Steady state carbon monoxide diffusing capacity in normal females

1961 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 839-841 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Hanson ◽  
Burton S. Tabakin
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Normal Mean

The diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide was determined in 100 normal females age 20—60 years during steady state treadmill exercise. Values obtained were compared with a corresponding study in males, and it was established that when body surface area is taken into account there is no significant sex difference in DlCO. No significant decrease in diffusing capacity was seen with advancing age. Normal mean values and limits of normal for the various age groups are given. Submitted on February 8, 1961

URINARY CATECHOLAMINE EXCRETION BY HEALTHY CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
Mary L. Voorhess
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Urinary Catecholamine ◽  
Catecholamine Excretion ◽  
Daily Output ◽  
The Mean

There is increase in the daily urinary excretion of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA) with age. The mean output in micrograms per 24 hours for various age groups is as follows: birth to 1 year-DA 60.9 (± 24.3), NE 10.6 (± 3.4), E 1.3 (± 1.2), VMA 569 (± 309); 1 through 5 years—DA 124.1 (± 40.7), NE (18.8 ± 7.0), E 3.2 (± 2.7), VMA 1348 (± 433); 6 through 15 years—DA 169.3 (± 72.6), NE 37.4 (± 16.6), E 4.8 (± 2.4), VMA 2373 (± 698); over 15 years—DA 249.1 (± 74.9), NE 50.7 (± 15.7), E 7.1 (± 3.3), VMA 3192 (± 699). The studies suggest that the daily output of these compounds in the various age groups is similar when related to body surface area after infancy.

III. PULMONARY DIFFUSION

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
George R. DeMuth ◽  
William F. Howatt
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Normal Variation ◽  
Diffusing Capacity ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Lung Volumes ◽  
Mean Values

1. Equations describing the normal variation and changes with size of the diffusing capacity (rebreathing technique) for boys and girls have been obtained from 230 observations on 139 children. 2. The use of covariance analysis on the longitudinal data reduces the residual variance by about half, indicating that in children the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, Dco, grows along growth lines. This aids in finding significant deviations from the predicted in children who are followed with repeated examinations. 3. The Dco increases with growth in a manner very similar to that of the lung volumes, not only in respect to height, but also in respect to age, weight, and surface area. The ratio Dco/TLC expresses a relationship which does not vary with body size, age, or sex in these healthy individuals. Although boys and girls have the same mean values, the correlation between each individual's values from the two series is significant for boys but not for girls. 4. The constancy of the Dco/TLC during growth supports the hypothesis that the lung grows between the ages of 5 and 18 years by the addition of new air spaces rather than by enlarging the pre-existing ones.

MAXIMUM BREATHING CAPACITY AND VITAL CAPACITY OF MALE CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 659-670
Author(s):  
B. G. FERRIS ◽  
J. L. WHITTENBERGER ◽  
J. R. GALLAGHER
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Single Attribute ◽  
Standard Deviations ◽  
The Individual

Expected mean values and a range of normal values (plus or minus two standard deviations) are presented for the vital capacity and the maximum breathing capacity of male children and adolescents. It is recommended that calculations of the above values be based upon four attributes (age, height, weight, and body surface area) rather than upon a prediction deriving from a single attribute (especially in the individual who does not have a standard height and weight for his age).

Right Ventricular Volumes and Function Normalized to Body Surface Area, Age and Sex in a Large Cohort of Well-Treated Thalassemia Major without Myocardial Iron Overload

