Distribution of surfactant and ventilation in surfactant-treated preterm lambs

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ueda ◽  
M. Ikegami ◽  
E. D. Rider ◽  
A. H. Jobe
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Surfactant-deficient ventilated preterm lambs were treated with 100 mg/kg of surfactant radiolabeled with microspheres at 30 min and 2.5 h of age to evaluate the effect of treatment technique on surfactant distribution. The treatments were four positions with four boluses (bolus 4), two lateral positions with two boluses (bolus 2), or a 30-min infusion (infusion). The bolus groups had uniform surfactant distributions to the > 100 pieces analyzed for each lung. Infusion resulted in a very nonuniform surfactant distribution (P < 0.01). Surfactant was recovered equivalently in all lobes of the bolus groups, whereas infusion lungs contained surfactant preferentially in upper lobes (P < 0.01). The second dose of surfactant localized into the same lung doses as the first dose (P < 0.001). Blood flow increased proportionately to surfactant content in the bolus groups. With infusion, blood flow decreased and ventilation measured with 99Tc-labeled aerosol increased to pieces of lung receiving large amounts of the infusion surfactant, suggesting that localized overinflation was likely. Physiological measurements indicated better responses to bolus treatments, although the infusion lambs did improve. These results indicate that different treatment techniques can have large effects on surfactant distributions.

scholarly journals Removal of Toxic Elements and Microbial Contaminants from Groundwater Using Low-Cost Treatment Options

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana A. Da’ana ◽  
Nabil Zouari ◽  
Mohammad Y. Ashfaq ◽  
Mohammed Abu-Dieyeh ◽  
Majeda Khraisheh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Groundwater Treatment ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Cost Treatment ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Microbial Contaminants

Abstract Purpose of Review This paper reviews various low-cost treatment techniques such as adsorption, permeable reactive barrier, and biological techniques for the simultaneous removal of chemical and microbial contaminants from groundwater and discusses treatment mechanisms of different treatment techniques. This paper also discusses the challenges of groundwater treatment, how to choose the appropriate treatment technique, and cost analysis of groundwater treatment. Recent Findings Various treatment technologies have been used for the treatment of groundwater: physical, chemical, and biological technologies with different success rates. In the literature, various adsorbents have been successfully synthesized from low-cost and environmentally friendly materials. Adsorption is considered an efficient treatment technique for the removal of both toxic elements and pathogens by utilizing different adsorbents. For example, the nanostructures of MgO with a BET surface area of up to 171 m2/g obtained a very high adsorption capacity of 29,131 mg/g for fluoride ions in water, while the incorporation of iron in activated carbon has improved its adsorption capacity to 51.3 mg/g for arsenic. Moreover, certain adsorbents have shown the capability to remove 99% of the rotavirus and adenovirus from groundwater. Summary Groundwater resources are contaminated with toxic metals and pathogens. Therefore, water treatment technologies should be evaluated for their efficiency to remove such contaminants. Determination of the most cost-effective and efficient treatment technique is not an easy task and requires the understanding of various aspects such as the contaminants present in water, the reuse options considered, and cost analysis of the treatment technique.

Antiadrenergic and Antihistaminic Therapy in Hemorrhagic Shock in Dog and Rat

1956 ◽  
Vol 186 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jacob ◽  
Edward W. Friedman ◽  
Sabin Levenson ◽  
Philip Glotzer ◽  
H. A. Frank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Survival Period ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Antihistaminic Drugs

The influence of pretreatment with dibenamine on the development and course of hemorrhagic shock, and the effect of treatment with dibenamine, rapidly acting antiadrenergic drugs, or antihistaminic drugs after hemorrhagic shock had been allowed to become unresponsive to replacement transfusion, were tested in dogs prepared in advance to permit measurement of portal-caval venous pressure gradient. Preliminary dibenamine administration was also tested in rats submitted to hemorrhagic shock. The conclusions were as follows: 1) The protective effect of dibenamine prior to the induction of hemorrhagic shock in the dog consists mainly of a reduction of the bleeding volume. Intrahepatic vasoconstriction is not reduced. A dog which is not under the influence of dibenamine can tolerate a greater degree of blood loss than a dibenaminized dog. After hemorrhagic shock has been allowed to become refractory to replacement transfusion, antiadrenergic and antihistaminic drugs do not reduce intrahepatic vasoconstriction or increase the survival period or the survival rate. 2) Dibenamine given prior to hemorrhage enables the rat to survive a degree of blood loss which is lethal to the untreated rat. This, in part, appears to be due to better blood flow to the respiratory center.

