scholarly journals Characterization of extracellular redox enzyme concentrations in response to exercise in humans

2019 ◽  
Vol 127 (3) ◽  
pp. 858-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J. Wadley ◽  
Gary Keane ◽  
Tom Cullen ◽  
Lynsey James ◽  
Jordan Vautrinot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Redox Enzymes ◽  
Redox Enzyme ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

Redox enzymes modulate intracellular redox balance and are secreted in response to cellular oxidative stress, potentially modulating systemic inflammation. Both aerobic and resistance exercise are known to cause acute systemic oxidative stress and inflammation; however, how redox enzyme concentrations alter in extracellular fluids following bouts of either type of exercise is unknown. Recreationally active men ( n = 26, mean ± SD: age 28 ± 8 yr) took part in either: 1) two separate energy-matched cycling bouts: one of moderate intensity (MOD) and a bout of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE) or 2) an eccentric-based resistance exercise protocol (RES). Alterations in plasma (study 1) and serum (study 2) peroxiredoxin (PRDX)-2, PRDX-4, superoxide dismutase-3 (SOD3), thioredoxin (TRX-1), TRX-reductase and interleukin (IL)-6 were assessed before and at various timepoints after exercise. There was a significant increase in SOD3 (+1.5 ng/mL) and PRDX-4 (+5.9 ng/mL) concentration following HIIE only, peaking at 30- and 60-min post-exercise respectively. TRX-R decreased immediately and 60 min following HIIE (−7.3 ng/mL) and MOD (−8.6 ng/mL), respectively. In non-resistance trained men, no significant changes in redox enzyme concentrations were observed up to 48 h following RES, despite significant muscle damage. IL-6 concentration increased in response to all trials, however there was no significant relationship between absolute or exercise-induced changes in redox enzyme concentrations. These results collectively suggest that HIIE, but not MOD or RES increase the extracellular concentration of PRDX-4 and SOD3. Exercise-induced changes in redox enzyme concentrations do not appear to directly relate to systemic changes in IL-6 concentration. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Two studies were conducted to characterize changes in redox enzyme concentrations after single bouts of exercise to investigate the emerging association between extracellular redox enzymes and inflammation. We provide evidence that SOD3 and PRDX-4 concentration increased following high-intensity aerobic but not eccentric-based resistance exercise. Changes were not associated with IL-6. The results provide a platform to investigate the utility of SOD3 and PRDX-4 as biomarkers of oxidative stress following exercise.

scholarly journals High-intensity resistance exercise with low repetitions maintains endothelial function

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (3) ◽  
pp. H681-H686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Morishima ◽  
Yosuke Tsuchiya ◽  
Motoyuki Iemitsu ◽  
Eisuke Ochi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Exercise Induced

Resistance exercise impairs endothelial function, and this impairment is thought to be mediated by sustained elevation in blood pressure. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that resistance exercise-induced endothelial dysfunction would be prevented by high-intensity resistance exercise with low repetitions. This type of resistance exercise is known to induce temporal elevation in blood pressure due to low repetitions and a long resting period between sets. Thirteen young healthy subjects completed three randomized experimental trials as follows: 1) moderate-intensity exercise with moderate repetitions (moderate-moderate trial), 2) low-intensity exercise with high repetitions (low-high trial), and 3) high-intensity exercise with low repetitions (high-low trial). After baseline brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and blood pressure measurements, subjects performed resistance exercise according to the different types of trials. Thereafter, brachial artery FMD and blood pressure measurements were repeated 10, 30, and 60 min after the exercise. Exercise-induced increases in blood flow and shear rate were significantly lower in the high-low trial than in the other two trials ( P < 0.05). Although systolic blood pressures were significantly elevated after exercise in all trials ( P < 0.05), the magnitudes of rise in blood pressure increase were significantly lower in the high-low trial than in the moderate-moderate and low-high trials ( P < 0.05). Moderate-moderate and low-high trials caused a significant impairment in brachial artery FMD ( P < 0.05), which could be prevented through high-intensity resistance exercise with low repetitions (  > 0.05). In conclusion, endothelial function was maintained by conducting high-intensity resistance exercise with low repetitions. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Data from the present study reveal that high-intensity resistance exercise with low repetitions can maintain endothelial function. Thus, this study provides the first evidence that the detrimental vascular effects of resistance exercise are preventable when resistance exercise is performed in high intensity with low repetitions. Listen to this article’s corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/type-of-resistance-exercise-and-endothelial-function/ (Japanese version: https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/japanese-language-podcast-type-of-resistance-exercise-and-endothelial-function/ ).

