNA expression of leptin, several components of the renin‐angiotensin system and proinflammatory cytokines in offspring of hypertensive dams when compared with offspring of normotensive dams. Conclusions The results indicate that maternal hypertension sensitized male adult offspring to HFD‐induced hypertension. Increased expression of renin‐angiotensin system components and proinflammatory cytokines, elevated brain reactivity to pressor stimuli, and augmented sympathetic drive to the cardiovascular system likely contributed.

scholarly journals Effect of Ajwa date seed powder on visceral fat depots and inflammatory response in high fat fed Sprague Dawley female rats.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 200-205
Author(s):  
Farhana Yasmin Bhatti ◽  
Fariha Ahmad Khan ◽  
Abdul Mudabbir Rehan ◽  
Zoobia Irum ◽  
Sadia Chiragh
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Date Seed ◽  
Perinephric Fat

ABSTRACT Background: Central obesity a worldwide metabolic and cosmetic problem poses significant health risk. Ajwa date seed has antioxidant property and its high fiber content may prevent fat absorption and reduce fat deposition. Objective: To evaluate the effect of Ajwa date seed powder on visceral fat depots and inflammatory response in high fat fed Sprague Dawley female rats. Methodology: Thirty-six healthy rats of four weeks age were divided into three groups and followed for 12 weeks. Group A (normal control) received regular diet. Group B (HFD control) received high fat diet, while group C (HFD+Ajwa group) received high fat diet along with 2% Ajwa date seed powder. Body weight was measured weekly. Blood sample was drawn for the estimation of serum IL-6 and leptin levels by ELISA method at 12th week. After which rats were euthanized; perinephric fat was removed and weighed in grams. Results: HFD+Ajwa group gained less body weight as compared to HFD control group (p value = 0.012). There was a remarkable reduction in perinephric fat weight (p value ≤ 0.001) and level of IL-6 in HFD+Ajwa group (p value ≤ 0.001) as compared to HFD control. There was no significant difference in serum leptin level of the rats of all groups (p value = 0.567). Conclusion: Ajwa date seed can prevent visceral adiposity and gain in body weight. Moreover, it has anti-inflammatory effect; but no significant effect on satiety hormone. Key Words: Obesity, Visceral fat, P. dactylifera L (Ajwa date) seed, IL-6, Leptin.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF OBESITY AND STATIN;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (02) ◽  
pp. 216-220
Author(s):  
Faizania Shabbir ◽  
M. Mazhar Hussain ◽  
Tausif Ahmed Rajput ◽  
Alamgir Khan
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Group I

Objectives: To observe the effect of obesity and subsequent atorvastatinadministration on MPV in high fat diet induced obese male and female Sprague Dawley rats.Study Design: Randomized control trial (RCT). Setting: Department of Physiology, Army MedicalCollege, Rawalpindi. Animal procurement and blood sampling was done at National Instituteof Health (NIH), Islamabad and biochemical assays were performed at Centre for Research inExperimental and Applied Medicine (CREAM), Army Medical College, Rawalpindi. Period: Thestudy was completed in 12 months. Material and Methods: Ninety healthy Sprague Dawley(male and female) rats were purchased and divided randomly into three equal groups. Ratsin normal control group (Group I) were given normal chow diet for three weeks. Rats in obesecontrol group (Group II) were given high fat diet for three weeks. Rats in obese treated group(Group III) were administered atorvastatin for three weeks in a dose of 10 mg/kg/day orally bygavage method after obesity induction. Terminal sampling was done at the end of the studyby intra-cardiac puncture. MPV is a part of blood complete picture that was analysed by KX 21Sysmex Hematology Analyzer. Results: High fat diet induced obesity resulted in a significant(p < 0.05) increase in MPV. The MPV was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after atorvastatinadministration. The result was comparable for both genders. Conclusions: Obesity increasesMPV and hence the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcome. Atorvastatin apart from its knownlipid lowering effect, decreases MPV and can play a beneficial role in decreasing cardiovascularmorbidity and mortality. 

The Effects of Maternal High Fat Diet on the Lingual CD36 Lipid Sensors of the Offspring Sprague Dawley Rats

Metabolism ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 154497
Author(s):  
Elif Günalan ◽  
Meyli Ezgi Karagöz ◽  
Bayram Yılmaz ◽  
Burcu Gemici
Keyword(s):  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Lipid Sensors

Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 improved brain health in aging rats via the serotonin, inflammatory and apoptosis pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-766
Author(s):  
A.I. Zaydi ◽  
L.-C. Lew ◽  
Y.-Y. Hor ◽  
M.H. Jaafar ◽  
L.-O. Chuah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dietary Strategy ◽  
Apoptosis Pathways ◽  
Insight Into

Aging processes affect the brain in many ways, ranging from cellular to functional levels which lead to cognitive decline and increased oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the potentials of Lactobacillus plantarum DR7 on brain health including cognitive and memory functions during aging and the impacts of high fat diet during a 12-week period. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into six groups: (1) young animals on normal diet (ND, (2) young animals on a high fat diet (HFD), (3) aged animals on ND, (4) aged animals on HFD, (5) aged animals on HFD and L. plantarum DR7 (109 cfu/day) and (6) aged animals receiving HFD and lovastatin. To induce ageing, all rats in group 3 to 6 were injected sub-cutaneously at 600 mg/kg/day of D-galactose daily. The administration of DR7 has reduced anxiety accompanied by enhanced memory during behavioural assessments in aged-HFD rats (P<0.05). Hippocampal concentration of all three pro-inflammatory cytokines were increased during aging but reduced upon administration of both statin and DR7. Expressions of hippocampal neurotransmitters and apoptosis genes showed reduced expressions of indoleamine dioxygenase and P53 accompanied by increased expression of TPH1 in aged- HFD rats administered with DR7, indicating potential effects of DR7 along the pathways of serotonin and oxidative senescence. This study provided an insight into potentials of L. plantarum DR7 as a prospective dietary strategy to improve cognitive functions during aging. This study provided an insight into potentials of L. plantarum DR7 as a prospective dietary strategy to improve cognitive functions during aging.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document