Effect of resistance training on muscle use during exercise

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 1675-1681 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Ploutz ◽  
P. A. Tesch ◽  
R. L. Biro ◽  
G. A. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Image Contrast ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mr Image ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neural Factors ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Right ◽  
Control Exercise

This study examined the effect of resistance training on exercise-induced contrast shift in magnetic resonance (MR) images. It was hypothesized that a given load could be lifted after training with less muscle showing contrast shift, thereby suggesting less muscle was used to perform the exercise. Nine males trained the left quadriceps femoris (QF) muscle 2 days/wk for 9 wk using 3–6 sets of 12 knee extensions each day. The right QF served as a “control.” Exercise-induced contrast shifts in MR images evoked by each of three bouts of exercise (5 sets of 10 knee extensions with a load equal to 50, 75, and 100% of the maximum pretraining load that could be lifted for 5 sets of 10 repetitions) were quantified pre- and posttraining. MR image contrast shift was quantified by determining QF cross-sectional area (CSA) showing increased spin-spin relaxation time. One repetition maximum increased 14% in the left trained QF and 7% in the right untrained QF. Left QF CSA increased 5%, with no change in right QF CSA. Left QF CSA showing contrast shift was less after each bout of the exercise test posttraining. This was also true, to a lesser extent, for the right QF at the higher two loads. The results suggest that short-term resistance training reduces MR image contrast shift evoked by a given effort, thereby reflecting the use of less muscle to lift the load. Because this response was evident in both trained and contralateral untrained muscle, neural factors are suggested to be responsible.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Effect of unweighting on skeletal muscle use during exercise

1995 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Ploutz-Snyder ◽  
P. A. Tesch ◽  
D. J. Crittenden ◽  
G. A. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Muscle Group ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris Muscle ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Right ◽  
Femoris Muscle

Exercise-induced spin-spin relaxation time (T2) shifts in magnetic resonance (MR) images were used to test the hypothesis that more muscle would be used to perform a given submaximal task after 5 wk of unweighting. Before and after unilateral lower limb suspension (ULLS), 7 subjects performed 5 sets of 10 unilateral concentric actions with the quadriceps femoris muscle group (QF) at each of 4 loads: 25, 40, 55, and 70% of maximum. T2-weighted MR images of the thigh were collected at rest and after each relative load. ULLS elicited a 20% decrease in strength of the left unweighted QF and a 14% decrease in average cross-sectional area (CSA) with no changes in the right weight-bearing QF. Average CSA of the left or right QF showing exercise-induced T2 shift increased as a function of exercise intensity both before and after ULLS. On average, 12 +/- 1, 15 +/- 2, 18 +/- 2, and 22 +/- 1 cm2 of either QF showed elevated T2 for the 25, 40, 55, and 70% loads, respectively, before ULLS. Average CSA of the left but not the right QF, showing elevated T2 after ULLS, was increased to 16 +/- 2, 23 +/- 3, 31 +/- 7, and 39 +/- 5 cm2, respectively. The results indicated that unweighting increased exercise-induced T2 shift in MR images, presumably due to greater muscle mass involvement in exercise after than before unweighting, suggesting a change in motor control.

Dynamic changes in white matter microstructure in anorexia nervosa: findings from a longitudinal study

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (09) ◽  
pp. 1555-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina von Schwanenflug ◽  
Dirk K. Müller ◽  
Joseph A. King ◽  
Franziska Ritschel ◽  
Fabio Bernardoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Images ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Weight Restoration ◽  
Underweight Patients ◽  
The Right

