Human whole-blood O2 affinity: effect of CO2

1988 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 2400-2409 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kwant ◽  
B. Oeseburg ◽  
A. Zwart ◽  
W. G. Zijlstra
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Base Excess ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Order Term ◽  
Human Whole Blood ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Bohr Factor ◽  
Influence Of Ph ◽  
Good Agreement

The proton Bohr factor (phi H = alpha log PO2/alpha pH), the carbamate Bohr factor (phi C = alpha log PO2/alpha log PCO2), the total Bohr factor (phi HC = d log PO2/dpH[base excess) and the CO2 buffer factor (d log PCO2/dpH) were determined in the blood of 12 healthy donors over the whole O2 saturation (SO2) range. All three Bohr factors proved to be dependent on SO2, although to a lesser extent than reported in some of the recent literature. At SO2 = 50% and 37 degrees C, we found phi H = -0.428 +/- 0.010 (SE), phi C = 0.054 +/- 0.006, and phi HC = -0.488 +/- 0.007. The values obtained for phi H, phi C, and d log PCO2/dpH were used to calculate phi HC. Calculated and measured values of phi HC proved to be in good agreement. In an additional series of 12 specimens of human blood we determined the influence of PCO2 on phi H and the influence of pH on phi C. At SO2 = 50%, phi H varied from -0.49 +/- 0.009 at PCO2 = 15 Torr to -0.31 +/- 0.010 at PCO2 = 105 Torr and phi C from 0.157 +/- 0.015 at pH = 7.80 to 0.006 +/- 0.009 at pH = 7.00. When on the basis of these data a second-order term is taken into account, a still slightly better agreement between measured and calculated values of phi HC can be attained.

scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS ON THE PHAGOCYTOSIS OF THE PNEUMOCOCCUS BY HUMAN WHOLE BLOOD

1930 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 675-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh K. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Type I ◽  
Human Whole Blood ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Considerable Range

1. The phagocytic titre of whole human blood against the three types of pneumococcus was determined in a number of individuals. The titre varied over a considerable range in different subjects. 2. Contrary to expectation, the titre in early cases of untreated pneumonia was quite high against the infecting organism, pointing to a local rather than a general lowering of resistance in infection with this organism. 3. Sia's work was confirmed, that the specific carbohydrate has a specific anti-phagocytic action on the blood. This action is more marked in the case of Type III than in Type I.

Metabolism of 75Se-selenite by human whole blood in vitro

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 791-797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melvin Lee ◽  
Alice Dong ◽  
Joyce Yano
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Release Rate ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Human Whole Blood ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Altered Form

When 75Se, as selenite, is added to human blood it is rapidly taken up by the cells (50–70% within 1–2 min) and is then released into the plasma so that most of the radioactivity is in the plasma by 15–20 min. Uptake is inhibited by 10−3 M cyanide. The release of radioactivity from the cells is inhibited by 10−3 M para-chloromercuribenzoate and by 10−3 M iodoacetamide, although these agents do not affect uptake. Azide and 2,4-dinitrophenol (at 10−3 M) do not affect either process. Large quantities of sulfite, sulfate, and selenate (1000 times as much S or Se as 75Se) do not affect uptake or release, but large amounts of selenite (1000 times) inhibit release. The release rate follows first-order kinetics and increases with temperature. 75Se released from cells is bound by a plasma protein but can be removed from the protein by treatment with cysteine. Studies suggest that the released selenium is in an altered form or state, although this product has not been characterized. A hypothetical pathway for the metabolism of selenium is presented to account for the observations.

Human whole-blood oxygen affinity: effect of temperature

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Zwart ◽  
G. Kwant ◽  
B. Oeseburg ◽  
W. G. Zijlstra
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Heat Evolution ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Human Whole Blood ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Blood Oxygen Affinity ◽  
O2 Dissociation Curve

phe effect of temperature changes on human whole-blood O2 affinity was measured in the blood of six healthy donors over almost the entire O2 saturation (SO2) range (1–99%). The results showed that temperature has no influence on the shape of the O2 dissociation curve, implying that the temperature coefficient (delta log PO2/delta T) is independent of SO2. Simultaneous measurements of the total (proton) Haldane factor (delta[HbH]/[delta HbO2]) at the five temperatures under study (22, 27, 32, 37, and 42 degrees C) revealed that this factor depends on temperature. The liberation of protons from hemoglobin appeared to be linear with respect to changes in SO2. We therefore conclude that the (proton) Bohr factor (H+ factor) is dependent on temperature over the entire SO2 range in the same way as previously described for SO2 = 50%. The exothermic oxygenation reaction in whole blood was accompanied by a heat evolution (delta HO2) of 42.7 kJ/mol (monomeric) hemoglobin.

