Cerebrospinal fluid ions in metabolic acidosis in dogs: effects of acetazolamide

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 633-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Javaheri ◽  
J. Kennealy ◽  
C. D. Runck ◽  
R. G. Loudon ◽  
M. B. Pine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Metabolic Acidosis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Arterial Pco2 ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Central Nervous System

We hypothesized that, during isosmotic isonatremic HCl acidosis with maintained isocapnia in cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), acetazolamide, by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the central nervous system (CNS), should produce an isonatric hyperchloric metabolic acidosis in CSF. Blood and CSF ions and acid-base variables were measured in two groups of anesthetized and paralyzed dogs with bilateral ligation of renal pedicles during 5 h of HCl acidosis (plasma [HCO3-] = 11 meq/l). Mechanical ventilation was regulated such that arterial PCO2 dropped and CSF Pco2 remained relatively constant. In group I (control group, n = 6), CSF [Na+] remained unchanged, [HCO3-] and strong ions difference (SID) fell, respectively, 6.1 and 5 meq/l, and [Cl-] rose 3.5 meq/l after 5 h of acidosis. In acetazolamide-treated animals, (group II, n = 7), CSF [Na+] remained unchanged, [HCO3-], and SID fell 11 and 7.1 meq/l, respectively, and [Cl-] rose 7.1 meq/l. We conclude that during HCl acidosis inhibition of CNS CA by acetazolamide induces an isonatric hyperchloric metabolic acidosis in CSF, which is more severe than that observed in controls.

Effects of acetazolamide on cerebrospinal fluid ions in metabolic alkalosis in dogs

1987 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1582-1588 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Javaheri
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Metabolic Alkalosis ◽  
Renal Effects ◽  
Mechanically Ventilated ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Group Ii

We hypothesized that inhibition of carbonic anhydrase in the central nervous system by acetazolamide should limit the rise in cisternal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [HCO3-] observed in metabolic alkalosis. To test this hypothesis, isosmotic isonatremic metabolic alkalosis was produced in two groups of anesthetized, paralyzed, and mechanically ventilated dogs (8 in each group). Group II animals received 50 mg/kg of acetazolamide intravenously 1 h before induction of metabolic alkalosis of 5-h duration. Renal effects of acetazolamide were eliminated by ligation of renal pedicles. In both groups cisternal CSF [Na+] remained relatively constant during metabolic alkalosis. In group I CSF [Cl-] decreased 3.6 and 8.2 meq/l, respectively, 2.5 and 5 h after induction of metabolic alkalosis. Respective increments in CSF [HCO3-] were 3.4 and 6.0 meq/l. In acetazolamide-treated dogs, during metabolic alkalosis, increments in CSF [HCO3-] (4.8 and 7.2 meq/l, respectively, at 2.5 and 5 h) and decrements in CSF [Cl-] (9.1 and 13.3 meq/l) were greater than those observed in group I. We conclude that, in dogs with metabolic alkalosis and bilateral ligation of renal pedicles, acetazolamide impairs CSF regulation of HCO3- and Cl- ions; acetazolamide not only failed to impede HCO3- rise but actually appeared to increase it. The mechanisms for these observations are discussed.

scholarly journals Assessment of the YKL-40 concentration in patients with tick-borne encephalitis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Czupryna ◽  
Agnieszka Kulczyńka-Przybik ◽  
Barbara Mroczko ◽  
Mulugeta Wondim ◽  
Sambor Grygorczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

Abstract Background Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection of the Central Nervous System (CNS) caused by Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV). It might take several clinical courses such as: meningitis, meningoencephalitis or meningoencephalomyelitis. The aim this study was to compare the YKL-40 concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with different clinical presentations of TBE and patients with excluded meningitis (control group). Methods The concentration of YKL-40 in CSF was determined using Fujirebio tests (Ghent, Belgium) in 32 patients with TBE: group I—patients with meningoencephalitis (n = 16); group II—patients with meningitis (n = 16). The control group (CG) consisted of 17 patients in whom inflammatory process in central nervous system was excluded. Results The concentration of YKL-40 was significantly higher in encephalitis group than in CG after 7 days from the last dose of treatment. The concentration in patients with neuroinflammation had significantly different concentration of YKL-40 compared to patients with no neuroinflammation control groups. ROC curve analysis indicates that: CSF YKL-40 concentration at cut off 783.87 differentiated TBE patients from CG with 100% specificity and 70% sensitivity and CSF YKL-40 concentration at cut off 980.11 differentiated meningitis from meningoencephalitis with 87.5% specificity and 62.5% sensitivity. Conclusions YKL-40 takes part in TBE pathogenesis, its concentration is the highest at the early stage of Central Nervous System involvement and decreases in the convalescent period. As YKL-40 is significantly higher in meningitis than in meningoencephalitis, it might be used as biomarker in differentiation of these clinical forms of TBE.

