Combined effects of aerobic exercise and high-carbohydrate meal on plasma acylated ghrelin and levels of hunger

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geórgia Franco Becker ◽  
Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira Macedo ◽  
Giovani dos Santos Cunha ◽  
Jocelito Bijoldo Martins ◽  
Orlando Laitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Hunger Sensation

The present study investigated the effect of an aerobic exercise bout associated with a high-carbohydrate (CHO) meal on plasma levels of acylated ghrelin and hunger sensation. Eight healthy males performed an exercise (ET) and a control (CT) trial. In ET, participants performed a 60-min cycling exercise (∼70% of maximal oxygen uptake) after consuming a high-CHO meal. In the CT, participants remained at rest throughout the whole period after consuming the high-CHO meal. Hunger sensation was assessed and blood samples were taken to determine the levels of acylated ghrelin, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). There was suppression of hunger after consuming the meal in ET and CT (p = 0.028 and p = 0.011, respectively). Hunger increased in CT in the period correspondent to the exercise session (p = 0.017) and remained suppressed in the ET. The area under the curve for acylated ghrelin showed that its levels were lower in the ET compared with CT in the period of the exercise plus the immediate period (1 h) postexercise (60.7 vs. 96.75 pg·mL–1·2 h–1, respectively; p = 0.04). Inverse correlations between acylated ghrelin levels and insulin, TC, and TG levels at different time points were observed. In conclusion, these findings suggest that 1 bout of aerobic exercise maintains the meal-induced suppression of hunger. The mechanism underlying this effect may involve the exercise-induced suppression of acylated ghrelin. These results implicate that the combination of a high-CHO meal and aerobic exercise may effectively improve appetite control and body weight management.

Effects of hormone replacement on growth hormone and prolactin exercise responses in postmenopausal women

1998 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Kraemer ◽  
L. G. Johnson ◽  
R. Haltom ◽  
G. R. Kraemer ◽  
H. Gaines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Intravenous Catheter ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Exercise Induced

Kraemer, R. R., L. G. Johnson, R. Haltom, G. R. Kraemer, H. Gaines, M. Drapcho, T. Gimple, and V. Daniel Castracane. Effects of hormone replacement on growth hormone and prolactin exercise responses in postmenopausal women. J. Appl. Physiol. 84(2): 703–708, 1998.—Exercise elevates growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) blood concentrations in premenopausal women. Postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) maintain higher estrogen levels that could affect GH and PRL. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of HRT on GH and PRL responses to treadmill exercise. Seventeen healthy women who were postmenopausal (naturally or surgically) [8 on HRT; 9 not on HRT (NHRT)], completed 30 min of treadmill exercise at 79.16 ± 1.2% maximal O2 consumption (HRT group) and 80.19 ± 0.91% maximal O2 consumption (NHRT group). Blood samples were collected from an intravenous catheter during an exercise session and during a control session without exercise. GH and PRL concentrations were significantly higher in the exercise trial than in the nonexercise trial, whereas resting concentrations were similar for both trials. GH and PRL peaked at 10.8 ± 1.60 and 12.67 ± 2.58 ng/ml, respectively, for HRT subjects and at 4.90 ± 1.18 and 9.04 ± 2.17 ng/ml, respectively, for NHRT subjects. GH concentrations in the exercise trial were significantly higher for HRT than for NHRT subjects. This is the first study to demonstrate that HRT enhances treadmill-exercise-induced GH release and that similar PRL responses to treadmill exercise occur in postmenopausal women regardless of HRT status.

Impaired postprandial fullness in Type 2 diabetic subjects is rescued by acute exercise independently of total and acylated ghrelin

2013 ◽  
Vol 115 (5) ◽  
pp. 618-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sine H. Knudsen ◽  
Kristian Karstoft ◽  
Thomas P. J. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Postprandial Fullness ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
The Impact

Ghrelin levels are suppressed in obese subjects and subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Exercise-stimulated decreases in plasma ghrelin are a proposed mediator of exercise-induced satiety in healthy subjects. However, exercise-induced satiety and the impact of impaired ghrelin levels in obesity-related disease are poorly understood. Therefore our objective was to investigate exercise-induced postprandial satiety and ghrelin responses in overweight subjects with T2DM ( N = 8) and healthy controls ( N = 7). Visual analog scale satiety questionnaires (assessing hunger, thirst, food that could be eaten, nausea, and fullness) and circulating levels of glucose, insulin, and total and acylated ghrelin were measured at baseline and in response to a 75 g oral glucose load, provided immediately after an aerobic exercise bout (1 h at 50% Wmax) or no exercise (rest trial), on two separate occasions. Baseline levels of total (284.4 ± 15.9 and 397.6 ± 35.2 pmol/l) and acylated ghrelin (7.9 ± 1.0 and 13.7 ± 1.2 pmol/l) were lower in subjects with T2DM compared with healthy subjects ( P < 0.05). In the rest trial, post- vs. preprandial feeling of fullness increased in healthy subjects but decreased in subjects with T2DM (healthy vs. T2DM; P < 0.05). Exercise increased postprandial fullness in the T2DM group ( P < 0.05), while plasma ghrelin levels were unaffected. Our data suggest that the presence of T2DM likely drives suppressed ghrelin levels and poor appetite regulation, but a single exercise bout is sufficient to restore oral glucose-induced fullness independently of ghrelin.

