scholarly journals Effect of short-term microgravity and long-term hindlimb unloading on rat cardiac mass and function

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 1207-1213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester A. Ray ◽  
Marilyn Vasques ◽  
Todd A. Miller ◽  
M. Keith Wilkerson ◽  
Michael D. Delp
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Mass ◽  
Hindlimb Unloading ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cardiac Atrophy ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Heart Mass

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that exposure to short-term microgravity or long-term hindlimb unloading induces cardiac atrophy in male Sprague-Dawley rats. For the microgravity study, rats were subdivided into four groups: preflight (PF, n = 12); flight (Fl, n = 7); flight cage simulation (Sim, n = 6), and vivarium control (Viv, n = 7). Animals in the Fl group were exposed to 7 days of microgravity during the Spacelab 3 mission. Animals in the hindlimb-unloading study were subdivided into three groups: control (Con, n = 20), 7-day hindlimb-unloaded (7HU, n = 10), and 28-day hindlimb-unloaded (28HU, n = 19). Heart mass was unchanged in adult animals exposed to 7 days of actual microgravity (PF 1.33 ± 0.03 g; Fl 1.32 ± 0.02 g; Sim 1.28 ± 0.04 g; Viv 1.35 ± 0.04 g). Similarly, heart mass was unaltered with hindlimb unloading (Con 1.40 ± 0.04 g; 7HU 1.35 ± 0.06 g; 28HU 1.42 ± 0.03 g). Hindlimb unloading also had no effect on the peak rate of rise in left ventricular pressure, an estimate of myocardial contractility (Con 8,055 ± 385 mmHg/s; 28HU 8,545 ± 755 mmHg/s). These data suggest that cardiac atrophy does not occur after short-term exposure to microgravity and that neither short- nor long-term simulated microgravity alters cardiac mass or function.

scholarly journals The Effect of Passive Opium Smoking on Cardiovascular Indices of Rabbits with Normal and Ischemic Hearts

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyavash Joukar ◽  
Hamid Najafipour ◽  
Reza Malekpour-Afshar ◽  
Fatemeh Mirzaeipour ◽  
Hamid Reza Nasri
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ecg Changes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Asian People ◽  
Cardiac Histopathology

Some Asian people believe that opium can protect the cardiovascular system. To assess this belief, we investigated the effect of passive opium smoking (POS) on cardiovascular indices in rabbits with ischemic and non-ischemic hearts. Rabbits (n = 43) were divided into control (CTL), short term opium (SO) and long term opium (LO) groups. SO and LO groups were exposed to opium smoking for 3 days and 4 weeks, respectively. ECG, blood pressure (BP), left ventricular pressure and cardiac troponin I levels were recorded. Isoproterenol (ISO) was injected to induce cardiac ischemia and after 4 h the above variables were measured along with cardiac histopathology assessment. All groups showed significant increments in troponin I level (P < 0.05) except the CTL group. This trend was more obvious in ISO-treated groups. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) significantly decreased in all groups (p< 0.05) except the LO group. Opium exposure attenuated ISO-induced myodegeneration but augmented tissue congestion and hemorrhage. In conclusion, higher troponin I serum level and ECG changes were found in passive opium smoking groups. This evidence is against the belief that opium can protect the cardiovascular system.

Short-term exposure and long-term consequences of neonatal exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and ibuprofen in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 307 ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëtan Philippot ◽  
Fred Nyberg ◽  
Torsten Gordh ◽  
Anders Fredriksson ◽  
Henrik Viberg
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Exposure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Long Term Consequences

scholarly journals Spatio-temporal associations of air pollutant concentrations, GP respiratory consultations and respiratory inhaler prescriptions: a 5-year study of primary care in the borough of Lambeth, South London

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Ashworth ◽  
◽  
Antonis Analitis ◽  
David Whitney ◽  
Evangelia Samoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Spatio Temporal

