scholarly journals Increased expression of telomere-regulating genes in endurance athletes with long leukocyte telomeres

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Denham ◽  
Brendan J. O'Brien ◽  
Priscilla R. Prestes ◽  
Nicholas J. Brown ◽  
Fadi J. Charchar
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Leukocyte Telomere Length ◽  
Resting Heart Rate

Leukocyte telomeres shorten with age, and excessive shortening is associated with age-related cardiometabolic diseases. Exercise training may prevent disease through telomere length maintenance although the optimal amount of exercise that attenuates telomere attrition is unknown. Furthermore, the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the enhanced telomere maintenance observed in endurance athletes is poorly understood. We quantified the leukocyte telomere length and analyzed the expression of telomere-regulating genes in endurance athletes and healthy controls (both n = 61), using quantitative PCR. We found endurance athletes have significantly longer (7.1%, 208-416 nt) leukocyte telomeres and upregulated TERT (2.0-fold) and TPP1 (1.3-fold) mRNA expression compared with controls in age-adjusted analysis. The telomere length and telomere-regulating gene expression differences were no longer statistically significant after adjustment for resting heart rate and relative V̇o2 max (all P > 0.05). Resting heart rate emerged as an independent predictor of leukocyte telomere length and TERT and TPP1 mRNA expression in stepwise regression models. To gauge whether volume of exercise was associated with leukocyte telomere length, we divided subjects into running and cycling tertiles (distance covered per week) and found individuals in the middle and highest tertiles had longer telomeres than individuals in the lowest tertile. These data emphasize the importance of cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise training in the prevention of biological aging. They also support the concept that moderate amounts of exercise training protects against biological aging, while higher amounts may not elicit additional benefits.

Vagal function impairment after exercise training

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1749-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Negrao ◽  
E. D. Moreira ◽  
M. C. Santos ◽  
V. M. Farah ◽  
E. M. Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Pacemaker Cells ◽  
Function Impairment ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Vagal Function

The present investigation was undertaken to evaluate the vagal function of trained (T) and sedentary (S) rats by use of different approaches in the same animal. After 13 wk of exercise training (treadmill for 1 h 5 times/wk at 26.8 m/min and 15% grade), T rats had a resting heart rate (HR) slightly but significantly lower than S rats (299 +/- 3 vs. 308 +/- 3 beats/min). T rats had marked reduction of the intrinsic HR (329 +/- 4 vs. 369 +/- 5 beats/min) after blockade by methylatropine and propranolol. They also exhibited depressed vagal and sympathetic tonus. Baroreflex bradycardia (phenylephrine injections) was reduced, bradycardic responses produced by electrical stimulation of the vagus were depressed, and responses to methacholine injection were decreased in T rats. Therefore several evidences of vagal function impairment were observed in T rats. The resting bradycardia after exercise training is more likely to be dependent on alterations of the pacemaker cells, inasmuch as the intrinsic HR was markedly reduced.

scholarly journals Leukocyte Telomere Length Is Unrelated to Cognitive Performance Among Non-Demented and Demented Persons: An Examination of Long Life Family Study Participants

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 906-917
Author(s):  
Adiba Ashrafi ◽  
Stephanie Cosentino ◽  
Min S. Kang ◽  
Joseph H. Lee ◽  
Nicole Schupf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Leukocyte Telomere Length ◽  
Information Processing Speed ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Study Participants

AbstractObjective:Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a widely hypothesized biomarker of biological aging. Persons with shorter LTL may have a greater likelihood of developing dementia. We investigate whether LTL is associated with cognitive function, differently for individuals without cognitive impairment versus individuals with dementia or incipient dementia.Method:Enrolled subjects belong to the Long Life Family Study (LLFS), a multi-generational cohort study, where enrollment was predicated upon exceptional family longevity. Included subjects had valid cognitive and telomere data at baseline. Exclusion criteria were age ≤ 60 years, outlying LTL, and missing sociodemographic/clinical information. Analyses were performed using linear regression with generalized estimating equations, adjusting for sex, age, education, country, generation, and lymphocyte percentage.Results:Older age and male gender were associated with shorter LTL, and LTL was significantly longer in family members than spouse controls (p < 0.005). LTL was not associated with working or episodic memory, semantic processing, and information processing speed for 1613 cognitively unimpaired individuals as well as 597 individuals with dementia or incipient dementia (p < 0.005), who scored significantly lower on all cognitive domains (p < 0.005).Conclusions:Within this unique LLFS cohort, a group of families assembled on the basis of exceptional survival, LTL is unrelated to cognitive ability for individuals with and without cognitive impairment. LTL does not change in the context of degenerative disease for these individuals who are biologically younger than the general population.