scholarly journals Dosage of lactate in the cerebrospinal fluid in infectious diseases of the central nervous system

2001 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 843-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideraldo Luis Souza Cabeça ◽  
Hélio Rodrigues Gomes ◽  
Luís dos Ramos Machado ◽  
José Antonio Livramento
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Viral Meningitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fungal Meningitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System

This paper analyzes the diagnosis aid of the dosage of lactate in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in infectious diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). We analyzed prospectively 130 samples of CSF of 116 patients with diagnoses of infectious processes in the CNS. The 130 samples of CSF were divided into five groups: 28 samples of the control group, 40 of bacterial meningitis, 22 of viral meningitis, 16 of fungal meningitis and 24 of patients presenting acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). The concentration of lactate in the CSF was elevated in the group of patients with bacterial meningitis (average = 46.2 mg/dL), fungal meningitis (average = 27.3 mg/dL) and in the AIDS group (average = 23.5 mg/dL). In the control group and viral meningitis group the lactate content in the CSF presented the reference rates according to the employed method. The lactate dosage in the CSF presented a negative correlation with glycorrhachia and positive correlation with the cellularity and total proteins of the CSF. We conclude that the lactate dosage in the CSF, although unspecific, helps to distinguish the infectious processes of the CNS.

Immunological Indices in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Presenile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type

1982 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Jonker ◽  
P. Eikelenboom ◽  
P. Tavenier
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Oligoclonal Bands ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alzheimer Type ◽  
Presenile Dementia ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Electrophoretic Techniques

SummaryIn ten patients with presenile dementia of the Alzheimer type and in a control group the levels of the different immunoglobulins were determined in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and gel electrophoretic techniques used to determine possible oligoclonal bands in the gamma-globulin region. There is no indication that patients with Alzheimer disease produce immunoglobulins within the central nervous system.

THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF LEUKEMIC CHILDREN WITHOUT CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM MANIFESTATIONS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1024-1027
Author(s):  
Audrey E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Early Recurrence ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Positive Results

Fifty lumbar punctures were performed on each of three groups of leukemic children. The three categories studied were (1) those with central nervous system manifestations, (2) those free of symptoms following effective treatment, and (3) those not yet having developed central nervous system symptoms. The patients in Group I all had abnormal cerebrospinal fluid. Those examined before or between episodes referable to the central nervous system had normal findings, with rare exceptions. Positive results in the patients without symptoms almost always indicated the early recurrence of central nervous system symptoms.

scholarly journals Soluble CD4 antigens in the cerebrospinal fluid as a marker of lymphocytic infiltration of the central nervous system

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-253
Author(s):  
Miodrag Vrbic ◽  
Svetislav Vrbic ◽  
Snezana Skoric ◽  
Vesna Mihailovic ◽  
Zarko Rankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Lymphocytic Infiltration ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Cns Infections ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Soluble Cd4

Early diagnosis of the central nervous system (CNS) infections is a precondition of their successful treatment. However, the essential standard examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is sometimes neither specific enough to define their basic nature, nor sufficient to differentiate them from processes of non-infectious origin. Supposing that the released surface molecules of activated immunocompetent cells could better define the character of inflammatory reaction, the levels of soluble CD4 antigens (sCD4) were determined with enzyme-immunosorbent test in the CSF of the patients with various CNS diseases. In contrast to cerebrovascular insults toxic-metabolic, and other conditions in control group, detectable sCD4 concentrations in acute encephalitis (24 ? 11U/ml) were verified at the beginning of the disease, being also present in cytologically diagnosed normal CSF findings. They were significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to acute serous meningitis (13.5 ? 8 U/ml), while in purulent meningitis they were measurable only after the disease progression - in correlation with the disturbed brain system function. The obtained results suggested the significance of CD4 antigen levels in CSF as a sensitive and specific marker of lymphocytic infiltration of the brain parenchyma, the measurement of which could contribute to early identification of the CNS infections better understanding of their pathogenesis, and the assessment of the actual level of the destruction of neurons.

scholarly journals Assessment of the YKL-40 concentration in patients with tick-borne encephalitis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Czupryna ◽  
Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik ◽  
Barbara Mroczko ◽  
Mulugeta Wondim ◽  
Sambor Grygorczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Central Nervous System Involvement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Roc Curve Analysis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis Virus