AbstractBackgroundGray matter (GM) ‘pseudoatrophy’ is well-documented in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), but changes in white matter (WM) are less well understood. Here we investigated the dynamics of microstructural WM brain changes in AN patients during short-term weight restoration in a combined longitudinal and cross-sectional study design.MethodsDiffusion-weighted images were acquired in young AN patients before (acAN-Tp1, n = 56) and after (acAN-Tp2, n = 44) short-term weight restoration as well as in age-matched healthy controls (HC, n = 60). Images were processed using Tract-Based-Spatial-Statistics to compare fractional anisotropy (FA) across groups and timepoints.ResultsIn the cross-sectional comparison, FA was significantly reduced in the callosal body in acAN-Tp1 compared with HC, while no differences were found between acAN-Tp2 and HC. In the longitudinal arm, FA increased with weight gain in acAN-Tp2 relative to acAN-Tp1 in large parts of the callosal body and the fornix, while it decreased in the right corticospinal tract.ConclusionsOur findings reveal that dynamic, bidirectional changes in WM microstructure in young underweight patients with AN can be reversed with brief weight restoration therapy. These results parallel those previously observed in GM and suggest that alterations in WM in non-chronic AN are also state-dependent and rapidly reversible with successful intervention.

Muscle strength and hypertrophy occur independently of protein supplementation during short-term resistance training in untrained men

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
pp. 797-802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carleigh H. Boone ◽  
Jeffrey R. Stout ◽  
Kyle S. Beyer ◽  
David H. Fukuda ◽  
Jay R. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Muscle Size ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Muscle Morphology ◽  
Leg Extension

Short-term resistance training has consistently demonstrated gains in muscular strength, but not hypertrophy. Post-resistance training protein ingestion is posited to augment the acute anabolic stimulus, thus potentially accelerating changes in muscle size and strength. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of 4 weeks of resistance training with protein supplementation on strength and muscle morphology changes in untrained men. Participants (mean ± SD; N = 18; age, 22.0 ± 2.5 years; body mass index, 25.1 ± 5.4 kg·m−2) were randomly assigned to a resistance training + protein group (n = 9; whey (17 g) + colostrum (3 g) + leucine (2 g)) or a resistance training + placebo group (n = 9). One-repetition maximum (1RM) strength in the leg press (LP) and leg extension (LE) exercises, maximal isometric knee extensor strength (MVIC), and muscle morphology (thickness (MT), cross-sectional area (CSA), pennation angle) of the dominant rectus femoris (RF) and vastus lateralis (VL) was assessed before and after training. Participants performed LP and LE exercises (3 × 8–10; at 80% 1RM) 3 days/week for 4 weeks. Data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA with repeated measures. Four weeks of resistance training resulted in significant increases in LP (p < 0.001), LE (p < 0.001), MVIC (p < 0.001), RF MT (p < 0.001), RF CSA (p < 0.001), VL MT (p < 0.001), and VL CSA (p < 0.001). No between-group differences were observed. Although nutrition can significantly affect training adaptations, these results suggest that short-term resistance training augments muscle strength and size in previously untrained men with no additive benefit from postexercise protein supplementation.

Effects of Short-Term Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Morphology in the Elderly

2000 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E.T. O’Neill ◽  
Robert E. Thayer ◽  
Albert W. Taylor ◽  
Tomasz M. Dzialoszynski ◽  
Earl G. Noble
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Peak Torque ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Cross Sectional

Ten moderately active participants (8 women, 2 men; mean age 66.3 ± 1.2 years), engaged in 8 weeks of isotonic knee-extensor resistance training. Afterward, peak torque output (180°/s) and mean power increased 30.8% and 27.2%, respectively, in the experimental limb (EL). A moderate, nonsignificant cross-over training effect was observed in the contralateral untrained limb (CL) for the same measures. Whereas mean fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) was unaltered in the CL by training. Fiber Types I and lib in the EL displayed increased CSA. However, mean CSAs for all fiber types in the trained EL were no larger (p > .05) than those observed in the CL before or after training. There were no significant changes in muscle-fiber-type composition, the proportion of Type I myosin heavy chain, or Type Ha CSA. These data suggest that short-term resistance training can significantly increase isokinctic peak torque in the elderly, with minimal changes in the histochemical and biochemical parameters examined.

scholarly journals Radiologic Features of Papillary Carcinoma in the Second Branchial Cleft Cyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 295-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Tae Hong ◽  
Ki Hwan Hong
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Medial Part ◽  
Lateral Neck ◽  
Branchial Cleft Cyst ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Mr Image ◽  
Radiological Features ◽  
Second Branchial Cleft Cyst ◽  
Branchial Cleft ◽  
The Right

