The influence of vigorous running and cycling exercise on hunger perceptions and plasma acylated ghrelin concentrations in lean young men

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy K. Wasse ◽  
Caroline Sunderland ◽  
James A. King ◽  
Masashi Miyashita ◽  
David J. Stensel
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Similar Extent ◽  
Ghrelin Concentration ◽  
Cycling Exercise ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Analogue Scales ◽  
Over Time

Vigorous running suppresses plasma acylated ghrelin concentrations but the limited literature on cycling suggests that acylated ghrelin is unchanged, perhaps because body mass is supported during cycling. It is important from a research and applied perspective to determine whether acylated ghrelin and hunger responses are exercise-mode specific. This study sought to examine this. Eleven recreationally active males fasted overnight and completed three 4-h trials: control, running, and cycling, in a random order. Participants rested throughout the control trial and ran or cycled at 70% of mode-specific maximal oxygen uptake for the first hour during exercise trials, resting thereafter. Hunger was measured every 0.5 h using visual analogue scales. Eight venous blood samples were collected to determine acylated ghrelin concentrations and a standardised meal was consumed at 3 h. Compared with the control trial, acylated ghrelin concentrations were suppressed to a similar extent at 0.5 and 1 h during the running (p < 0.005) and cycling (p < 0.001) trials. Area under the curve values for ghrelin concentration over time were lower during exercise trials versus control (Control: 606 ± 379; Running: 455 ± 356; Cycling: 448 ± 315 pg·mL−1·4 h−1; mean ± SD, p < 0.05). Hunger values did not differ significantly between trials but an interaction effect (p < 0.05) indicated a tendency for hunger to be suppressed during exercise. Thus, at similar relative exercise intensities, plasma acylated ghrelin concentrations are suppressed to a similar extent during running and cycling.

scholarly journals Exercise-induced suppression of acylated ghrelin in humans

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 2165-2171 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Broom ◽  
D. J. Stensel ◽  
N. C. Bishop ◽  
S. F. Burns ◽  
M. Miyashita
Keyword(s):  
Test Meal ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Vigorous Exercise ◽  
Ghrelin Concentration ◽  
Total Ghrelin ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Random Crossover ◽  
And Control

Ghrelin is an orexigenic hormone secreted from endocrine cells in the stomach and other tissues. Acylation of ghrelin is essential for appetite regulation. Vigorous exercise induces appetite suppression, but this does not appear to be related to suppressed concentrations of total ghrelin. This study examined the effect of exercise and feeding on plasma acylated ghrelin and appetite. Nine male subjects aged 19–25 yr participated in two, 9-h trials (exercise and control) in a random crossover design. Trials began at 0800 in the morning after an overnight fast. In the exercise trial, subjects ran for 60 min at 72% of maximum oxygen uptake between 0800 and 0900. After this, they rested for 8 h and consumed a test meal at 1100. In the control trial, subjects rested for 9 h and consumed a test meal at 1100. Area under the curve values for plasma acylated ghrelin concentration (assessed from venous blood samples) were lower over the first 3 h and the full 9 h of the exercise trial compared with the control trial: 317 ± 135 vs. 510 ± 186 pg·ml−1·3 h and 917 ± 342 vs. 1,401 ± 521 pg·ml−1·9 h (means ± SE) respectively ( P <0.05). Area under the curve values for hunger (assessed using a visual scale) were lower over the first 3 h of the exercise trial compared with the control trial ( P = 0.013). These findings demonstrate that plasma acylated ghrelin concentration and hunger are suppressed during running.

Effect of exercise on acute postprandial glucose concentrations and interleukin-6 responses in sedentary and overweight males

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1298-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Raman ◽  
Jeremiah J. Peiffer ◽  
Gerard F. Hoyne ◽  
Nathan G. Lawler ◽  
Andrew J. Currie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Intermittent Exercise ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Blood Samples