Abstract Background Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection of the Central Nervous System (CNS) caused by Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus (TBEV). It might take several clinical courses such as: meningitis, meningoencephalitis or meningoencephalomyelitis. The aim this study was to compare the YKL-40 concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with different clinical presentations of TBE and patients with excluded meningitis (control group). Methods The concentration of YKL-40 in CSF was determined using Fujirebio tests (Ghent, Belgium) in 32 patients with TBE: group I—patients with meningoencephalitis (n = 16); group II—patients with meningitis (n = 16). The control group (CG) consisted of 17 patients in whom inflammatory process in central nervous system was excluded. Results The concentration of YKL-40 was significantly higher in encephalitis group than in CG after 7 days from the last dose of treatment. The concentration in patients with neuroinflammation had significantly different concentration of YKL-40 compared to patients with no neuroinflammation control groups. ROC curve analysis indicates that: CSF YKL-40 concentration at cut off 783.87 differentiated TBE patients from CG with 100% specificity and 70% sensitivity and CSF YKL-40 concentration at cut off 980.11 differentiated meningitis from meningoencephalitis with 87.5% specificity and 62.5% sensitivity. Conclusions YKL-40 takes part in TBE pathogenesis, its concentration is the highest at the early stage of Central Nervous System involvement and decreases in the convalescent period. As YKL-40 is significantly higher in meningitis than in meningoencephalitis, it might be used as biomarker in differentiation of these clinical forms of TBE.

CHAPTER 9: Immunology of TBEV-Infections

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Viral Infectious Disease ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV). TBE is usually a biphasic disease and in humans the virus can only be detected during the first (unspecific) phase of the disease. Pathogenesis of TBE is not well understood, but both direct viral effects and immune-mediated tissue damage of the central nervous system may contribute to the natural course of TBE. The effect of TBEV on the innate immune system has mainly been studied in vitro and in mouse models. Characterization of human immune responses to TBEV is primarily conducted in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid, due to the inaccessibility of brain tissue for sample collection. Natural killer (NK) cells and T cells are activated during the second (meningo-encephalitic) phase of TBE. The potential involvement of other cell types has not been examined to date. Immune cells from peripheral blood, in particular neutrophils, T cells, B cells and NK cells, infiltrate into the cerebrospinal fluid of TBE patients.

An Investigation of the Effects of Curcumin on the Changes in the Central Nervous System of Rats Exposed to Aroclor 1254 in the Prenatal Period

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Eray Alcigir ◽  
Halef Okan Dogan ◽  
Begum Yurdakok Dikmen ◽  
Kubra Dogan ◽  
Sevil Atalay Vural ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Aroclor 1254 ◽  
Rat Pups ◽  
Tunel Reaction ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Background & Objective: Aroclor 1254 is a widespread toxic compound of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), which can create significant nervous problems. No remedies have been found to date. The aim of this study was to reveal the damage that occurs in the central nervous system of rat pups exposed to Aroclor 1254 in the prenatal period and to show the inhibiting effect of curcumin, which is a strong anti-oxidant and neuroprotective substance. Method: The study established 3 groups of adult female and male Wistar albino rats. The rats were mated within these groups and the offspring rats were evaluated within the group given Aroclor 1254 only (n=10) and the group was given both Aroclor 1254 and curcumin (n=10) and the control group (n=10). The groups were compared in respect of pathomorphological damage. The immunohistochemical evaluation was made of 8-hydroxdeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-hydroxynoneal (4HNE), myelin basic protein (MBP) expressions and TUNEL reaction. The biochemical evaluation was made of the changes in the TAS-TOS and Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) levels. Damage was seen to have been reduced with curcumin in the 8OHdG and TUNEL reactions, especially in the forebrain and the midbrain, although the dosage applied did not significantly change TAS and TOS levels. Consequently, it was understood that Aroclor 1254 caused damage in the central nervous system of the pup in the prenatal period, and curcumin reduced these negative effects, particularly in the forebrain and the midbrain. Conclusion: It was concluded that curcumin could be a potential neuroprotective agent and would be more effective at higher doses.

scholarly journals Development of the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Early Stage after Hemorrhage in the Central Nervous System

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Petr Kelbich ◽  
Aleš Hejčl ◽  
Jan Krejsek ◽  
Tomáš Radovnický ◽  
Inka Matuchová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Extravasation of blood in the central nervous system (CNS) represents a very strong damaged associated molecular patterns (DAMP) which is followed by rapid inflammation and can participate in worse outcome of patients. We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 139 patients after the CNS hemorrhage. We compared 109 survivors (Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) 5-3) and 30 patients with poor outcomes (GOS 2-1). Statistical evaluations were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Almost the same numbers of erythrocytes in both subgroups appeared in days 0–3 (p = 0.927) and a significant increase in patients with GOS 2-1 in days 7–10 after the hemorrhage (p = 0.004) revealed persistence of extravascular blood in the CNS as an adverse factor. We assess 43.3% of patients with GOS 2-1 and only 27.5% of patients with GOS 5-3 with low values of the coefficient of energy balance (KEB < 15.0) in days 0–3 after the hemorrhage as a trend to immediate intensive inflammation in the CNS of patients with poor outcomes. We consider significantly higher concentration of total protein of patients with GOS 2-1 in days 0–3 after hemorrhage (p = 0.008) as the evidence of immediate simultaneously manifested intensive inflammation, swelling of the brain and elevation of intracranial pressure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document