Application of Computers in Electron Probe and X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

1971 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Stanley D. Rasberry
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
List Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Routine Service

This paper is a review of automation of electron microprobe and x-ray fluorescence instrumentation. Such a review seems timely because of the great increase in the application of computer systems in this field over the past decade. Some of these applications have been conceived to meet true technological needs while in other cases they have “been undertaken to “keep up with the Joneses.” I would like to show not only what automated systems are now feasible but also when and how they should he employed. The “when” and “how” of automation are largely dependent upon the application being considered; in this study, x-ray applications have been divided into the following classes; (1)on-stream process-control,(2)off-line quality assurance,(3)routine service laboratory,(4)general purpose analytical laboratory. Several phases are present in these classes, including: specimen preparation and loading, measurement, data acquisition and transfer, data processing and display, and finally, archival data storage. Various workers have undertaken the automation of all these operations in one or the other of the classes of applications; from a review of their work and by examining details of each operation within the framework of a given application, we can now draw conclusions on the extent of desirable automation.

An x-ray microprobe based upon a close-coupled focal-spot / glass capillary arrangement

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1758-1759
Author(s):  
D. A. Carpenter ◽  
M. A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Close Coupling ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Point To Point ◽  
Beam Damage

The development of intense sources of x rays has led to renewed interest in the use of microbeams of x rays in x-ray fluorescence analysis. Sparks pointed out that the use of x rays as a probe offered the advantages of high sensitivity, low detection limits, low beam damage, and large penetration depths with minimal specimen preparation or perturbation. In addition, the option of air operation provided special advantages for examination of hydrated systems or for nondestructive microanalysis of large specimens.The disadvantages of synchrotron sources prompted the development of laboratory-based instrumentation with various schemes to maximize the beam flux while maintaining small point-to-point resolution. Nichols and Ryon developed a microprobe using a rotating anode source and a modified microdiffractometer. Cross and Wherry showed that by close-coupling the x-ray source, specimen, and detector, good intensities could be obtained for beam sizes between 30 and 100μm. More importantly, both groups combined specimen scanning with modern imaging techniques for rapid element mapping.

Comparison of Dual-Channel Wavelength and Secondary-Target Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometers

1986 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 225-236
Author(s):  
John F. Croke ◽  
Joseph A. Nicolosi
Keyword(s):  
List Type ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The Past ◽  
Dual Channel ◽  
Target Energy ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Channel Wavelength ◽  
Speed Accuracy

Over the past 30 years, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry has become one of the more valuable methods for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of materials. Today, there are many methods of instrumental analysis available, and among the factors that will be taken into account in the method of selection are: -Accuracy-Range of application-Speed-Sensitivity-ReliabilityNo one technique can provide all of the features that a given analyst requires. XRF does offer good overall performance over the widest range of elements. Speed, accuracy, and versatility are among the features that have made XRF the method of choice for over 15,000 laboratories worldwide.

A Review of Empirical Influence Coefficient Methods in X-Ray Spectrometry

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 281-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Line Intensity ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Characteristic Line ◽  
Influence Coefficient ◽  
Analyte Concentration ◽  
Linear Calibration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analyte Element ◽  
Non Linear

In the X-ray fluorescence analysis of homogeneous specimens, the correlation between the characteristic line intensity of an analyte element and the concentration of that element, is typically non-linear over wide concentration ranges, due to interelement effects between the analyte element and other elements making up the specimen matrix. Although in many cases limiting the analyte concentration range may allow the use of linear calibration curves based on type-standardisation, it is usually more desirable to work with general purpose calibration schemes which are applicable to a variety of matrix types over wide concentration ranges.

A New Instrument for the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Objects of Art and Archaeology

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (B) ◽  
pp. 1157-1163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Schreiner ◽  
Michael Mantler ◽  
Franz Weber ◽  
Richard Ebner ◽  
Franz Mairinger
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Material Analysis ◽  
New Instrument ◽  
Art Historians

Objects of art and archaeology are relicts of the past, and art historians, archaeologists and conservators are constantly concerned with the questions of where, when or by whom such artifacts were made. Usually stylistic considerations can provide answers to these questions, but as styles were sometimes copied at locations and times quite different from those for which they were most characteristic, material analysis is often essential when one is attempting to infer how and of what materials an object was made. The use of several compounds e.g. as pigments in paintings, or the deliberate alloying of Cu with Sn, As, Sb and Pb, has varied greatly from region to region and from time to time and can be used to infer the geographic origin of an object or at least the origin of the materials, out of which it was made.

