scholarly journals Exercise-induced suppression of acylated ghrelin in humans

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 2165-2171 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Broom ◽  
D. J. Stensel ◽  
N. C. Bishop ◽  
S. F. Burns ◽  
M. Miyashita
Keyword(s):  
Test Meal ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Ghrelin Concentration ◽  
Total Ghrelin ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Random Crossover ◽  
And Control

Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone secreted from endocrine cells in the stomach and other tissues. Acylation of ghrelin is essential for appetite regulation. Vigorous exercise induces appetite suppression, but this does not appear to be related to suppressed concentrations of total ghrelin. This study examined the effect of exercise and feeding on plasma acylated ghrelin and appetite. Nine male subjects aged 19–25 yr participated in two, 9-h trials (exercise and control) in a random crossover design. Trials began at 0800 in the morning after an overnight fast. In the exercise trial, subjects ran for 60 min at 72% of maximum oxygen uptake between 0800 and 0900. After this, they rested for 8 h and consumed a test meal at 1100. In the control trial, subjects rested for 9 h and consumed a test meal at 1100. Area under the curve values for plasma acylated ghrelin concentration (assessed from venous blood samples) were lower over the first 3 h and the full 9 h of the exercise trial compared with the control trial: 317 ± 135 vs. 510 ± 186 pg·ml−1·3 h and 917 ± 342 vs. 1,401 ± 521 pg·ml−1·9 h (means ± SE) respectively ( P <0.05). Area under the curve values for hunger (assessed using a visual scale) were lower over the first 3 h of the exercise trial compared with the control trial ( P = 0.013). These findings demonstrate that plasma acylated ghrelin concentration and hunger are suppressed during running.

The influence of vigorous running and cycling exercise on hunger perceptions and plasma acylated ghrelin concentrations in lean young men

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy K. Wasse ◽  
Caroline Sunderland ◽  
James A. King ◽  
Masashi Miyashita ◽  
David J. Stensel
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Ghrelin Concentration ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Analogue Scales ◽  
Over Time

Vigorous running suppresses plasma acylated ghrelin concentrations but the limited literature on cycling suggests that acylated ghrelin is unchanged, perhaps because body mass is supported during cycling. It is important from a research and applied perspective to determine whether acylated ghrelin and hunger responses are exercise-mode specific. This study sought to examine this. Eleven recreationally active males fasted overnight and completed three 4-h trials: control, running, and cycling, in a random order. Participants rested throughout the control trial and ran or cycled at 70% of mode-specific maximal oxygen uptake for the first hour during exercise trials, resting thereafter. Hunger was measured every 0.5 h using visual analogue scales. Eight venous blood samples were collected to determine acylated ghrelin concentrations and a standardised meal was consumed at 3 h. Compared with the control trial, acylated ghrelin concentrations were suppressed to a similar extent at 0.5 and 1 h during the running (p < 0.005) and cycling (p < 0.001) trials. Area under the curve values for ghrelin concentration over time were lower during exercise trials versus control (Control: 606 ± 379; Running: 455 ± 356; Cycling: 448 ± 315 pg·mL−1·4 h−1; mean ± SD, p < 0.05). Hunger values did not differ significantly between trials but an interaction effect (p < 0.05) indicated a tendency for hunger to be suppressed during exercise. Thus, at similar relative exercise intensities, plasma acylated ghrelin concentrations are suppressed to a similar extent during running and cycling.

Secretory dynamics of ghrelin in adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa and healthy adolescents

2005 ◽  
Vol 289 (2) ◽  
pp. E347-E356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhusmita Misra ◽  
Karen K. Miller ◽  
Kelly Kuo ◽  
Kathryn Griffin ◽  
Victoria Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Burst Frequency ◽  
Ghrelin Concentration ◽  
Deconvolution Analysis ◽  
Total Triiodothyronine ◽  
Orexigenic Peptide ◽  
Total Ghrelin