This study examined the effect of 2 forms of exercise on glucose tolerance and the concurrent changes in markers associated with the interleukin (IL)-6 pathways. Fifteen sedentary, overweight males (29.0 ± 3.1 kg/m2) completed 2 separate, 3-day trials in randomised and counterbalanced order. An oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT; 75 g) was performed at the same time on each day of the trial. Day 2 of each trial consisted of a single 30-min workload-matched bout of either high-intensity intermittent exercise (HIIE; alternating 100% and 50% of peak oxygen uptake) or continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME; 60 % of peak oxygen uptake) completed 1 h prior to the OGTT. Venous blood samples were collected before, immediately after, 1 h after, and 25 h after exercise for measurement of insulin, C-peptide, IL-6, and the soluble IL-6 receptors (sIL-6R; soluble glycoprotein 130 (sgp130)). Glucose area under the curve (AUC) was calculated from capillary blood samples collected throughout the OGTT. Exercise resulted in a modest (4.4%; p = 0.003) decrease in the glucose AUC when compared with the pre-exercise AUC; however, no differences were observed between exercise conditions (p = 0.65). IL-6 was elevated immediately after and 1 h after exercise, whilst sgp130 and sIL-6R concentrations were reduced immediately after exercise. In summary, exercise was effective in reducing glucose AUC, which was attributed to improvements that took place between 60 and 120 min into the OGTT, and was in parallel with an increased ratio of IL-6 to sIL-6R, which accords with an increased activation via the “classical” IL-6 signalling pathway. Our findings suggest that acute HIIE did not improve glycaemic response when compared with CME.

scholarly journals Use of Quantitative Dried Blood Spots to Evaluate the Post-Vaccination Level of Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1125
Author(s):  
Alexandre Marchand ◽  
Ingrid Roulland ◽  
Florian Semence ◽  
Olof Beck ◽  
Magnus Ericsson
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Dried Blood Spots ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Blood Spot ◽  
Over Time

To combat the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are now given to protect populations worldwide. The level of neutralizing antibodies following the vaccination will evolve with time and vary between individuals. Immunoassays quantifying immunoglobulins against the viral spike (S) protein in serum/plasma have been developed, but the need for venous blood samples could limit the frequency and scale of control in populations. The use of a quantitative dried blood spot (DBS) that can be self-collected would simplify this monitoring. The objective of this study was to determine whether a quantitative DBS device (Capitainer qDBS 10 µL) could be used in combination with an Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S immunoassay from Roche to follow the development and persistence of anti-S antibodies. This objective was carried out through two clinical studies. The first study investigated 14 volunteers who received two doses of the Comirnaty (Pfizer) vaccine. The levels of anti-S antibodies and the progression over time post-vaccination were studied for three months. The level of produced antibodies varied between subjects, but a similar trend was observed. The anti-S antibodies were highly stimulated by the second dose (×100) and peaked two weeks later. The antibody levels subsequently decreased and three months later were down to 65%. DBS proved to be sufficiently sensitive for use in evaluating the immune status against SARS-CoV-2 over a prolonged time. The second cohort was composed of 200 random patients from a clinical chemistry department in Stockholm. In this cohort, we had no information on previous COVID-19 infections or vaccination. Nevertheless, 87% of the subjects had anti-S immunoglobulins over 0.8 U/mL, and the bias between plasma and DBS proved to be variable, as was also seen in the first vaccination study.

scholarly journals Magnitude of rise in proneurotensin is related to amount of triglyceride appearance in blood after a standardized oral intake of both saturated and unsaturated fats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Fawad ◽  
Celine Fernandez ◽  
Andreas Bergmann ◽  
Joachim Struck ◽  
Peter M Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Intestinal Fat Absorption