Abstract Background Although the associations of outdoor air pollution exposure with mortality and hospital admissions are well established, few previous studies have reported on primary care clinical and prescribing data. We assessed the associations of short and long-term pollutant exposures with General Practitioner respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions. Methods Daily primary care data, for 2009–2013, were obtained from Lambeth DataNet (LDN), an anonymised dataset containing coded data from all patients (1.2 million) registered at general practices in Lambeth, an inner-city south London borough. Counts of respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions by day and Lower Super Output Area (LSOA) of residence were constructed. We developed models for predicting daily PM2.5, PM10, NO2 and O3 per LSOA. We used spatio-temporal mixed effects zero inflated negative binomial models to investigate the simultaneous short- and long-term effects of exposure to pollutants on the number of events. Results The mean concentrations of NO2, PM10, PM2.5 and O3 over the study period were 50.7, 21.2, 15.6, and 49.9 μg/m3 respectively, with all pollutants except NO2 having much larger temporal rather than spatial variability. Following short-term exposure increases to PM10, NO2 and PM2.5 the number of consultations and inhaler prescriptions were found to increase, especially for PM10 exposure in children which was associated with increases in daily respiratory consultations of 3.4% and inhaler prescriptions of 0.8%, per PM10 interquartile range (IQR) increase. Associations further increased after adjustment for weekly average exposures, rising to 6.1 and 1.2%, respectively, for weekly average PM10 exposure. In contrast, a short-term increase in O3 exposure was associated with decreased number of respiratory consultations. No association was found between long-term exposures to PM10, PM2.5 and NO2 and number of respiratory consultations. Long-term exposure to NO2 was associated with an increase (8%) in preventer inhaler prescriptions only. Conclusions We found increases in the daily number of GP respiratory consultations and inhaler prescriptions following short-term increases in exposure to NO2, PM10 and PM2.5. These associations are more pronounced in children and persist for at least a week. The association with long term exposure to NO2 and preventer inhaler prescriptions indicates likely increased chronic respiratory morbidity.

Short-Term and Long-Term Changes of Left Ventricular Volumes During Rate-Adaptive and Single-Rate Pacing

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1863-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
MEREDITH I. SEDNEY ◽  
ERIC WEIJERS ◽  
ERNST E. WALL ◽  
JEEEREY D. ADIPRANOTO ◽  
JAN CAMPS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Left Ventricular Volumes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ventricular Volumes ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Rate Adaptive

scholarly journals Time delay to peak left ventricular pressure rise identifies the substrate for dyssynchronous heart failure and detects disease modification with resynchronization- an observational clinical study

EP Europace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Odland ◽  
T Holm ◽  
S Ross ◽  
LO Gammelsrud ◽  
R Cornelussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Nyha Class ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Left Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Ventricular Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Resynchronization ◽  
Disease Modification ◽  
Volumetric Response

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): Norwegian South East Health Authorities Introduction Identification of disease modification prior to implantation of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy may help select the right patients, increase responder-rates and promote the utilization of CRT. We tested the hypothesis that shortening of time-to-peak left ventricular pressure rise (Td) with CRT is useful to predict long-term volumetric response (End-systolic volume (ESV) decrease &gt;15%) to CRT. Methods Forty-five heart failure patients admitted for CRT implantation with a class I/IIa indication according to current ESC/AHA guidelines were included in the study. Td was measured from onset QRS at baseline and from onset of pacing with CRT. Results Baseline characteristics were mean age 63 ± 10 years , 71% males, NYHA class 2.5, 87% LBBB, QRS duration 173 ± 15ms, EF biplane 31 ± 1%, ESV 144 ± 12mL and end-diastolic volume 2044 ± 14mL. At 6-months follow-up six patients increased ESV by 5 ± 8%, while 37 responders (85%) had a mean ESV decrease of 40 ± 2%.  Responders presented with a higher Td at baseline compared to non-responders (163 ± 4ms vs 119 ± 9ms, p &lt; 0.01). Td decreased to 156 ± 4ms (p = 0.02) with CRT in responders, while in non-responders Td increased to 147 ± 10ms (p &lt; 0.01) with CRT. A decrease in Td of less than +3.5ms from baseline accurately identified responders to therapy (AUC 0.98, p &lt; 0.01, sensitivity 97%, specificity 100%). AUC was 0.92 for baseline Td and a cut-off at 120ms yielded a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 80% to identify volumetric responders. A linear relationship between the change in Td from baseline and ESV decrease on long term was found (β=-61, R = 0.58, P &lt; 0.01). Conclusions Td at baseline and the shortening of Td with CRT accurately identifies responders to CRT, with incremental value on top of current guidelines, in a population with already high response rates. Td carries the potential to become the marker for prediction of long-term volumetric response in CRT candidates. Abstract Figure.