Ghrelin is an orexigenic peptide and a growth hormone (GH) secretagogue. Secretory dynamics of ghrelin have not been characterized in adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN). We hypothesized that, compared with healthy adolescents, girls with AN would have increased ghrelin concentrations measured over 12 h of nocturnal sampling from increased basal and pulsatile secretion, and endogenous ghrelin would independently predict GH and cortisol. We examined ghrelin concentration and secretory dynamics in 22 girls with AN and 18 healthy adolescents 12–18 yr old. Associations between ghrelin, various hormones, and measures of insulin resistance were examined. On Cluster analysis, girls with AN had higher ghrelin concentrations than controls, including total area under the curve (AUC) ( P = 0.002), nadir ( P = 0.0006), and valley levels ( P = 0.002). On deconvolution analysis, secretory burst amplitude ( P = 0.03) and burst mass ( P = 0.04) were higher in AN, resulting in higher pulsatile ( P = 0.05) and total ghrelin secretion ( P = 0.03). Fasting ghrelin independently predicted GH burst frequency ( r = 0.44, P = 0.005). The nutritional markers body mass index and body fat predicted postglucose and valley ghrelin but not fasting levels. Ghrelin parameters were inversely associated with fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), leptin, and IGF-I. HOMA-IR was the most significant predictor of most ghrelin parameters. Valley ghrelin independently predicted cortisol burst frequency (52% of variability), and ghrelin parameters independently predicted total triiodothyronine and LH levels. Higher ghrelin concentrations in adolescents with AN are a consequence of increased secretory burst mass and amplitude. The most important predictor of ghrelin concentration is insulin resistance, and ghrelin in turn predicts GH and cortisol burst frequency.

scholarly journals Effect of the perception of breakfast consumption on subsequent appetite and energy intake in healthy males

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Slater ◽  
William J. A. Mode ◽  
John Hough ◽  
Ruth M. James ◽  
Craig Sale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Cumulative Energy Intake ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Healthy Males

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to assess the effects of consuming a very-low-energy placebo breakfast on subsequent appetite and lunch energy intake. Methods Fourteen healthy males consumed water-only (WAT), very-low-energy, viscous placebo (containing water, low-calorie flavoured squash, and xanthan gum; ~ 16 kcal; PLA), and whole-food (~ 573 kcal; FOOD) breakfasts in a randomised order. Subjects were blinded to the energy content of PLA and specific study aims. Venous blood samples were collected pre-breakfast, 60- and 180-min post-breakfast to assess plasma acylated ghrelin and peptide tyrosine tyrosine concentrations. Subjective appetite was measured regularly, and energy intake was assessed at an ad libitum lunch meal 195-min post-breakfast. Results Lunch energy intake was lower during FOOD compared to WAT (P < 0.05), with no further differences between trials (P ≥ 0.132). Cumulative energy intake (breakfast plus lunch) was lower during PLA (1078 ± 274 kcal) and WAT (1093 ± 249 kcal), compared to FOOD (1554 ± 301 kcal; P < 0.001). Total area under the curve (AUC) for hunger, desire to eat and prospective food consumption were lower, and fullness was greater during PLA and FOOD compared to WAT (P < 0.05). AUC for hunger was lower during FOOD compared to PLA (P < 0.05). During FOOD, acylated ghrelin was suppressed compared to PLA and WAT at 60 min (P < 0.05), with no other hormonal differences between trials (P ≥ 0.071). Conclusion Consuming a very-low-energy placebo breakfast does not alter energy intake at lunch but may reduce cumulative energy intake across breakfast and lunch and attenuate elevations in subjective appetite associated with breakfast omission. Trial registration NCT04735783, 2nd February 2021, retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Influence of netball-based exercise on energy intake, subjective appetite and plasma acylated ghrelin in adolescent girls

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 854-861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny L.S. Rumbold ◽  
Alan St Clair Gibson ◽  
Emma J. Stevenson ◽  
James A. King ◽  
David J. Stensel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Intake ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Sedentary Activity ◽  
Exercise Induced