Abstract Background: In rodents, neurotensin contributes to high fat diet induced obesity by facilitation of intestinal fat absorption. The effect of oral lipid load on plasma proneurotensin and relationship with plasma triglycerides in humans is unknown. Aim: To investigate the acute effects of an oral lipid load on proneurotensin and plasma triglycerides and their interrelationships in healthy individuals. Setting/ Methods: Twenty-two healthy subjects were given 150 mL of full milk cream (54g fat) and 59 mL of pure olive oil (54 g fat) in the fasted state at two different occasions separated by at least 1 week in random order. Venous blood was drawn at fasted before 0 hours (h) and at 1h, 2h and 4h after ingestion. Post-ingested values of proneurotensin and plasma triglycerides were compared with fasting levels and post ingestion Area Under the Curve (AUC) of proneurotensin was correlated with that of plasma triglycerides. Results: An immediate rise of plasma proneurotensin and plasma triglycerides were observed after ingestion of cream with maximum increase at 2 h for proneurotensin [mean (95% confidence interval)] of 22 (12-31) pmol/L (P<0.001) and at 3 h for triglycerides of 0.60 (0.43-0.78) mmol/L (P<0.001). Similarly, plasma proneurotensin and plasma triglycerides increased after ingestion of olive oil with maximum increase of proneurotensin at 3 h of 62 (46-78) pmol/L (P<0.001) and plasma triglycerides at 3 h of 0.32 (0.18-0.45) mmol/L (P<0.001). The post lipid load AUC for proneurotensin correlated significantly with the AUC for plasma triglycerides both after cream (r=0.49, P=0.021 ) and olive oil (r=0.55, P=0.008 ), respectively. Conclusion: Proneurotensin increases after an oral lipid load of both cream and olive oil and the rise of post-ingestion plasma triglycerides is significantly related to the rise of post-ingestion proneurotensin.

scholarly journals Effect of the perception of breakfast consumption on subsequent appetite and energy intake in healthy males

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommy Slater ◽  
William J. A. Mode ◽  
John Hough ◽  
Ruth M. James ◽  
Craig Sale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Cumulative Energy Intake ◽  
Desire To Eat ◽  
Healthy Males

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to assess the effects of consuming a very-low-energy placebo breakfast on subsequent appetite and lunch energy intake. Methods Fourteen healthy males consumed water-only (WAT), very-low-energy, viscous placebo (containing water, low-calorie flavoured squash, and xanthan gum; ~ 16 kcal; PLA), and whole-food (~ 573 kcal; FOOD) breakfasts in a randomised order. Subjects were blinded to the energy content of PLA and specific study aims. Venous blood samples were collected pre-breakfast, 60- and 180-min post-breakfast to assess plasma acylated ghrelin and peptide tyrosine tyrosine concentrations. Subjective appetite was measured regularly, and energy intake was assessed at an ad libitum lunch meal 195-min post-breakfast. Results Lunch energy intake was lower during FOOD compared to WAT (P < 0.05), with no further differences between trials (P ≥ 0.132). Cumulative energy intake (breakfast plus lunch) was lower during PLA (1078 ± 274 kcal) and WAT (1093 ± 249 kcal), compared to FOOD (1554 ± 301 kcal; P < 0.001). Total area under the curve (AUC) for hunger, desire to eat and prospective food consumption were lower, and fullness was greater during PLA and FOOD compared to WAT (P < 0.05). AUC for hunger was lower during FOOD compared to PLA (P < 0.05). During FOOD, acylated ghrelin was suppressed compared to PLA and WAT at 60 min (P < 0.05), with no other hormonal differences between trials (P ≥ 0.071). Conclusion Consuming a very-low-energy placebo breakfast does not alter energy intake at lunch but may reduce cumulative energy intake across breakfast and lunch and attenuate elevations in subjective appetite associated with breakfast omission. Trial registration NCT04735783, 2nd February 2021, retrospectively registered.

Influence of rest and exercise at a simulated altitude of 4,000 m on appetite, energy intake, and plasma concentrations of acylated ghrelin and peptide YY

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 552-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy K. Wasse ◽  
Caroline Sunderland ◽  
James A. King ◽  
Rachel L. Batterham ◽  
David J. Stensel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Visual Analog Scales ◽  
Ad Libitum

The reason for high altitude anorexia is unclear but could involve alterations in the appetite hormones ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY). This study examined the effect of resting and exercising in hypoxia (12.7% O2; ∼4,000 m) on appetite, energy intake, and plasma concentrations of acylated ghrelin and PYY. Ten healthy males completed four, 7-h trials in an environmental chamber in a random order. The four trials were control-normoxia, control-hypoxia, exercise-normoxia, and exercise-hypoxia. During exercise trials, participants ran for 60 min at 70% of altitude-specific maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max) and then rested. Participants rested throughout control trials. A standardized meal was consumed at 2 h and an ad libitum buffet meal at 5.5 h. Area under the curve values for hunger (assessed using visual analog scales) tended to be lower during hypoxic trials than normoxic trials (repeated-measures ANOVA, P = 0.07). Ad libitum energy intake was lower ( P = 0.001) in hypoxia (5,291 ± 2,189 kJ) than normoxia (7,718 ± 2,356 kJ; means ± SD). Mean plasma acylated ghrelin concentrations were lower in hypoxia than normoxia (82 ± 66 vs. 100 ± 69 pg/ml; P = 0.005) while PYY concentrations tended to be higher in normoxia (32 ± 4 vs. 30 ± 3 pmol/l; P = 0.059). Exercise suppressed hunger and acylated ghrelin and increased PYY but did not influence ad libitum energy intake. These findings confirm that hypoxia suppresses hunger and food intake. Further research is required to determine if decreased concentrations of acylated ghrelin orchestrate this suppression.