Specimen Preparation for X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Solutions

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 735-739
Author(s):  
L.E. Eksperiandova ◽  
Z.M. Spolnik ◽  
A.B. Blank
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Shape And Size

Abstract Specimens for x-ray fluorescence analysis (XRFA) were prepared by adding dry gelatine (10%) to the analysis solution, homogenizing the mixture and cooling for 20 minutes. Thus, a compact resilient mass could be formed with the required shape and size; the roughness of the surface was determined by the roughness of the surface on which the specimen was formed, much the same as highly polished. Various calibration methods can be applied in the XRFA of a variety of materials if such specimens are used.

Use of a New Versatile Interactive Regression Analysis Program for X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. N. Schreiner ◽  
R. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Mass Storage ◽  
Analysis Program ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Line Intensities ◽  
The Past ◽  
Computer Controlled ◽  
Measured Line

XRF can be a powerful tool for quantitative elemental analysis-it can also be a big headache. The problem is, of course, that to perform a proper quantitative analysis one needs to first develop a good matrix correction model to convert the measured line intensities to concentrations. For empirical models, aside from the inherent difficulties in optimizing a set of interelement correction coefficients, the commercially available computer controlled spectrometers have in the past either provided rather poor regression analysis programs with their software or none at all. The reason for this has been the rather limited core size of the online computer and the lack of fast efficient mass storage facilities such as floppy disks.

“Interpretation of Micrographs from a Scanning Electron Microscope”

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
E. Eichen ◽  
D. R. Fitchmun ◽  
L. R. Sefton
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Rough Surface ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Voltage Contrast ◽  
Scanning Electron

In the past two years, there has been a great increase in interest in the scanning electron microscope as a research tool. Coupled with this has been a large increase in the number of instruments being used throughout the world. The reasons for this popularity stems from the unique abilities of this form of in strumentation which include: (a) a large depth of field which allows one to view a very rough surface; (b) a minimal requirement of specimen preparation; and (c) its ability to make use of voltage contrast in the study of semiconductors.

A Glass Fusion Method for X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis

1966 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 489-493
Author(s):  
J. O. Larson ◽  
R. A. Winkler ◽  
J. C. Guffy
Keyword(s):  
Glass Composition ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Disk Surface ◽  
Fusion Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
Surface Imperfections ◽  
Instrumental Drift

AbstractA thermally tough, low-melting, low-viscosity glass composition is described that has been used as a fusion mixture in sample preparations for X-ray fluorescence analysis.The fusion mixture is cast into a glass disk which, after annealing, is used directly for the X-ray measurements. Problems arising from disk surface imperfections have, in the past, been minimized by either prolonged polishing of the glass surface, or grinding the disk and pressing the powder into a peltet. This practice has been eliminated through the incorporation of appropriate internal standard elements into the glass fusion mixture. This approach also minimizes interelement effects and errors due to instrumental drift.A variety of corrosion products have been successfully analyzed by this method. Results will be given.

scholarly journals Grigoriev institute for medical radiology and oncology centenary: historic events

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-325
Author(s):  
M.V. Krasnoselskyi ◽  
N.O. Artamonova
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Medical Radiology ◽  
To Receive

Background. The historical survey of the activities carried out at Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology is of present interest, resulting from the need to structure the Institute development trends in terms of a centenary celebration. Providing insight to visions of the past, one can also apprehend historical events, personalities and phenomena. Purpose – to summarize historical findings on establishing and development of SO «Grigoriev Institute for Medical Radiology and Oncology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine». Materials. The study deals with analyzing historical scientific literature, manuscripts, archive paper records, data on electronic data storage devices and other carriers that reveal the historical aspects of forming X-ray Radiography, Radiology and Oncology in Ukraine, particularly in Kharkiv. Results and discussion. For a century of the existence of the Institute, the scientists of several generations have come a long way in forming and developing X-ray Radiography, Radiation Therapy, Diagnostic Radiology, Oncology, Radiobiology, Radiation Dosimetry and others. They were the first to receive radium for the country alongside with establishing oncology dispensaries, X-ray technical school and setting up a chain of remote research and support stations (13 radiology and 26 oncology ones). These days, the team of the Institute are going out of their way to further develop science and medicine to the benefit of human health. Conclusions. One hundred years ago, the first step in developing Oncology and Radiology initiated forming a new scientific community of experts, who contributed a lot to the formation of some frontmost medical science along with non-stop promoting efficacious scientific and theoretical evolvement of those.

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