This study explored 5-day regulation of exercise-induced energy expenditure, energy intake, and hormonal appetite, via acylated ghrelin, after acute exercise. Using a randomized crossover design, 10 female adolescents (13–15 years old) completed two 7-day treatment weeks (2 days of maintenance, 1 day of treatment, and a 4-day follow-up), interspersed with a 1-week period. On day 3, 47 min of netball-based exercise or sedentary activity was imposed with a test meal 1 h later. Measures of energy expenditure, subjective appetite, test meal energy intake, plasma acylated ghrelin, insulin, and glucose were taken during this period. Energy intake compensation for the exercise period was calculated. Four-day follow-up measures were daily subjective appetite, energy intake, energy expenditure, and energy balance. Girls felt more full 20 min during the netball-based exercise bout compared with sedentary activity (87 ± 15 mm vs. 75 ± 24 mm). An energy intake compensation of 27% was identified for the netball-based exercise. Compared with immediately before exercise or sedentary activity, plasma acylated ghrelin was elevated 45 min after netball (103.8 ± 56.9 pg·mL−1 vs. 85.7 ± 26.9 pg·mL−1; n = 7) and sedentary activity (98.2 ± 27.1 pg·mL−1 vs. 60.8 ± 33.5 pg·mL−1; n = 7) but not different between treatments. Adolescent girls (13–15 years old) only partially compensated for the netball-based exercise-induced energy expenditure. The effect of exercise on appetite needs to be further explored in adolescents, whereby nutritional behaviour is tracked for more than 1 week to investigate full compensation for acute exercise.

scholarly journals Ghrelin and acyl ghrelin in preterm infants and maternal blood: relationship with endocrine and anthropometric measures

2008 ◽  
Vol 158 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Lányi ◽  
Ákos Várnagy ◽  
Kálmán A Kovács ◽  
Tamás Csermely ◽  
Mária Szász ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Ghrelin Concentration ◽  
Anthropometric Features ◽  
Total Ghrelin ◽  
Acyl Ghrelin

ObjectiveThe objective of the present study was to examine the association of acylated and total ghrelin levels at birth in preterm infants with anthropometric features and with related hormones in infants and their mothers.DesignProspective, descriptive study.MethodsIn total 23 pregnant women and their 26 preterm infants were involved in the study (3 twin pregnancies; gestational age, 25–35 weeks). Maternal and umbilical vein blood samples were taken after the delivery. Serum acylated and total ghrelin, leptin, cortisol, insulin, GH, and glucose were determined.ResultsThe mean level of acylated ghrelin concentration was higher in the maternal than in the cord blood (P<0.01) and there was a significant correlation between the fetal and maternal acylated ghrelin levels (P<0.01). The total ghrelin concentration was higher in neonates than in mothers (P<0.01), but there was no correlation between them. The multivariate regression analysis for fetal acylated and maternal total ghrelin as dependent variables shows that the fetal acylated ghrelin has two independent predictors, the maternal acylated ghrelin (P<0.01) and the fetal cortisol (P<0.05), whereas the maternal total ghrelin has only one independent predictor, the maternal glucose (P<0.05).ConclusionsThese data provide the first evidence that umbilical cord acylated ghrelin concentrations are lower than in maternal blood and support the hypothesis that the acylation process in the fetus is partly affected by cortisol and the placenta may play a role in this process.

Dietary supplements affect the anabolic hormones after weight-training exercise

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 839-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Chandler ◽  
H. K. Byrne ◽  
J. G. Patterson ◽  
J. L. Ivy
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Weight Training ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Training Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Control

To examine the effect of carbohydrate and/or protein supplements on the hormonal state of the body after weight-training exercise, nine experienced male weight lifters were given water (Control) or an isocaloric carbohydrate (CHO; 1.5 g/kg body wt), protein (PRO; 1.38 g/kg body wt), or carbohydrate-protein (CHO/PRO; 1.06 g carbohydrate/kg body wt and 0.41 g protein/kg) supplement immediately and 2 h after a standardized weight-training workout. Venous blood samples were drawn before and immediately after exercise and during 8 h of recovery. Exercise induced elevations in lactate, glucose, testosterone, and growth hormone. CHO and CHO/PRO stimulated higher insulin concentrations than PRO and Control. CHO/PRO led to an increase in growth hormone 6 h postexercise that was greater than PRO and Control. Supplements had no effect on insulin-like growth factor I but caused a significant decline in testosterone. The decline in testosterone, however, was not associated with a decline in luteinizing hormone, suggesting an increased clearance of testosterone after supplementation. The results suggest that nutritive supplements after weight-training exercise can produce a hormonal environment during recovery that may be favorable to muscle growth by stimulating insulin and growth hormone elevations.