scholarly journals Magnitude of rise in proneurotensin is related to amount of triglyceride appearance in blood after standardized oral intake of both saturated and unsaturated fat

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Fawad ◽  
Celine Fernandez ◽  
Andreas Bergmann ◽  
Joachim Struck ◽  
Peter M. Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Intestinal Fat Absorption

Abstract Background In rodents, neurotensin contributes to high fat diet induced obesity by facilitation of intestinal fat absorption. The effect of oral lipid load on plasma proneurotensin and relationship with plasma triglycerides in humans is unknown. Aim To investigate the acute effects of an oral lipid load on proneurotensin and plasma triglycerides and their interrelationships in healthy individuals. Setting/ methods Twenty-two healthy subjects were given 150 mL of full milk cream (54 g fat) and 59 mL of pure olive oil (54 g fat) in the fasted state at two different occasions separated by at least 1 week in random order. Venous blood was drawn at fasted before 0 h (h) and at 1 h, 2 h and 4 h after ingestion. Post-ingested values of proneurotensin and plasma triglycerides were compared with fasting levels and post ingestion Area Under the Curve (AUC) of proneurotensin was correlated with that of plasma triglycerides. Results An immediate rise of plasma proneurotensin and plasma triglycerides were observed after ingestion of cream with maximum increase at 2 h for proneurotensin [mean (95% confidence interval)] of 22 (12–31) pmol/L (P < 0.001) and at 3 h for triglycerides of 0.60 (0.43–0.78) mmol/L (P < 0.001). Similarly, plasma proneurotensin and plasma triglycerides increased after ingestion of olive oil with maximum increase of proneurotensin at 3 h of 62 (46–78) pmol/L (P < 0.001) and plasma triglycerides at 3 h of 0.32 (0.18–0.45) mmol/L (P < 0.001). The post lipid load AUC for proneurotensin correlated significantly with the AUC for plasma triglycerides both after cream (r = 0.49, P = 0.021) and olive oil (r = 0.55, P = 0.008), respectively. Conclusion Proneurotensin increases after an oral lipid load of both cream and olive oil and the rise of post-ingestion plasma triglycerides is significantly related to the rise of post-ingestion proneurotensin.

scholarly journals Subjective Satiety Following Meals Incorporating Rice, Pasta and Potato

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuoshi Zhang ◽  
Bernard Venn ◽  
John Monro ◽  
Suman Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Lower Energy ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Visual Analogue Scales ◽  
Jasmine Rice ◽  
Lower Energy Density ◽  
Analogue Scales

The satiating capacity of carbohydrate staples eaten alone is dependent upon the energy density of the food but relative satiety when starchy staples are incorporated into mixed meals is uncertain. Our aim was to assess the satiating effects of three carbohydrate staples; jasmine rice, penne pasta, and Agria potato, each consumed within a standard mixed meal. Cooked portions of each staple containing 45 g carbohydrate were combined with 200 g of meat sauce and 200 g of mixed vegetables in three mixed meals. The quantities of staple providing 45 g carbohydrate were: Rice, 142 g; pasta, 138 g and potato 337 g. Participants (n = 14) consumed each of the mixed meals in random order on separate days. Satiety was assessed with using visual analogue scales at baseline and for 3 h post meal. In an area-under-the-curve comparison, participants felt less hungry (mean (SD)) following potato 263 (230) than following rice 374 (237) or pasta 444 (254) mm∙min, and felt fuller, more satisfied, and wanted to eat less following the potato compared with the rice and pasta meals (p for all <0.01). The superior satiating effect of potato compared with rice and pasta in a mixed meal was consistent with its lower energy density.