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 5293-5293
Author(s):  
Antonella Meloni ◽  
Giovanni Aquaro ◽  
Lamia Ait-Ali ◽  
Saveria Campisi ◽  
Domenico Giuseppe D'Ascola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Large Cohort ◽  
Myocardial Iron ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Abstract 5293 Introduction. Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR) has provided the opportunity to quantify right ventricular (RV) parameters with excellent reproducibility and accuracy. The role of the RV is gaining ground in thalassemia major (TM) patients and this population could experience different “normal” RV values due to chronic anemia and eventually pre-existing iron burdens. The aim of this study was to establish the ranges for normal RV volumes, mass and ejection fraction (EF) normalized to the influence of body surface area (BSA), age and sex from CMR in a large cohort of well-treated TM patients without myocardial iron overload. Methods. Among the 923 TM patients enrolled in the Myocardial Iron Overload (MIOT) network who underwent CMR for the assessment of cardiac iron overload, function and fibrosis, we selected 142 patients with no known risk factors or history of cardiac disease, normal electrocardiogram, no myocardial iron overload (all the cardiac segments with a normal T2* value) and no myocardial fibrosis. All patients had been regularly transfused and chelated since early childhood. Moreover, we studied 71 healthy subjects matched for age and sex. RV function parameters were quantitatively evaluated in a standard way by SSFP cine images using MASS® software. RV end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV) and stroke volume (SV) were normalized by body surface area (EDVI, ESVI, SVI). Results. The table shows the comparison of the CMR parameters with differentiation for sex and age in TM patients and healthy subjects and the cut-off of normality defined as mean – 2 standard deviation (SD). TM patients showed significantly lower BSA than the controls (P<0.0001). TM males (except age group 14–20 yrs) showed significantly higher RV EF compared to controls. In TM patients all LV volumes indexes were significantly larger in males than in females (P<0.0001 in all age groups). The EF was not different between the sexes. In males as well as in females the RV volumes were no significant different among the age groups, while in males the EF was significant different (P=0.004). Conclusion. In a large cohort of well-treated TM patients males showed significantly higher RV EF compared to controls. Due to the influence of BSA, sex and age, appropriate “normal” reference ranges normalized to these variables should be used to avoid misdiagnosis of cardiomyopathy in the clinical arena in TM patients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Procainamide Disposition in Obesity

1983 ◽  
Vol 17 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 516-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia B. Christoff ◽  
David R. Conti ◽  
Cartha Naylor ◽  
William J. Jusko
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Tubular Secretion ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Normal Mean ◽  
Obese Subjects

The pharmacokinetics of intravenous procainamide (PA) were studied in seven obese and seven normal subjects. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion rates of PA and its active metabolite, NAPA, were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Pharmacokinetic parameters were related to ideal body weight (IBW) and total body weight (TBW). The volume of distribution at steady state (Vssd) was similar for both groups when based per unit of IBW. Plasma clearance of PA, corrected for body surface area, was greater in obese subjects when adjusted for IBW, but similar on the basis of TBW. For its components, metabolic and renal clearance, the obese subjects showed similar metabolic clearances, but a significant increase was found in renal clearance per unit of body surface area based on both IBW (normal mean, 11.9 L/h/m2; obese, 19.0 L/h/m2) and TBW (normal mean, 11.7 L/h/m2; obese, 15.7 L/h/m2). This appears to be due to increased tubular secretion of PA in the obese group. In contrast, these subjects had lower renal clearances of NAPA. Variability in disposition of PA may, thus, be affected by patient physiology and method of parameter normalization.

scholarly journals Peritoneal membrane transport function in children receiving long-term dialysis.

1996 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 2385-2391
Author(s):  
B A Warady ◽  
S R Alexander ◽  
S Hossli ◽  
E Vonesh ◽  
D Geary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Standardized Test ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Peritoneal Membrane ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Peritoneal Equilibration Test ◽  
The Mean

Accurate characterization of peritoneal solute transport capacity in children has been hampered by a lack of standardized test mechanics and small patient numbers. A standardized peritoneal equilibration test was used to study 95 pediatric patients (mean age, 9.9 +/- 5.6 yr) receiving chronic peritoneal dialysis at 14 centers. Patients were divided into four age groups (< 1, 1 to 3, 4 to 11, 12 to 19 yr) for analysis. Each patient received a 4-h peritoneal equilibration test with an exchange volume of 1100 mL/m2 per body surface area. Dialysate to plasma (D/P) ratios for creatinine (C) and urea (U) and the ratio of dialysate glucose (G) to initial dialysate glucose concentration (D/D0) were determined. Mass transfer area coefficients (MTAC) were calculated for the three solutes and potassium (P). The mean (+/- SD) 4-h D/P ratios for C and U were 0.64 +/- 0.13 and 0.82 +/- 0.09, respectively. The mean 4-h D/D0 for G was 0.33 +/- 0.10. D/P and D/D0 ratio results were similar across age groups. Normalized (for body surface area) mean MTAC (+/- SD) values were as follows: C, 10.66 +/- 3.74; G, 12.93 +/- 5.02; U, 18.43 +/- 4.02; and P, 14.02 +/- 3.94. Whereas a comparison of the normalized MTAC values across age groups with an analysis of variance showed significant age group differences only for glucose (P = 0.001) and potassium (P = 0.036), analysis by quadratic regression demonstrated a nonlinear decrease with age for C (P = 0.016), G (P < 0.001), and P (P = 0.034). In summary, evaluation of D/P and D/D0 ratios obtained from a large group of children in a standardized manner reveals values that are similar across the pediatric age range and not unlike the results obtained in adults. In contrast, normalized MTAC values of young children are greater than the values of older children, possibly as a result of maturational changes in the peritoneal membrane or differences in the effective peritoneal membrane surface area.