scholarly journals Exercise-induced prostacyclin release positively correlates with VO2max in young healthy men

2009 ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
JA Zoladz ◽  
J Majerczak ◽  
K Duda ◽  
S Chłopicki
Keyword(s):  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Healthy Men ◽  
Inflammatory Parameters ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Exercise Induced

In this study we have evaluated the effect of maximal incremental cycling exercise (IE) on the systemic release of prostacyclin (PGI2), assessed as plasma 6-keto-PGF1α concentration in young healthy men. Eleven physically active – untrained men (mean ± S.D.) aged 22.7 ± 2.1 years; body mass 76.3 ± 9.1 kg; BMI 23.30 ± 2.18 kg · m-2; maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) 46.5 ± 3.9 ml · kg-1 · min-1, performed an IE test until exhaustion. Plasma concentrations of 6-keto-PGF1α, lactate, and cytokines were measured in venous blood samples taken prior to the exercise and at the exhaustion. The net exercise-induced increase in 6-keto-PGF1α concentration, expressed as the difference between the end-exercise minus pre-exercise concentration positively correlated with VO2max (r=0.78, p=0.004) as well as with the net VO2 increase at exhaustion (r=0.81, p=0.003), but not with other respiratory, cardiac, metabolic or inflammatory parameters of the exercise (minute ventilation, heart rate, plasma lactate, IL-6 or TNF-α concentrations). The exercise-induced increase in 6-ketoPGF1α concentration was significantly higher (p=0.008) in a group of subjects (n=5) with the highest VO2max when compared to the group of subjects with the lowest VO2max, in which no increase in 6-keto-PGF1α concentration was found. In conclusion, we demonstrated, to our knowledge for the first time, that exerciseinduced release of PGI2 in young healthy men correlates with VO2max, suggesting that vascular capacity to release PGI2 in response to physical exercise represents an important factor characterizing exercise tolerance. Moreover, we postulate that the impairment of exercise-induced release of PGI2 leads to the increased cardiovascular hazard of vigorous exercise.

Combined effects of aerobic exercise and high-carbohydrate meal on plasma acylated ghrelin and levels of hunger

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geórgia Franco Becker ◽  
Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira Macedo ◽  
Giovani dos Santos Cunha ◽  
Jocelito Bijoldo Martins ◽  
Orlando Laitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Hunger Sensation

The present study investigated the effect of an aerobic exercise bout associated with a high-carbohydrate (CHO) meal on plasma levels of acylated ghrelin and hunger sensation. Eight healthy males performed an exercise (ET) and a control (CT) trial. In ET, participants performed a 60-min cycling exercise (∼70% of maximal oxygen uptake) after consuming a high-CHO meal. In the CT, participants remained at rest throughout the whole period after consuming the high-CHO meal. Hunger sensation was assessed and blood samples were taken to determine the levels of acylated ghrelin, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). There was suppression of hunger after consuming the meal in ET and CT (p = 0.028 and p = 0.011, respectively). Hunger increased in CT in the period correspondent to the exercise session (p = 0.017) and remained suppressed in the ET. The area under the curve for acylated ghrelin showed that its levels were lower in the ET compared with CT in the period of the exercise plus the immediate period (1 h) postexercise (60.7 vs. 96.75 pg·mL–1·2 h–1, respectively; p = 0.04). Inverse correlations between acylated ghrelin levels and insulin, TC, and TG levels at different time points were observed. In conclusion, these findings suggest that 1 bout of aerobic exercise maintains the meal-induced suppression of hunger. The mechanism underlying this effect may involve the exercise-induced suppression of acylated ghrelin. These results implicate that the combination of a high-CHO meal and aerobic exercise may effectively improve appetite control and body weight management.

scholarly journals Acylated ghrelin concentrations are markedly decreased during pregnancy in mothers with and without gestational diabetes: relationship with cholinesterase

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (5) ◽  
pp. E1093-E1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Tham ◽  
Jianhua Liu ◽  
Sheila Innis ◽  
David Thompson ◽  
Bruce D. Gaylinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Test Meal ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretion ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Desacyl Ghrelin