Changes in Pulmonary Function Response to a 10-Week Controlled Exercise Program in Sedentary Elderly Adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 394-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoyuan Huang ◽  
Wayne H. Osness
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes

This randomized clinical trial was aimed to assess whether pulmonary function would change in sedentary elderly people after a controlled exercise program. 45 participants over 75 yr. of age ( M age 83.7 ± 3.0) were assigned randomly to a control and two aerobic exercise groups of moderate and high intensity. In 10 wk. the program sessions were 40 min. in duration 3 days per week. Forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec. (FEV1.0) were measured pre- and post-intervention. After the training, the Moderate intensity group experienced significant mean change in FVC. In the High intensity group, significant changes were observed in both FVC and FEV1.0, but no change was noted for the Control group. The 10-wk. aerobic training of moderate or high intensity showed positive effects on pulmonary function in these elderly individuals. These exercise-induced changes may be dose-related.

scholarly journals Physical Training Status Determines Oxidative Stress and Redox Changes in Response to an Acute Aerobic Exercise

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farnaz Seifi-skishahr ◽  
Arsalan Damirchi ◽  
Manoochehr Farjaminezhad ◽  
Parvin Babaei
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Training Status ◽  
Reducing Environment ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Male Subjects

Objective. To assess the influence of different physical training status on exercise-induced oxidative stress and changes in cellular redox state.Methods. Thirty male subjects participated in this study and were assigned as well-trained (WT), moderately trained (MT), and untrained (UT) groups. The levels of cortisol, creatine kinase, plasma reduced glutathione to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), cysteine/cystine (Cys/CySS), and GSH/GSSG ratio in red blood cells (RBCs) were measured immediately and 10 and 30 min after exercise.Results. Following the exercise, plasma GSH/GSSG (p=0.001) and Cys/CySS (p=0.005) were significantly reduced in all groups. Reduction in plasma GSH/GSSG ratio in all groups induced a transient shift in redox balance towards a more oxidizing environment without difference between groups (p=0.860), while RBCs GSH/GSSG showed significant reduction (p=0.003) and elevation (p=0.007) in UT and MT groups, respectively. The highest level of RBCs GSH/GSSG ratio was recorded in MT group, and the lowest one was recorded in the WT group.Conclusion. Long term regular exercise training with moderate intensity shifts redox balance towards more reducing environment, versus intensive exercise training leads to more oxidizing environment and consequently development of related diseases.

scholarly journals Seaweed Supplementation Enhances Maximal Muscular Strength and Attenuates Resistance Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Mallikarjuna Korivi ◽  
Chun-Tai Chen ◽  
Szu-Hsien Yu ◽  
Weibing Ye ◽  
I-Shiung Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Exercise Induced

We investigated the effect of chronic seaweed (Gracilaria asiatica) supplementation on maximal carrying capacity, muscle mass, and oxidative stress in rats following high-intensity resistance exercise (RE). Forty Sprague-Daley rats were equally categorized into control, exercise, seaweed, and exercise plus seaweed (ES) groups. Rats in respective groups performed RE (once per 2 days) or received seaweed (250 mg/kg bodyweight, orally) for 10 weeks. Results showed that seaweed consumption in combination with RE significantly (p < 0.05) increased maximal weight carrying capacity compared to RE alone. FHL muscle mass was significantly higher in both exercise and ES groups. Notably, high-intensity RE-induced lipid peroxidation, as evidenced by elevated thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in muscle, was substantially diminished (p < 0.05) by seaweed treatment. This antioxidative effect of seaweed was further represented by augmented superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels in seaweed groups. We noticed increased insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR, while the fasting blood glucose levels remained stable in seaweed and ES groups. Our findings conclude that seaweed in combination with RE enhanced maximal carrying strength and attenuated oxidative stress through improved antioxidant capacity. Seaweed could be a potential nutritional supplement to boost performance and to prevent exercise-induced muscle damage.

scholarly journals The Effect of Tribulus Terrestris Supplementation on Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Performance of Recreational Runners: Study Protocol for a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Nejati ◽  
Parvin Dehghan ◽  
Mostapha Khani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Tribulus Terrestris ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Recreational Runners ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Exercise Induced