scholarly journals Magnitude Of Rise In Proneurotensin Is Related To Amount Of Triglyceride Appearance In Blood After A Standardized Oral Intake Of Both Saturated And Unsaturated Fat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Fawad ◽  
Celine Fernandez ◽  
Andreas Bergmann ◽  
Joachim Struck ◽  
Peter M Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Plasma Triglycerides ◽  
Unsaturated Fat

Abstract Background: In rodents, neurotensin contributes to high fat diet induced obesity by facilitation of intestinal fat absorption. The effect of oral lipid load on plasma proneurotensin and relationship with plasma triglycerides in humans is unknown.Aim: To investigate the acute effects of an oral lipid load (including both cream and olive oil) on proneurotensin and plasma triglycerides and their interrelationships in healthy individuals.Setting/ Methods: Twenty-two healthy subjects were given 150 ml of full milk cream (54g fat) and 59 ml of pure olive oil (54 g fat) in the fasted state at two different occasions separated by at least 1 week in random order. Venous blood samples were drawn at fasting,and hourly up to 4 hours after fat ingestion. We compared post-ingestion values of proneurotensin and plasma triglycerides with fasting levels. Further, post ingestion Area Under the Curve (AUC) of proneurotensin was correlated with the AUC of plasma triglycerides.Results: Rise of plasma proneurotensin and plasma triglycerides were observed after ingestion of cream with maximum increase at 2 hours for proneurotensin [mean (95% confidence interval)] of 22 (12-31) pmol/L (P<0.001) and at 3 hours for triglycerides of 0.60 (0.43-0.78) mmol/L (P<0.001). Similarly, plasma proneurotensin and plasma triglycerides increased after ingestion of olive oil with maximum increase of proneurotensin at 3 hours of 62 (46-78) pmol/L (P<0.001) and plasma triglycerides at 3 hours of 0.32 (0.18-0.45) mmol/L (P<0.001). The post lipid load AUC for proneurotensin correlated significantly with the AUC for plasma triglycerides both after cream (r=0.49, P=0.021) and olive oil (r=0.55, P=0.008), respectively.Conclusion: Proneurotensin increases after an oral lipid load of both cream and olive oil and the degree of rise of post-ingestion proneurotensin is significantly related to the rise of post-ingestion plasma triglycerides. Our human data support recent results from animal studies suggesting that neurotensin contributes to intestinal absorption of lipids into the blood stream.

Combined effects of aerobic exercise and high-carbohydrate meal on plasma acylated ghrelin and levels of hunger

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geórgia Franco Becker ◽  
Rodrigo Cauduro Oliveira Macedo ◽  
Giovani dos Santos Cunha ◽  
Jocelito Bijoldo Martins ◽  
Orlando Laitano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Exercise Session ◽  
Acylated Ghrelin ◽  
Appetite Control ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Hunger Sensation

The present study investigated the effect of an aerobic exercise bout associated with a high-carbohydrate (CHO) meal on plasma levels of acylated ghrelin and hunger sensation. Eight healthy males performed an exercise (ET) and a control (CT) trial. In ET, participants performed a 60-min cycling exercise (∼70% of maximal oxygen uptake) after consuming a high-CHO meal. In the CT, participants remained at rest throughout the whole period after consuming the high-CHO meal. Hunger sensation was assessed and blood samples were taken to determine the levels of acylated ghrelin, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). There was suppression of hunger after consuming the meal in ET and CT (p = 0.028 and p = 0.011, respectively). Hunger increased in CT in the period correspondent to the exercise session (p = 0.017) and remained suppressed in the ET. The area under the curve for acylated ghrelin showed that its levels were lower in the ET compared with CT in the period of the exercise plus the immediate period (1 h) postexercise (60.7 vs. 96.75 pg·mL–1·2 h–1, respectively; p = 0.04). Inverse correlations between acylated ghrelin levels and insulin, TC, and TG levels at different time points were observed. In conclusion, these findings suggest that 1 bout of aerobic exercise maintains the meal-induced suppression of hunger. The mechanism underlying this effect may involve the exercise-induced suppression of acylated ghrelin. These results implicate that the combination of a high-CHO meal and aerobic exercise may effectively improve appetite control and body weight management.

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