Plasma glycerol during the acute post-exercise recovery period: influence of exercise intensity

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
R.J. Bloomer ◽  
T.M. Farney
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Exercise Recovery ◽  
Post Exercise ◽  
Post Exercise Recovery

Intensity of exercise can influence substrate utilization, with increasing intensity resulting in lower rates of fat oxidation and the reliance on carbohydrate as the preferred fuel. Fat oxidation (or more specifically, mobilization) can be assessed via the measurement of circulating glycerol, with most prior research focusing on aerobic exercise and measurements obtained during the actual exercise bout. The present study determined the degree of fat oxidation/mobilization by measuring plasma glyctierol concentrations during the one hour post-exercise recovery period following three difference exercise bouts. On four different days, exercise trained men (n=12; 23.7±1.1 years) either rested quietly or performed aerobic cycle exercise (60 min at 70% heart rate reserve), 60 s cycle sprints at 100% max wattage obtained during graded exercise testing (GXT) - a total of five, or 15 s cycle sprints at 200% max wattage obtained during GXT - a total of 10. Blood was collected before and at 1, 30 and 60 min post-exercise. Haematocrit and haemoglobin were measured to correct for changes in plasma volume. Glycerol was analysed in plasma and the area under the curve was calculated. Glycerol increased across time (P<0.0001) from pre-exercise (8.4±0.3 μg/dl) to 1 min (13.1±0.7 μg/dl), 30 min (11.3±0.6 μg/dl) and 60 min (9.1±0.5 μg/dl) post-exercise, with 1 min and 30 min post-exercise greater than pre-exercise and 60 min post-exercise (P<0.05). Area under the curve was greater (P=0.0004) for aerobic exercise (24.7±2.0 μg/dl/h), 60 second sprints (23.4±1.9 μg/dl/h) and 15 sec sprints (24.4±1.5 μg/dl/h), as compared to rest (15.3±0.8 μg/dl/h), with no differences noted between exercise bouts (P≯0.05). All exercise bouts increase circulating glycerol, with no differences noted between bouts. Although previous data indicate that low intensity aerobic exercise results in greater fat oxidation than high intensity exercise (when assessed during the actual exercise session), our findings suggest that high intensity exercise may result in similar fat oxidation/mobilization as compared to aerobic exercise during the acute post-exercise period.

scholarly journals The period of the day affects the twenty-four hour blood pressure response to an acute combined exercise session in Brazilian jiu jitsu athletes

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289
Author(s):  
Rafaello Pinheiro Mazzoccante ◽  
Ioranny Raquel Castro de Sousa ◽  
Sérgio Rodrigues Moreira ◽  
Jonato Prestes ◽  
Herbert Gustavo Simões ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Morning Session ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Afternoon Session ◽  
Combined Exercise ◽  
Session Versus