scholarly journals Constitutional characteristics of the body surface area in women of different somatotypes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
K. Sh. Sakibaev
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Physical Status ◽  
Female Population

The aim of the study is to determine the features of the skin area in Kyrgyz women population in view of their constitutional groups and somatotypes.Material and methods. We studied the physical status of 1028 Kyrgyz women of different age groups – the juvenile age group (n=310), the 1st adulthood age group (n=310), and the 2nd adulthood age group (n=410) living in Osh and its neighborhood applying anthropometric and bioimpedance methods. Statistical data processing was performed by statistical programs Microsoft Excel and the package STATISTICA 6.0. The differences between the two compared values were determined by the Student's criterion and they were considered significant at p<0.05. Results. The performed study revealed the constitutional and somatotypological features of the skin area in the juvenile and both periods of adulthood in the female population. The body surface area is minimal in women of leptosomic group and maximum in megalosomic one. Somatotypological specificity is determined by the minimum value of this indicator in women of asthenic and stenoplastic types and by the maximum value in representatives of the euriplastic tall type. There is the tendency to increase the body skin area from the juvenile to the 2nd period of adulthood, which is typical for women of all somatotypes and constitutional groups. Conclusion. The area of the skin is one of the indicators of human physical development, which has somatotypological specificity in representatives of various constitutional groups of the studied women population. The presented materials on the constitutional and typological features of the women’s physical status in relative norm conditions can serve as one of the bases for further development of a personalized approach in clinical medicine.

Randomized Cross-Over Evaluation of Body-Surface Area–Based Dosing Versus Flat-Fixed Dosing of Paclitaxel

2003 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolien H. Smorenburg ◽  
Alex Sparreboom ◽  
Marijke Bontenbal ◽  
Gerrit Stoter ◽  
Kees Nooter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface Area ◽  
Body Surface ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Dose Calculation ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Wide Interindividual Variability

Purpose: Despite dose calculation using body-surface area (BSA), pharmacokinetics of most anticancer drugs show wide interindividual variability. In this study, we evaluated the role of BSA in paclitaxel disposition. Patients and Methods: Paclitaxel pharmacokinetics were prospectively studied in 12 patients that were treated in a randomized cross-over design with paclitaxel (3-hour infusion at a 3-week interval) at 175 mg/m2 in cycle 1 (A) and a flat-fixed dose of 300 mg in cycle 2 (B), or vice versa. Blood samples were collected up to 24 hours after dosing and analyzed for total and unbound paclitaxel. Results: The area under the curves (AUC) of unbound paclitaxel were similar in both dosing groups, with mean values ± SD (A v B) of 1.34 ± 0.158 versus 1.30 ± 0.329 μM•h, indicating that BSA-based dosing reduced the coefficient of variation by 53.3%. Unbound and total paclitaxel clearance was also significantly related to various body-size measures, including BSA (R ≥ 0.617; P ≤ .033), weight (R ≥ 0.621; P ≤ .031), and lean-body mass (r ≥ 0.630; P ≤ .028). We hypothesize that this is caused by the association of paclitaxel in the circulation with Cremophor EL, the distribution of which is linked to total blood volume, and thus to BSA. Conclusion: This study indicates that paclitaxel disposition is significantly related to BSA. This provides a pharmacokinetic rationale for BSA-based dosing of this drug.

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