Controlled 5-mo aerobic training improves heart rate but not heart rate variability or baroreflex sensitivity

2000 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 1825-1829 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antti Loimaala ◽  
Heikki Huikuri ◽  
Pekka Oja ◽  
Matti Pasanen ◽  
Ilkka Vuori
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Aerobic Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Endurance Time ◽  
Low Intensity

Endurance-trained athletes have increased heart rate variability (HRV), but it is not known whether exercise training improves the HRV and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in sedentary persons. We compared the effects of low- and high-intensity endurance training on resting heart rate, HRV, and BRS. The maximal oxygen uptake and endurance time increased significantly in the high-intensity group compared with the control group. Heart rate did not change significantly in the low-intensity group but decreased significantly in the high-intensity group (−6 beats/min, 95% confidence interval; −10 to −1 beats/min, exercise vs. control). No significant changes occurred in either the time or frequency domain measures of HRV or BRS in either of the exercise groups. Exercise training was not able to modify the cardiac vagal outflow in sedentary, middle-aged persons.

Determination of minimal recording period to assess resting heart rate variability during pregnancy

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-436
Author(s):  
Danilo Fernandes da Silva ◽  
Shuhiba Mohammad ◽  
Kelly Ann Hutchinson ◽  
Kristi Bree Adamo
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Time Segment ◽  
Natural Logarithm ◽  
Resting Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Measurement Period

Traditionally, resting heart rate variability (rHRV) is measured for 10 min using the last 5 min for analyses (e.g., criterion period). It is unknown whether the measurement period can be shortened in pregnant women as there are currently no established standards. We aimed to compare shorter time segments (e.g., from the 1st to 10th minutes) of the parasympathetic index natural logarithm transformation of root mean square of successive R–R differences (Ln rMSSD) with the criterion period in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Twelve pregnant (age: 30.8 ± 3.4 years; gestational age: 20.1 ± 5.0 weeks) and 15 nonpregnant women (age: 29.8 ± 4.0 years) were included. rHRV was measured using a portable heart rate monitor for 10 min while sitting. Ln rMSSD difference/agreement between shorter time segments and criterion period was analyzed. The result observed between the 4th–5th minutes was the shortest time segment not different from/highly agreed with the criterion period in pregnant women (difference [95% confidence interval (CI)]: −0.10 [−0.22 to 0.02]/bias ± 1.96 × SD: −0.06 [−0.38 to 0.25]). In nonpregnant women, the 2nd–3rd-minute segment was the shortest with similar results (difference [95% CI]: −0.04 [−0.15 to 0.07]/bias ± 1.96 × SD: −0.03 [−0.39 to 0.32]). The Ln rMSSD was found to be stable from the 5th–10th minutes and the 3rd–10th minutes in pregnant and nonpregnant women, respectively. A shortened rHRV assessment can increase its applicability in clinical/exercise-training settings. Novelty Ln rMSSD can be measured for 5 min in pregnant women, with the last 1-min segment analyzed. The last 1-min segment from 3 min can be used for rHRV measurement in nonpregnant women. The shortened rHRV assessment can facilitate its applicability in clinical/exercise-training settings.

Heat Stress Training Camps for Endurance Sport: A Descriptive Case Study of Successful Monitoring in 2 Ironman Triathletes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-150
Author(s):  
Ed Maunder ◽  
Andrew E. Kilding ◽  
Christopher J. Stevens ◽  
Daniel J. Plews
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Resting Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Stress Training

A common practice among endurance athletes is to purposefully train in hot environments during a “heat stress camp.” However, combined exercise-heat stress poses threats to athlete well-being, and therefore, heat stress training has the potential to induce maladaptation. This case study describes the monitoring strategies used in a successful 3-week heat stress camp undertaken by 2 elite Ironman triathletes, namely resting heart rate variability, self-report well-being, and careful prescription of training based on previously collected physiological data. Despite the added heat stress, training volume very likely increased in both athletes, and training load very likely increased in one of the athletes, while resting heart rate variability and self-report well-being were maintained. There was also some evidence of favorable metabolic changes during routine laboratory testing following the camp. The authors therefore recommend that practitioners working with endurance athletes embarking on a heat stress training camp consider using the simple strategies employed in the present case study to reduce the risk of maladaptation and nonfunctional overreaching.