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a combined exercise session performed at different periods of the day on the 24h blood pressure (BP) response. Anaerobic threshold (AT) and 12 repetition maximum (12RM) tests were evaluated in nine Brazilian jiu-jitsu athletes (male) (22±3.7 y; 176±5.0 cm; 73.4±9.7 kg; 6.8±2.1 % body fat). Four experimental sessions were performed: resistance exercise followed by aerobic exercise [Morning (MornS) and Afternoon (AfternS)] and Control (C) [Morning and Afternoon]. The morning sessions were conducted at 09:00 a.m. and the afternoon sessions were conducted at 3:00 p.m. The resistance exercise consisted of three sets at 90% of a 12RM for six resistance exercises. The aerobic exercise consisted of 15min at 90% of the AT. Blood pressure (BP) was measured before, during and 1h (Microlife(r) BP3A1C) after the performance of exercises in laboratory, and then during daily activities for the succeeding 23h by ambulatory BP monitoring (Dyna-MAPA(r)). Analysis of the area under the curve (AUC) indicated significant reductions in blood pressure parameters at various time points during the 24h monitoring period. For systolic BP (SBP), significantly lower values were shown following the morning session versus the control (MornS: 1756.2±100.8 vs. C: 1818.2±84.3 mmHg*15h; p < .05) and total-24h (MornS: 2695.8±143.3 vs. C: 2784.1±143.2 mmHg*24h; p < .05). The total-24h mean BP (MAP) was also significantly lower following the morning session versus the control (MornS: 2015.7±121.2 vs. C: 2087.3±153.8 mmHg*24h; p < .05). There were significant differences in the sleeping AUC of SBP (AfternS: 883.6±27.0 vs. C: 965.2±67.9 mmHg*9h; p< .05), diastolic BP (DBP) (AfternS: 481.4±30.9 vs. MornS: 552.9±34.2 and C: 562.1±52.3 mmHg*9h; p < .01) and MBP (AfternS: 651.9±22.4 vs. MornS: 708.7±43.1 and C: 726.9±64.7 mmHg*9h; p < .01). The combined exercise performed at different periods of the day contributed distinctly to the reduction of BP. The morning session was important in reducing SBP and MBP in the total-24h monitoring, while the afternoon session reduced SBP, DBP and MBP during sleeping in jiu-Jitsu athletes.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of Yoga on Executive Function

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Gothe ◽  
Matthew B. Pontifex ◽  
Charles Hillman ◽  
Edward McAuley
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Cognitive Assessments ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
The Relationship

Background:Despite an increase in the prevalence of yoga exercise, research focusing on the relationship between yoga exercise and cognition is limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an acute yoga exercise session, relative to aerobic exercise, on cognitive performance.Methods:A repeated measures design was employed where 30 female college-aged participants (Mean age = 20.07, SD = 1.95) completed 3 counterbalanced testing sessions: a yoga exercise session, an aerobic exercise session, and a baseline assessment. The flanker and n-back tasks were used to measure cognitive performance.Results:Results showed that cognitive performance after the yoga exercise bout was significantly superior (ie, shorter reaction times, increased accuracy) as compared with the aerobic and baseline conditions for both inhibition and working memory tasks. The aerobic and baseline performance was not significantly different, contradicting some of the previous findings in the acute aerobic exercise and cognition literature.Conclusion:These findings are discussed relative to the need to explore the effects of other nontraditional modes of exercise such as yoga on cognition and the importance of time elapsed between the cessation of the exercise bout and the initiation of cognitive assessments in improving task performance.

Exercise increases the level of plasma orexin A in humans

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Messina ◽  
Giovanni Di Bernardo ◽  
Andrea Viggiano ◽  
Vincenzo De Luca ◽  
Vincenzo Monda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
The Other ◽  
Orexin A ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Skin Response ◽  
Exercise Induced

AbstractBackground:The purpose of this research was to study the effects of exercise on the concentration of plasma orexin A, a peptide regulating several physiological functions.Methods:Blood samples were collected from participants (men, n=10; age: 24.4±2.93 years) 15, 0 min before the start of exercise, and 30, 45, 60 min after a cycle ergometer exercise at 75 W for 15 min. Also heart rate (HR), galvanic skin response (GSR), and rectal temperature were monitored.Results:The exercise induced a significant increase (p<0.01) in plasmatic orexin A with a peak at 30 min after the exercise bout, in association with an increase of the other three monitored variables: HR (p<0.01), GSR (p<0.05), and rectal temperature (p<0.01).Conclusions:Our findings indicate that plasmatic orexin A is involved in the reaction to physical activity.

Acylated Ghrelin and Circulatory Oxidative Stress Markers Responses to Acute Resistance and Aerobic Exercise in Postmenopausal Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 632-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randhall B. Carteri ◽  
André Luis Lopes ◽  
Cinthia M. Schöler ◽  
Cleiton Silva Correa ◽  
Rodrigo C. Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

Background:Since exercise increases the production of reactive oxygen species in different tissues, the objective of this study is to evaluate, compare and correlate the acute effects of aerobic and resistance exercise in circulatory markers of oxidative stress and acylated ghrelin (AG) in postmenopausal women.Methods:Ten postmenopausal women completed different protocols: a control session (CON), an aerobic exercise session (AERO); and a single-set (SSR) or 3-set (MSR) resistance exercise protocol.Results:After exercise, both MSR (P = .06) and AERO (P = .02) sessions showed significant increased lipid peroxidation compared with baseline levels. CON and SSR sessions showed no differences after exercise. No differences were found between sessions at any time for total glutathione, glutathione dissulfide or AG concentrations.Conclusions:Exercise significantly increased lipid peroxidation compared with baseline values. As pro oxidant stimuli is necessary to promote chronic adaptations to the antioxidant defenses induced by exercise, our findings are important to consider when evaluating exercise programs prescription variables aiming quality of life in this population.