Effect of macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF-RF) upon ex vivo polarization of macrophages, activation of dendritic cells and production of cytokines by human whole blood cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-274
Author(s):  
S. S. Kirikovich ◽  
E. V. Levites ◽  
E. V. Dolgova ◽  
A. S. Proskurina ◽  
G. S. Ritter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Whole Blood ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Final Maturation ◽  
Whole Blood Cells

This article is the second communication in a series of articles devoted to the effects of a domestic preparation of macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF-RF) and assessment of its biological properties. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the GcMAF-RF upon M0 → M1 polarization of macrophages (Mph), and activation of the professional properties of ex vivo generated antigen-presenting dendritic cells (DC), as well as on ex vivo production of pro-inflammatory (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IFNγ, IL-17, IL-18) and anti-inflammatory (TGF-β, IL-4, IL-10) cytokines, growth factors (IL-2, GM-CSF, G-CSF, VEGF) and chemokines (MCP, IL-8) by the whole blood cells from healthy donors. Mph and DC were generated from the monocytes (3 to 5×106 /ml) derived from adherent fraction of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) of healthy donors. Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) was used to obtain Mph, whereas DC production was induced by GM-CSF and interferon-α. To provide M1 polarizing signals, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS from E. coli 0114:B4) was used in controls. In experimental series, GcMAF-RF was added 48 h before the end of culture. The stimulating effect of the obtained Mph and DC upon cell proliferation was assessed in allogeneic mixed culture of leukocytes (alloMLC) using radiometric technique, by 3 H-thymidine incorporation. The influence index (IR) of Mph or DC upon allo-SCL was calculated as the ratio of the proliferative response of MNCs in the presence of Mph, or DC to the level of spontaneous MNC proliferation. To determine the cytokine production by human whole blood cells ex vivo, peripheral blood samples from 3 donors with two replicate GcMAF-RF preparations were used, at a total of 6 points. All variants of the study were carried out with mitogen-activated and non-activated blood cells. The cytokine content was determined by the ELISA assays. The effects of GcMAF-RF were quantified as a fold increase (FI), i.e., the ratio of cytokine production in the presence of GcMAF-RF to the level of their spontaneous production. It was shown that the GcMAF-RF preparation was as effective, as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the standard Mph and DC activator which induces polarization of differentiated M0-macrophages into M1 cells and final maturation of DCs, manifesting by a significant increase in their allo-stimulatory activity in a mixed leukocyte culture (allo-MLC). Moreover, GcMAF-RF stimulates production of numerous cytokines and chemokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, IL-4, IL-10, GM-CSF, G-CSF, VEGF, IL-8), by blood cells (granulocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes), thus indicating direct participation of the macrophage activator GcMAF-RF in various immune processes. The domestic GcMAF-RF drug induces polarization of macrophages M0 → M1, final maturation of DCs and allostimulating activity of Mf and DCs, and is also able to effectively stimulate circulating blood cells to synthesize cytokines/chemokines with pro-inflammatory and immunoregulatory activities. 

scholarly journals Factor H-Binding Protein Is Important for Meningococcal Survival in Human Whole Blood and Serum and in the Presence of the Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 292-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Seib ◽  
D. Serruto ◽  
F. Oriente ◽  
I. Delany ◽  
J. Adu-Bobie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Electrostatic Interactions ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Factor H ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Human Whole Blood ◽  
Mutant Strains

ABSTRACT Factor H-binding protein (fHBP; GNA1870) is one of the antigens of the recombinant vaccine against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis, which has been developed using reverse vaccinology and is the basis of a meningococcal B vaccine entering phase III clinical trials. Binding of factor H (fH), an inhibitor of the complement alternative pathway, to fHBP enables N. meningitidis to evade killing by the innate immune system. All fHBP null mutant strains analyzed were sensitive to killing in ex vivo human whole blood and serum models of meningococcal bacteremia with respect to the isogenic wild-type strains. The fHBP mutant strains of MC58 and BZ83 (high fHBP expressors) survived in human blood and serum for less than 60 min (decrease of >2 log10 CFU), while NZ98/254 (intermediate fHBP expressor) and 67/00 (low fHBP expressor) showed decreases of >1 log10 CFU after 60 to 120 min of incubation. In addition, fHBP is important for survival in the presence of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 (decrease of >3 log10 CFU after 2 h of incubation), most likely due to electrostatic interactions between fHBP and the cationic LL-37 molecule. Hence, the expression of fHBP by N. meningitidis strains is important for survival in human blood and human serum and in the presence of LL-37, even at low levels. The functional significance of fHBP in mediating resistance to the human immune response, in addition to its widespread distribution and its ability to induce bactericidal antibodies, indicates that it is an important component of the serogroup B meningococcal vaccine.