Clinically, it may be very difficult to differentiate between benign branchial cleft cyst (BCC) and malignant BCC with papillary carcinoma preoperatively. Radiological features were reviewed retrospectively between benign BCC and malignant BCC with papillary carcinoma using computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images. All patients had only a mass on the right upper lateral neck without lesion in the thyroid gland. Two patients had a mass in the upper medial part of BCC on CT images and one patient showed a well-circumscribed mass in the upper portion of BCC on MR image. Two patients received BCC removal only and one patient underwent total thyroidectomy including removal of BCC. As results, most cases of papillary carcinoma in the BCC were detected incidentally after surgical resection of BCC. However, we can differentiate between benign BCC and malignant BCC with primary papillary carcinoma by carefully reviewing radiologic images before surgery.

Pulmonary interstitial edema in the pig after heavy exercise

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 2535-2540 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Schaffartzik ◽  
J. Arcos ◽  
K. Tsukimoto ◽  
O. Mathieu-Costello ◽  
P. D. Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Heavy Exercise ◽  
Interstitial Edema ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Perivascular Edema ◽  
Interstitial Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Right

During exercise (especially in hypoxia), the alveolar-arterial O2 tension difference increases. This impairment of pulmonary gas exchange is caused partly by diffusion disequilibrium, but it has also been shown that an exercise-induced increase in ventilation-perfusion (VA/Q) inequality develops. Possible explanations of increased VA/Q mismatch include nonuniform pulmonary vasoconstriction, reduced gas mixing in the large airways, airway obstruction, and the development of interstitial pulmonary edema. To directly determine whether the latter develops in high-intensity short-term exercise, we exercised pigs on a motor-driven treadmill at the highest speed that they could sustain for 6–7 min. Heart rate reached 274 +/- 5 min-1 in the exercised group, confirming that the pigs reached a near-maximal level of exercise. While running, the pigs were killed by an intravenous overdose of pentobarbital. Postmortem, the lungs were immediately removed, drained of blood, weighed, and then airway fixed with 10% formaldehyde. Four tissue blocks of the right lung of each pig were taken from the ventral and dorsal areas of the upper and lower lobes, respectively. They were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and prepared for histological examination by light microscopy. There was no difference in the lung-to-body weight ratio between exercised pigs (7.72 +/- 0.87 g/kg) and a nonexercised control group (7.70 +/- 0.68 g/kg). However, we found a significantly higher percentage of pulmonary arteries with perivascular edema in exercised (33.8 +/- 3.4%) than in nonexercised pigs (20.0 +/- 4.0%; P < 0.02). Thus, perivascular edema (and thus possibly also parenchymal interstitial edema) can occur during short-term heavy exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

UPAYA PENINGKATAN KINERJA PERAWAT GAWAT DARURAT MELALUI BERBAGAI GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN DI RSUD DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-194
Author(s):  
Deby Zulkarnain Rahadian Syah ◽  
Muhamat Nofiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Organizational Goals ◽  
Democratic Leadership ◽  
The Right ◽  
Research Type ◽  
Special Region

Background: Nurses in charge of the Emergency Room are required to have more ability than nurses serving patients in other units. Emergency Room is an initial service in a hospital. One's leadership style will greatly affect the effectiveness of a leader. The selection of the right leadership style can lead to the achievement of individual or organizational goals. Objective: To know the various leadership style used by the head of room in improving the performance of nurses of Emergency Room RSUD in in Special Region of Yogyakarta. Method: This research includes quantitative research type, using cross sectional approach. The population of this study was the head of the treatment room. Secondary data of nurse's performance is taken from nursing care which is written in medical record file of Emergency Room of RSUD in Special Region of Yogyakarta. Results: The performance of nurses at Emergency Room RSUD A in the good category was 100%. The performance of nurses at Emergency Room RSUD B in the enough category was 45%. The performance of nurses at Emergency Room C in good category was 80%. The performance of nurses at Emergency Room RSUD D in good category was 55%. The performance of nurses at RSUD E in the good category was 95%. The result of cross tabulation between leadership style and nurse performance of RSUD in the whole DIY with good performance is leader who use democratic leadership style equal to 35%. Conclusion: Most of the nurse's good performance in Emergency Room is followed by democratic leadership style of head of space.  Keyword: leadership style, head of space, performance of nurses