scholarly journals Effects of Long-Term Triclosan Exposure on Microbiota in Zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Tang ◽  
Pianpian Fan ◽  
Xiaogang Yu ◽  
Rui Ma ◽  
Yexuan Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Adult Zebrafish ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Embryonic Life ◽  
A Minor

Background: Triclosan (TCS) is a widely used antibacterial agent in personal care products and is ubiquitous in the environment. We aimed to examine whether TCS exposure affects microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract of zebrafish.Methods: After exposure to TCS 0 (Dimethyl Sulphoxide, DMSO control), 0.03, 0.3, 3, 30, 100, and 300ng/ml, respectively, from day 0 to 120days post fertilization (dpf), or for 7days in adult 4-month zebrafish, the long- and short-term impact of TCS exposure on the microbiome in the gastrointestinal tract was evaluated by analyzing 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region sequencing.Results: The top two most dominant microbiota phyla were Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria phylum in all zebrafish groups. In TCS exposure 0–120 dpf, compared with DMSO control, the mean number of microbial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was 54.46 lower (p&lt;0.0001), Chao indice 41.40 lower (p=0.0004), and Ace indice 34.10 lower (p=0.0044) in TCS 300ng/ml group, but no change was observed in most of the other TCS concentrations. PCoA diagram showed that the microbial community in the long-term TCS 300ng/ml exposure group clustered differently from those in the DMSO control and other TCS exposure groups. A shorter body length of the zebrafish was observed in the long-term TCS exposure at 0.03, 100, and 300ng/ml. For 7-day short-term exposure in adult zebrafish, no difference was observed in alpha or beta diversity of microbiota nor the relative abundance of Proteobacteria or Fusobacteria phylum among DMSO control and any TCS levels, but a minor difference in microbial composition was observed for TCS exposure.Conclusions: Long-term exposure to high TCS concentration in a window from early embryonic life to early adulthood may reduce diversity and alter the composition of microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract. The effect of short-term TCS exposure was not observed on the diversity of microbiota but there was a minor change of microbial composition in adult zebrafish with TCS exposure.

scholarly journals Short-term exposure to air pollution (PM2.5) induces hypothalamic inflammation, and long-term leads to leptin resistance and obesity via Tlr4/Ikbke in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Machado Campolim ◽  
Lais Weissmann ◽  
Clílton Kraüss de Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Olivia Pizetta Zordão ◽  
Ana Paula Segantine Dornellas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Leptin Resistance ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Hypothalamic Inflammation

scholarly journals Intestinal Explant Cultures from Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata, L.) Allowed the Determination of Mucosal Sensitivity to Bacterial Pathogens and the Impact of a Plant Protein Diet

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7584
Author(s):  
David Sánchez Peñaranda ◽  
Christine Bäuerl ◽  
Ana Tomás-Vidal ◽  
Miguel Jover-Cerdá ◽  
Guillem Estruch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Plant Protein ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
The Impact

The interaction between diet and intestinal health has been widely discussed, although in vivo approaches have reported limitations. The intestine explant culture system developed provides an advantage since it reduces the number of experimental fish and increases the time of incubation compared to similar methods, becoming a valuable tool in the study of the interactions between pathogenic bacteria, rearing conditions, or dietary components and fish gut immune response. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of the total substitution of fish meal by plants on the immune intestinal status of seabream using an ex vivo bacterial challenge. For this aim, two growth stages of fish were assayed (12 g): phase I (90 days), up to 68 g, and phase II (305 days), up to 250 g. Additionally, in phase II, the effects of long term and short term exposure (15 days) to a plant protein (PP) diet were determined. PP diet altered the mucosal immune homeostasis, the younger fish being more sensitive, and the intestine from fish fed short-term plant diets showed a higher immune response than with long-term feeding. Vibrio alginolyticus (V. alginolyticus) triggered the highest immune and inflammatory response, while COX-2 expression was significantly induced by Photobacterium damselae subsp. Piscicida (P. damselae subsp. Piscicida), showing a positive high correlation between the pro-inflammatory genes encoding interleukin 1β (IL1-β), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2).

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