scholarly journals Effect of exercise intensity and mode on acute appetite control in men and women

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1083-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Leme Gonçalves Panissa ◽  
Ursula Ferreira Julio ◽  
Felipe Hardt ◽  
Carolina Kurashima ◽  
Fábio Santos Lira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Relative Energy ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Maximal Load

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of exercise intensity on appetite control: relative energy intake (energy intake minus the energy expenditure of exercise; REI), hunger scores, and appetite-regulating hormones in men and women. Eleven men and 9 women were submitted to 4 experimental sessions: high-intensity intermittent all-out exercise (HIIE-A) for 60 × 8 s interspersed by 12 s of passive recovery; high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE) at 100% of maximal load attained in incremental test; steady-state exercise at 60% of maximal load, matched by work done; and a control session. Exercise was performed 1.5 h after a standardized breakfast, and an ad libitum lunch was offered 4 h after breakfast. Blood concentration of insulin, cortisol, acylated ghrelin, peptideYY3-36, glucose, and hunger scores were measured when fasting, and at 1.5, 2, 3.25, and 4 h of experiment. REI was lower in all exercises than in the control, without differences between exercises and sex showing no compensation in energy intake because of any exercise; the hunger scores were lower only in the exercises performed at higher intensity (HIIE and HIIE-A) compared with the control. The area under the curve of acylated ghrelin was lower in the HIIE-A when compared with the control. PeptideYY3-36 was higher in men than women and cortisol higher in women than men independently of the condition. Although high-intensity exercises promoted a little more pronounced effects in the direction of suppressing the appetite, no differences were observed in REI, demonstrating that these modifications were not sufficient to affect energy intake.

Cardiovascular Fitness and Vascular Inflammatory Markers after Acute Aerobic Exercise

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric P. Plaisance ◽  
J. Kyle Taylor ◽  
Sofiya Alhassan ◽  
Asheber Abebe ◽  
Michael L. Mestek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Cardiovascular Fitness ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and white-blood-cell (WBC) count are strongly associated with cardiovascular disease. The authors’ purpose was to compare the inflammatory response to a single aerobic-exercise session between individuals of high and moderate fitness. Ten apparently healthy highly ft and 11 moderately ft men expended 500 kcal at 70% of VO2peak. Fasting blood samples were obtained on 2 consecutive days before and again at 24, 72, and 120 h post exercise. Blood samples were analyzed for CRP, fibrinogen, and WBC count. CRP was 76% lower at baseline in the highly ft group than in the moderately ft group (P = 0.03). CRP, fibrinogen, and WBC count remained unaltered, however, in the days after exercise (P > 0.05 for all). These findings suggest that markers of inflammation are stable in the days after a single session of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise in apparently healthy men of at least average fitness.

scholarly journals Energy compensation after an aerobic exercise session in high-fat/low-fit and low-fat/high-fit young male subjects

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 1133-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyne Charlot ◽  
Didier Chapelot
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Energy Compensation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Male Subjects

There is general agreement that exercise-induced energy expenditure is not entirely compensated for at the next meal or over the following 24 h, but inter-individual variability is high. The role of ‘fatness and fitness’ in this variability has never been assessed. Therefore, eighteen non-obese male subjects aged 22·2 (sd2·0) years were selected and separated into a ‘high-fatness and low-fitness’ (Hfat/Lfit,n9) and a ‘low-fatness and high-fitness’ (Lfat/Hfit,n9) group, according to three criteria: maximal oxygen uptake; weekly hours of physical activity; fat mass index. At 1 h before lunch, they were subjected to 60 min of exercise on a cycle ergometer (70 % VO2max), or stayed at rest. Then, they self-reported food intake in diaries until the next breakfast. Intake at lunch was not different between conditions, but was higher after exercise than after rest over the 24 h, leading to a significant but partial mean level of compensation of 49·8 (sem16·5) and 37·8 (sem24·6) % for the Hfat/Lfit and Lfat/Hfit groups, respectively. Energy compensation at lunch and over the 24 h were strongly correlated (r0·76,P< 0·001). Both groups consumed more fat and protein after exercise than after rest over the 24 h, but the percentage of energy derived from fat increased only in the Hfat/Lfit group (2·1 (sem0·6) %,P= 0·026). Thus, the energy cost of an aerobic exercise session was partially compensated over the next 24 h independently of the ‘fatness and fitness’ status, but ‘high-fat and low-fit’ individuals compensated more specifically on fats.

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