Penanganan Issu Terkait Keselamatan Pasien di Rumah Sakit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Natal Riang Gea
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Patient Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

AbstrakKeselamatan pasien merupakan dasar dari pelayanan kesehatan yang baik. Pengetahuan tenaga kesehatan dalam sasaran keselamatan pasien terdiri dari ketepatan identifikasi pasien, peningkatan komunikasi yang efektif, peningkatan keamanan obat yang perlu diwaspadai, kepastian tepat lokasi, prosedur, dan tepat pasien operasi, pengurangan risiko infeksi, pengurangan risiko pasien jatuh. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan penerapan keselamatan pasien pada petugas kesehatan di Puskesmas Kedaung Wetan Kota Tangerang. Metode Penelitian menggunakan deskriptif korelasi menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi sebanyak 50 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa lembar kuesioner. Teknik analisa diatas menggunakan analisa Univariat dan Bivariat. Hasil Penelitian ada Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Penerapan Keselamatan Pasien pada Petugas Kesehatan, dengan hasil, p value sebesar 0,013 &lt; 0,05 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Penerapa Keselamatan Pasien pada Petugas Kesehatan. Kesimpulan penelitian ada Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Penerapan Keselamatan Pasien.. AbstrackPatient safety is the basis of good health services. Knowledge of health personnel in patient safety targets consists of accurate patient identification, increased effective communication, increased safety of the drug that needs to be watched, certainty in the right location, procedure, and precise patient surgery, reduction in risk of infection, reduction in risk of falling patients. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between knowledge and the application of patient safety to health workers in the Kedaung Wetan Health Center, Tangerang City. The research method uses descriptive correlation using cross sectional approach. The population is 50 respondents. The sampling technique uses total sampling. The instrument used was a questionnaire sheet. The analysis technique above uses Univariate and Bivariate analysis. The results of the study there is a Relationship of Knowledge with the Implementation of Patient Safety in Health Officers, with the result, p value of 0.013 &lt;0.05, it can be concluded that there is a Relationship between Knowledge and Patient Safety Implementation in Health Officers. The conclusion of the study is the Relationship between Knowledge and the Implementation of Patient Safety.Keywords Knowledge, Patient safety, Health workers

A gap between Law and Practice: A Community’s Perception of Unmarried Women’s Abortion Options in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Simone Christensen Hald ◽  
Ditte Aagaard Sondergaard
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Safe Abortion ◽  
Community Attitudes ◽  
Abortion Law ◽  
Premarital Sexual Activity ◽  
Premarital Sexual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Changing Attitudes ◽  
Depth Interviews

Background In 2002, the Nepalese abortion law went from being highly restrictive to fully liberal. This study aimed to explore a local community’s perception of the situation for unmarried Nepalese women wanting to practice their legal right to abortion.Methods The study comprised a cross-sectional survey and in-depth interviews with men and women above the age of 16 years living in the Makwanpur District, Nepal. The final data included 55 questionnaires and 16 interviews. The questionnaire data was univariate analysed, while a condensation of meaning analysis was carried out on the interviews.Results The overall awareness of abortion being legal was high, although the extent of knowledge of the specific legal grounds varied. Unmarried women were believed to have access to abortion services, although they risked stigmatisation due to their marital status. The community attitude towards these women having abortions was very negative, hence it differed from the legal acceptance of all women having the right to abortion. This was explained by societal norms on premarital sexual activity. Generally, the participants felt that changing attitudes would be difficult but possible over time.Conclusion A considerable gap exists between the legal acceptance of abortion and community attitudes when it comes to unmarried women as this group encounters barriers when wanting to practice their right. Therefore, these barriers need to be addressed to allow unmarried Nepalese women access to safe abortion services without the risk of being stigmatised.One possible alternative is educational initiatives such as disseminating information vigorously through mass media to create awareness.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hprospect.v12i2.9869 Health Prospect Vol.12(2) 2013: 24-30

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