scholarly journals Treatment of Children with Chemical Burns of Esophagus with Various Etiology

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
A. E. Stryukovsky ◽  
V. A. Tarakanov ◽  
V. M. Starchenko ◽  
N. V. Pilipenko ◽  
V. M. Nadgeriev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Esophageal Stenosis ◽  
Endoscopic Examination ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Chemical Burns ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Treat Ment

Background At present continuous growth of pathology after chemical burns of the esophagus (CBE) in children is observed. The lack of uniform statistical infor-mation about this pathology in domestic and foreign literature considerably complicates studying of that nosology. The purpose of the present study is optimization of treat-ment techniques in children with chemical burns of the esophagus with various etiology and generalization of our own experience of treatment in this contin-gent of patients. Material and Methods We have analyzed treatment techniques in 147 children with CBE with various etiology and severity for last decade. The gen-eral method of diagnosis was esophago-gastroscopy performed within the first day of hospitalization. Endoscopic examination showed following stages of CBE: I stage in 36 patients, II stage in 67 cases and 44 patients had III stage. Results In children with I stage CBE erosive inflammatory process was controlled by conservative therapy in 10-14 days. This cohort of patients from 3-4 day of disease was considered outpatient. Patients with II stage CBE erosive inflammatory changes were treated by complex therapy on 21-23 day. There were surgical complications observed. Patients with III stage CBE referred in most severe condition. Length of conservative treatment for erosive inflammatory process was 1 month. In this group of patients we observed complications in 24 cases (16.3%) and bougienage was performed according to different techniques. Duration of bougienage varied from 3 to 24 months. Later on all children wereobserved out-patiently according to the place of residence. Conclusions Performed therapy should be complex and differentiated re-garding the severity of trauma. Complex treatment technique designed in our hospital is quite efficient and could be recommended for clinical application. All children suffered from CBE are to be followed up regularly. Preventive medical check-up should include endoscopic examination, once every three months to avoid possible esophageal stenosis development. Preventive treatment for esophagitis is mandatory during the period of preventive medical check-up.

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT TODAY AND TOMORROW

1994 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Pols ◽  
G. H. Harmsen
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis ◽  
Made In

The way we treat our wastewater nowadays is not always favourable for improving the quality of our environment. Indeed, the quality of the surface waters has increased by the high investments we have made in our treatment facilities, but it cannot be denied that these same facilities have a major impact on other environmental issues. From ibis point of view the question is raised as to which treatment techniques are favourable not only for the water phase, but also from the viewpoint of energy, waste production and renewal of resources. Over thirty techniques, all of them chemical/physical treatment techniques, have been reviewed, especially for the treatment of industrial wastewaters. More importantly, these techniques have been analysed thoroughly in a multi-criteria-analysis, not only for their environmental impacts, but also on criteria influencing the implementation of these techniques. From ibis multi-criteria-analysis the most favourable treatment technique to be developed and implemented may be chosen.

scholarly journals Transient Monocular Blindness

1977 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.T. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Surgical Correction ◽  
Cerebral Vessels ◽  
Retinal Blood Flow ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Transient Monocular Blindness ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Retinal Emboli

SUMMARY:This paper is a review of the causes of intermittent monocular blindness. The nature of cholesterol and platelet retinal emboli is discussed. Their sources, the frequency with which they may cause transient or fixed blindness and the association between these emboli and pathology of the major cerebral vessels and other organs is discussed.Consideration is given to the equally important abnormalities of platelet behavior and to some of the physiology of retinal blood flow and non-embolic blindness.The current treatment of this symptom may be anticoagulation, surgical correction of a stenotic artery or both. The effect of treatment is unpredictable and in some situations the rationale is suspect.This review may provide a summary on which to base future studies of the effectiveness of various therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Imagery Rescripting and Exposure in Social Anxiety: A Randomized Trial Comparing Treatment Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Knutsson ◽  
Jan-Erik Nilsson ◽  
Åsa Eriksson ◽  
Linda Järild
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Randomized Trial ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Exposure Condition ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Imagery Condition ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Imagery Rescripting