Acylated (octanoylated) ghrelin stimulates food intake and growth hormone secretion and is deacylated into desacyl ghrelin by butyrylcholinesterase. Acylated and desacyl ghrelin both promote adipogenesis. Ghrelin concentrations decrease with hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinism. We hypothesized that 1) acylated ghrelin increases during pregnancy, contributing positively to energy balance, but is lower in women with gestational diabetes and 2) butyrylcholinesterase activity is inversely correlated with acylated ghrelin concentrations. In a first group of subjects, using two-site sandwich ghrelin assays that specifically detect full-length forms, we investigated women with and without gestational diabetes ( n = 14/group) during pregnancy and after delivery. We examined whether changes in ghrelin during a test meal were correlated with changes in pituitary growth hormone [assessed through calculation of the area under the curve (AUC) during the test meal]. In postpartum subjects, the percent of total ghrelin that is acylated was four to five times higher than previously observed using single antibody assays. During pregnancy, acylated ghrelin concentrations (mean ± SE) were lower compared with the postpartum period throughout the meal (AUC 1.2 ± 0.2 vs. 10.2 ± 1.9 ng·ml−1·90 min−1, P < 0.001). In the postpartum, acylated ghrelin and growth hormone were positively correlated ( r = 0.50, P = 0.007). Desacyl (but not acylated) ghrelin was increased in subjects with gestational diabetes during and after pregnancy (AUC 15.4 ± 1.9 vs. 8.6 ± 1.2 ng·ml−1·90 min−1, P = 0.005). In a second group of subjects ( n = 13), acylated ghrelin was similarly suppressed during pregnancy. Circulating octanoate concentrations (3.1 ± 0.5 vs. 4.5 ± 0.6 μg/ml, P = 0.029) and cholinesterase activity (705 ± 33 vs. 1,013 ± 56 U/ml, P < 0.001) were lower during pregnancy compared with the postpartum period. In conclusion, acylated ghrelin markedly decreases during pregnancy, likely because of a decrease in the acylation process. Desacyl ghrelin increases in gestational diabetes, possibly reflecting resistance to the inhibitory effect of insulin on ghrelin secretion.

Trans-resveratrol supplement lowers lipid peroxidation responses of exercise in male Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoud Nasiri ◽  
Saja Ahmadizad ◽  
Mehdi Hedayati ◽  
Tayebe Zarekar ◽  
Mehdi Seydyousefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Acute Response ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Physical exercise increases free radicals production; antioxidant supplementation may improve the muscle fiber’s ability to scavenge ROS and protect muscles against exercise-induced oxidative damage. This study was designed to examine the effects of all-trans resveratrol supplementation as an antioxidant to mediate anti-oxidation and lipid per-oxidation responses to exercise in male Wistar rats. Sixty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal number (n = 16) including training + supplement (TS), training (T), supplement (S) and control (C) group. The rats in TS and S groups received a dose of 10 mg/kg resveratrol per day via gavage. The training groups ran on a rodent treadmill 5 times per week at the speed of 10 m/min for 10 min; the speed gradually increased to 30 m/min for 60 minutes at the end of 12th week. The acute phase of exercise protocol included a speed of 25 m/min set to an inclination of 10° to the exhaustion point. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) activity, non-enzymatic antioxidants bilirubin, uric acid, lipid peroxidation levels (MDA) and the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured after the exercise termination. The data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. The result showed that endurance training caused a significant increase in MDA level [4.5 ± 0.75 (C group) vs. 5.9 ± 0.41 nmol/l (T group)] whereas it decreased the total antioxidant capacity [8.5 ± 1.35 (C group) vs. 7.1 ± 0.55 mmol/l (T group)] (p = 0.001). In addition, GPx and CAT decreased but not significantly (p > 0.05). The training and t-resveratrol supplementation had no significant effect on the acute response of all variables except MDA [4.3 ± 1.4 (C group) vs. 4.0 ± 0.90 nmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.001) and TAC [8.5 ± 0.90 (C group) vs. 6.6 ± 0.80 mmol/l (TS group)] (p = 0.004). It was concluded that resveratrol supplementation may prevent exercise-induced oxidative stress by preventing lipid peroxidation.

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