Endurance exercise training has a minimal effect on resting heart rate: the HERITAGE study

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
JACK H. WILMORE ◽  
PHILIP R. STANFORTH ◽  
JACQUES GAGNON ◽  
ARTHUR S. LEON ◽  
D. C. RAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
Resting Heart Rate ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training

scholarly journals The contribution of parent-to-offspring transmission of telomeres to the heritability of telomere length in humans

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayana A. Delgado ◽  
Chenan Zhang ◽  
Kathryn Demanelis ◽  
Lin S. Chen ◽  
Jianjun Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Leukocyte Telomere Length ◽  
Relative Pair ◽  
Identity By Descent ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Heritable Trait

ABSTRACTLeukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a heritable trait with two potential sources of heritability (h2): inherited variation in non-telomeric regions (e.g., SNPs that influence telomere maintenance) and variability in the lengths of telomeres in gametes that produce offspring zygotes (i.e., “direct” inheritance). Prior studies of LTL h2have not attempted to disentangle these two sources. Here, we use a novel approach for detecting the direct inheritance of telomeres by studying the association between identity-by-descent (IBD) sharing at chromosome ends and phenotypic similarity in LTL. We measured genome-wide SNPs and LTL for a sample of 5,069 Bangladeshi adults with substantial relatedness. For each of the 7,254 relative pairs identified, we used SNPs near the telomeres to estimate the number of chromosome ends shared IBD, a proxy for the number of telomeres shared IBD (Tshared). We then estimated the association between Tsharedand the squared pairwise difference in LTL ((ΔLTL)2) within various classes of relatives (siblings, avuncular, cousins, and distant), adjusting for overall genetic relatedness (ϕ). The association between Tsharedand (ΔLTL)2was inverse among all relative pair types. In a meta-analysis including all relative pairs (ϕ >0.05), the association between Tsharedand (ΔLTL)2(P=0.002) was stronger than the association between ϕ and (ΔLTL)2(P=0.45). Our results provide strong evidence that telomere length (TL) in parental germ cells impacts TL in offspring cells and contributes to LTL h2despite telomere “reprogramming” during embryonic development. Applying our method to larger studies will enable robust estimation of LTL h2attributable to direction transmission.

scholarly journals Metabolic Signature of Leukocyte Telomere Length in Elite Male Soccer Players

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamma Al-Muraikhy ◽  
Maha Sellami ◽  
Alexander S Domling ◽  
Najeha Rizwana ◽  
Abdelali Agouni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Exercise Physiology ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Biological Aging ◽  
Leukocyte Telomere Length

Introduction: Biological aging is associated with changes in the metabolic pathways. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) is a predictive marker of biological aging; however, the underlying metabolic pathways remain largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the metabolic alterations and identify the metabolic predictors of LTL in elite male soccer players.Methods: Levels of 837 blood metabolites and LTL were measured in 126 young elite male soccer players who tested negative for doping abuse at anti-doping laboratory in Italy. Multivariate analysis using orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS), univariate linear models and enrichment analyses were conducted to identify metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with LTL. Generalized linear model followed by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were conducted to identify top metabolites predictive of LTL.Results: Sixty-seven metabolites and seven metabolic pathways showed significant associations with LTL. Among enriched pathways, lysophospholipids, benzoate metabolites, and glycine/serine/threonine metabolites were elevated with longer LTL. Conversely, monoacylglycerols, sphingolipid metabolites, long chain fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids were enriched with shorter telomeres. ROC analysis revealed eight metabolites that best predict LTL, including glutamine, N-acetylglutamine, xanthine, beta-sitosterol, N2-acetyllysine, stearoyl-arachidonoyl-glycerol (18:0/20:4), N-acetylserine and 3-7-dimethylurate with AUC of 0.75 (0.64–0.87, p &lt; 0.0001).Conclusion: This study characterized the metabolic activity in relation to telomere length in elite soccer players. Investigating the functional relevance of these associations could provide a better understanding of exercise physiology and pathophysiology of elite athletes.

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