Abstract Background: High intensity and endurance exercises lead to exercise-induced oxidative stress (EIOS), exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), and inflammation, which are the influencing factors on muscle soreness, localized swelling, and sport performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of Tribulus terrestris (TT) as an herbal supplement with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties on the nutritional, oxidative stress, and anti/inflammatory status, as well as the sport performance of recreational runners.Methods/design: This study is a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, which will be conducted among recreational runners of Tabriz stadiums, Iran. Thirty-four recreational runners will be selected, and participants will be assigned randomly to two groups: to receive 500 mg TT supplement or placebo capsules twice daily for two weeks. Both groups will do the high-intensity interval training (HIIT) workouts during the study. Baseline and post-intervention body composition, muscle fatigue, and soreness parameters will be assessed. In addition, assessment of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-10 (IL-10), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) will be done during three blood samplings.Discussion: This study will be the first to assess the potential effects of TT in recreational runners. Our results will contribute to the growing body of knowledge regarding TT supplementation on the nutritional, oxidative stress, anti/inflammatory status and sport performance in recreational runners.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (www.irct.ir) (ID: IRCT20150205020965N8). Registration date: 13 February 2021.

scholarly journals Impaired dynamic cerebral autoregulation at rest and during isometric exercise in type 2 diabetes patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 308 (7) ◽  
pp. H681-H687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauro C. Vianna ◽  
Shekhar H. Deo ◽  
Areum K. Jensen ◽  
Seth W. Holwerda ◽  
Matthew C. Zimmerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Cerebral Autoregulation ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Isometric Handgrip ◽  
Systemic Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation

Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (T2D) have elevated risk of stroke, suggesting that cerebrovascular function is impaired. Herein, we examined dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) at rest and during exercise in T2D patients and determined whether underlying systemic oxidative stress is associated with impairments in CA. Middle cerebral artery blood velocity and arterial blood pressure (BP) were measured at rest and during 2-min bouts of low- and high-intensity isometric handgrip performed at 20% and 40% maximum voluntary contraction, respectively, in seven normotensive and eight hypertensive T2D patients and eight healthy controls. Dynamic CA was estimated using the rate of regulation (RoR). Total reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide levels were measured at rest. There were no differences in RoR at rest or during exercise between normotensive and hypertensive T2D patients. However, when compared with controls, T2D patients exhibited lower RoR at rest and during low-intensity handgrip indicating impaired dynamic CA. Moreover, the RoR was further reduced by 29 ± 4% during high-intensity handgrip in T2D patients (0.307 ± 0.012/s rest vs. 0.220 ± 0.014/s high intensity; P < 0.01), although well maintained in controls. T2D patients demonstrated greater baseline total ROS and superoxide compared with controls, both of which were negatively related to RoR during handgrip (e.g., total ROS: r = −0.71, P < 0.05; 40% maximum voluntary contraction). Collectively, these data demonstrate impaired dynamic CA at rest and during isometric handgrip in T2D patients, which may be, in part, related to greater underlying systemic oxidative stress. Additionally, dynamic CA is blunted further with high intensity isometric contractions potentially placing T2D patients at greater risk for cerebral events during such activities.

MDA content increases in fast- and slow-twitch skeletal muscle with intensity of exercise in a rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (6) ◽  
pp. C874-C877 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Alessio ◽  
A. H. Goldfarb ◽  
R. G. Cutler
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Intensity Of Exercise

Previous work has shown that high-intensity (HI) exercise results in total body increased production of lipid peroxidation. These results suggest that exercise induces a higher level of oxidative stress in muscles leading to the production of various peroxides and aldehydes that are potentially toxic to cells. However, these past studies were carried out only with subjects that were exercised to exhaustion or at a very high intensity. In this paper, we report how a moderate-intensity (MI) exercise, which is more normally experienced, as well as a HI acute bout of exercise influenced oxidative stress-related reactions by measuring malonaldehyde (MDA) and lipid hydroperoxides (LH) in red vastus, white vastus, and soleus muscle. The muscles from untrained male Sprague-Dawley rats were removed immediately after either a HI 1-min run at 45 m/min (n = 8) or a 20-min MI run at 20 m/min (n = 8) and compared with a control group that did not run. MI exercise resulted in a 90% increase in MDA in white vastus and a 62% increase in red vastus muscle (P less than 0.05). HI exercise resulted in a 157, 167, and 83% increase in MDA in white vastus, red vastus, and soleus muscle, respectively. LH values in red and white vastus after HI exercise increased an average of 33%, but this proved not to be statistically significant. These results confirm earlier studies that HI exercise does increase MDA in skeletal muscle, and when intensity of exercise is considerably lowered, elevated MDA is still found but at a relatively lesser amount.

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