AbstractThis randomized trial compared the effects of imagery rescripting against in vivo exposure administered separately during a single session with 27 socially anxious individuals. Previous research shows that imagery rescripting is a promising treatment technique for various disorders including social anxiety, although imagery rescripting and exposure for social anxiety have not yet been compared. Social anxiety self-report measures (LSAS-SR and BFNE-II); the distress, vividness, and frequency of fear images (i.e., Imagery condition); and the levels of anxiety, avoidance, and the strength of convictions of a feared social situation (i.e., exposure condition) were rated at baseline, before treatment, and after a 2- and 4-week follow up period. Both treatment groups improved significantly on all measures pre- to post treatment and the effects largely remained at the 4-week follow-up. No significant differences between the treatment groups were found on the anxiety measures. The results suggest that either a single session of imagery rescripting or of exposure are effective in reducing social anxiety, and that both treatment techniques, even when administered in a single session, reduces social anxiety.

Effect of Heat Treatment Technique on the Low Temperature Impact Toughness of Steel EQ70 for Offshore Structure

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 825-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Fen Tao ◽  
Yun-Jin Xia ◽  
Fu-Ming Wang ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Ding-Dong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Treatment Technique ◽  
Offshore Structure ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Temperature Impact ◽  
Low Temperature Impact Toughness ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

AbstractCircle quenching and tempering (CQ&T), intercritical quenching and tempering (IQ&T) and regular quenching and tempering (Q&T) were used to study the influence of heat treatment techniques on the low temperature impact toughness of steel EQ70 for offshore structure. The steels with 2.10 wt. % Ni (steel A) and 1.47 wt. % Ni (steel B) were chosen to analyze the effect of Ni content on the low temperature impact toughness of steel EQ70 for offshore structure. The fracture morphologies were examined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, JSM-6480LV), and microstructures etched by 4 vol. % nitric acid were observed on a type 9XB-PC optical microscope. The results show that the impact toughness of steel A is higher than that of steel B at the same test temperature and heat treatment technique. For steel B, the energy absorbed is, in descending order, CQ&T, Q&T and IQ&T, while for steel A, that is CQ&T, IQ&T and Q&T. The effects of heat treatment on the low temperature impact toughness are different for steels A and B, the absorbed energy changes more obviously for steel A. The results can be significant references for actual heat treatment techniques in steel plant.

The effect of treatment techniques on the volume of small bowel in the pelvic radiotherapy fields

2001 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. S208
Author(s):  
A.N. Demiral ◽  
A. Yildirim ◽  
F. Obuz ◽  
H. Vidinlioǧlu ◽  
H. Hasçakir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Pelvic Radiotherapy ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

scholarly journals Effect of Treatment with Cyanidin-3-O-β-D-Glucoside on Rat Ischemic/Reperfusion Brain Damage

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Di Giacomo ◽  
Rosaria Acquaviva ◽  
Rosa Santangelo ◽  
Valeria Sorrenti ◽  
Luca Vanella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Ischemia ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Cysteine Synthase ◽  
Postischemic Reperfusion ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Common Carotid Arteries

This study investigated the effect of cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside on an experimental model of partial/transient cerebral ischemia in the rats in order to verify the effectiveness of both pre- and posttreatments. Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside-pretreated rats were injected with 10 mg/Kg i.p. 1 h before the induction of cerebral ischemia; in posttreated rats, the same dosage was injected during reperfusion (30 min after restoring blood flow). Cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral clamping of common carotid arteries for 20 min. Ischemic rats were sacrificed immediately after 20 min ischemia; postischemic reperfused animals were sacrificed after 3 or 24 h of restoring blood flow. Results showed that treatment with cyanidin increased the levels of nonproteic thiol groups after 24 h of postischemic reperfusion, significantly reduced the lipid hydroperoxides, and increased the expression of heme oxygenase andγ-glutamyl cysteine synthase; a significant reduction in the expression of neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthases and the equally significant increase in the endothelial isoform were observed. Significant modifications were also detected in enzymes involved in metabolism of endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide. Most of the effects were observed with both pre- and posttreatments with cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside suggesting a role of anthocyanin in both prevention and treatment of postischemic reperfusion brain damage.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document