Effect of carbon monoxide on equilibrium between oxygen and hemoglobin

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (2) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Okada ◽  
I Tyuma ◽  
Y Ueda ◽  
T Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Oxygen Affinity ◽  
Hill Coefficient ◽  
Human Whole Blood ◽  
Oxygen Dissociation ◽  
Dissociation Curves ◽  
The Hill ◽  
Good Agreement

Oxygen dissociation curves of partially CO-saturated human whole blood drawn freshly or preserved more than 3 wk were studied. With increasing CO-hemoglobin concentrations, oxygen affinity of the blood increased and the Hill coefficient, n, fell and gradually approached unity. The changes induced by CO-hemoglobin showed practically no difference in the presence or absence of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. The Bohr coefficient, deltalog P50/deltapH, was determined as a function of oxygen saturation for various concentrations of CO-hemoglobin. The coefficient remained essentially unchanged in the presence of CO-hemoglobin. In the presence of less than 50% CO-hemoglobin, a good agreement was observed between the observed oxygen dissociation curves and the curves calculated according to Roughton and Darling (Am. J. Physiol. 141: 17-31, 1944). Based on these results, physiological implications of carboxyhemoglobinemia are discussed quantitatively in comparison with methemoglobinemia.

Microcoulometric Determination of Organochlorine Pesticides in Human Blood

1974 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-603
Author(s):  
Francis D Griffith ◽  
Robert V Blanke
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Human Whole Blood ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Method ◽  
Made In

Abstract Improvements in the microcoulometric halogen system allow analysis of as little as 1 ppb chlorinated pesticides with specificity and linearity. Modifications were made in the sulfuric acid method of extracting pesticides from human whole blood to obtain recovery of 24 pesticides and 7 industrial chemicals. Recovery data were tabulated. Retention time and response tables for OV-210 and SE-30/QF-1 columns were prepared for these compounds, using the microcoulometric detector.

scholarly journals OBSERVATIONS ON THE PHAGOCYTOSIS OF THE PNEUMOCOCCUS BY HUMAN WHOLE BLOOD

1930 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh K. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Human Blood ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Type I ◽  
Soluble Substance ◽  
Human Whole Blood ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Serum Therapy

1. In vitro phagocytic experiments with human blood, antipneumococcus serum, pneumococcus specific soluble substance, and living virulent pneumococci show that there is a definite phagocytic inhibition zone when strong antiserum is used. 2. If the antiserum is further diluted, there is a zone where phagocytosis is effective. If the serum is diluted still more, phagocytosis gradually falls off, as the very dilute antiserum fails to neutralize the specific carbohydrate, which has a specific antiphagocytic action. 3. The inhibition zone is apparently caused by the specific precipitate (formed by the antiserum and the specific carbohydrate) interfering, perhaps mechanically, with the ingestion of the pneumococci by the leucocytes. 4. The inhibition zone is better marked with Type III than with Type I pneumococcus. 5. As the concentration of antiserum in the zone of effective phagocytosis in vitro does not correspond with the concentration of antiserum generally used in vivo in the serum therapy of pneumonia, this question is discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis of IL-6 and IL-1β release in cryopreserved pooled human whole blood stimulated with endotoxin

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 316-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing He ◽  
Hua Gao ◽  
Li-ming Xu ◽  
Yan Lu ◽  
Chong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Human Whole Blood ◽  
Lower Variation ◽  
Infection Parameters ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

To overcome the lack of availability of fresh human whole blood for pyrogen detection, we explored the feasibility of utilizing cryopreserved pooled human blood to detect the responses of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β to LPS. Whole blood was obtained from five donors and incubated with LPS. The quantities of pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured using ELISA, and the results were compared among the samples. After the blood was cryopreserved with Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (10% v/v) and stored for 4 mo at –196℃, the detection limits of the IL-6/IL-1β responses to LPS were 0.2/0.4 endotoxin units (EU)/ml, respectively, and IL-6/IL-1β release increased in response to LPS in a dose-dependent manner. When these experiments were performed in three separate laboratories, the within-laboratory reproducibility of the IL-6/IL-1β responses was 100%/86.7%, 93.3%/100%, and 86.7%/80%, and the inter-laboratory reproducibility was 92.9%/85.7%, 64.3%/63.6%, and 57.1%/66.7%, respectively. The sensitivity (the probability of correctly classifying positive samples) and specificity (the probability of correctly classifying negative samples) of the IL-6/IL-1β tests were 81.7%/82.5% and 100%/100%, respectively. The results of this study suggest that cryopreserved pooled blood is a convenient and viable alternative for evaluating in vitro pyrogenicity. Additionally, maintaining cryopreserved pooled blood promotes safety for the user because it is released only after pretesting for infection parameters and has lower variation than fresh donations from a variety of donors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document