scholarly journals Seychelles Lagoon Provides Corals with a Refuge from Bleaching

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Iluz ◽  
Razi Vago ◽  
Nanette E. Chadwick ◽  
Razi Hoffman ◽  
Zvy Dubinsky

An extensive bleaching event in the summer of the year 1997-1998 affected most reefs along East Africa's shores. In the aftermath of that episode, the reefs of Île Alphonse in the Seychelles were examined and it was found that reefs along the seaward slopes of the island lost >95% of their branching coral colonies, with considerably higher survival of massive species. Île Alphonse features a nearly circular shallow lagoon, with steep seaward slopes. Contrary to our expectations, mortality in the warmer lagoon was far lower than of coral colonies on the surrounding slopes, bathed in deeper and cooler waters. We suggest that corals in the lagoon were protected from UV radiation by leachate stemming from seagrass leaves steeped in the lagoon. Our measurements in the lagoon showed a strong attenuation of ultraviolet radiation, not observed in the waters outside the lagoon, and laboratory examination confirmed that the strong UV absorption of substances leached into seawater from decomposing leaves of the seagrassThalassodendron (=Cymodocea) testudinaceum. Our findings demonstrate the synergism between elevated seawater temperature and UV radiation in triggering bleaching on shallow reefs.

2017 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 408-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Roberto García-Huidobro ◽  
Marcela Aldana ◽  
Cristian Duarte ◽  
Cristóbal Galbán-Malagón ◽  
José Pulgar

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
Наталья Игоревна Федянина ◽  
Ольга Вячеславовна Карастоянова ◽  
Надежда Вячеславовна Коровкина

Представлены результаты исследования влияния обработки свежих шампиньонов ультрафиолетовым излучением в диапазоне А различными дозами на изменение текстуры. Построена математическая модель зависимости предельной хранимоспособности по целевому показателю грибов от дозы облучения, и установлены оптимальные режимы обработки. The results of a study of the effect of processing fresh champignons with ultraviolet radiation in the A range with various doses on the change in texture are presented. A mathematical model of the dependence of the limiting storage capacity for the target indicator of mushrooms on the radiation dose has been built and the optimal processing modes have been established.


2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Tavares Salgado ◽  
Rodrigo Tomazetto ◽  
Leonardo Paes Cinelli ◽  
Marcos Farina ◽  
Gilberto Menezes Amado Filho

Brown algae phenolic compounds (PC) are secondary metabolites that participate in many biological processes, such as ultraviolet radiation (UV) protection, polyspermy blocking and trace metals bounding. Recently, PC has also been studied due to possible interactions with cell wall polysaccharides. However, there are few evidences of these interactions and their influence in physiological processes. The interactions between PC from the brown alga Padina gymnospora and alginates and the influence of these interactions on the UV absorption properties of PC were investigated in this work. Chromatography and spectrophotometry techniques were used to isolate, characterize and determine UV absorption capacity of studied compounds. Even after the P. gymnospora polysaccharide extraction and isolating methods, the PC was maintained linked to the alginate. The interaction of alginates with PC did not cause modifications on absorbance pattern of electromagnetic spectrum (UV-VIS-IR). The UV absorbance capability of PC linked to alginate was maintained for a longer period of time if compared with the purified PC. The obtained results reveal the strong linkage between PC and alginates and that these linkages preserve the UV absorption capability of PC along time.


1997 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Bungay ◽  
T. E. Tiwald ◽  
M. J. DeVries ◽  
B. J. Dworak ◽  
John A. Woollam

ABSTRACTAtomic Oxygen (AO) and ultraviolet (UV) radiation contribute (including synergistically) to degradation of spacecraft materials in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). NASA is, therefore, interested in determining what effects the harsh LEO environment has on materials exposed to it, as well as develop materials that are more AO and UV resistant. The present work involves the study of AO and UV effects on polyarylene ether benzimidazole (PAEBI) with in situ and ex situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. PAEBI is a polymer proposed for space applications due to its reported ability to form a protective phosphorous oxide on the surface when exposed to AO. In our experiments PAEBI was exposed to UV radiation from a xenon lamp while in situ ellipsometry data were acquired. The effects of UV radiation were modeled as an exponentially graded layer on the surface of bulk PAEBI. The change in UV absorption spectra, depth profile of the index of refraction, and growth trends of the UV irradiated PAEBI were all studied in these experiments. In addition, PAEBI was exposed to an oxygen plasma to simulate the synergistic effects of AO and UV. Ellipsometry data were acquired in-line with both a UV-Visible ellipsometer and an infrared ellipsometer. The change in UV absorption bands and index of refraction due to synergistic AO/UV, as well as the growth trends of the oxide layer were studied.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (34) ◽  
pp. 10446-10453
Author(s):  
Liangliang Wu ◽  
Huajing Fang ◽  
Cheng Zheng ◽  
Qing Wang ◽  
Hong Wang

A multifunctional smart window for detection and shielding of UV radiation is realized by integrating photodetectors with electrochromic hydrogels.


2002 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-564
Author(s):  
A. V. Mikhalev ◽  
M. A. Chernigovskaya ◽  
A. Yu. Shalin ◽  
E. S. Kazimirovsky

Abstract. The results of spectral measurements of the daily near-noon surface direct solar ultraviolet radiation in the wavelength range of 295–345 nm obtained in Irkutsk (East Siberia) for the time interval of 1998–2000 are presented. For the period under consideration, the seasonal UV radiation variations are analysed that are associated with the total ozone dynamics, the transition of cyclonic and anticyclonic (Siberian anticyclone) periods, the presence of snow cover, and other factors. The analysis reveals an asymmetric behaviour of the seasonal course in ground-level UV radiation around the time of the summer solstice, with seasonal variation dependence on the wavelength. We have determined the irregular variations of surface UV radiation that is typical for the region, with their properties dependent on the season and on the spectral range analysed. The similarity of the above noted features from year to year was revealed.Key words. Atmospheric composition and structure (Transmission and scattering of radiation; instruments and techniques) – Meteorology and atmospheric dynamics (middle atmosphere dynamics)


2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 5029-5037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Wu ◽  
Furong Yue ◽  
Juntian Xu ◽  
John Beardall

Abstract. We studied the photophysiological responses to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) of two diatoms, isolated from different environmental niches. Both species showed the highest sensitivity to UV radiation under relatively low temperature, while they were less inhibited under moderately increased temperature. Under the highest temperature applied in this study, the benthic diatom Nitzschia sp. showed minimal sensitivity to UV radiation, while inhibition of the planktonic species, Skeletonema sp., increased further compared with that at the growth temperature. These photochemical responses were linked to values for the repair and damage processes within the cell; higher damage rates and lower repair rates were observed for Skeletonema sp. under suboptimal temperature, while for Nitzschia sp., repair rates increased and damage rates were stable within the applied temperature range. Our results suggested that the response of the microalgae to UV radiation correlated with their niche environments, the periodic exposure to extreme temperatures promoting the resistance of the benthic species to the combination of high temperature and UV radiation.


2002 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Matsumoto ◽  
T. Aizawa ◽  
S. Ohgaki ◽  
T. Hirata ◽  
K. Toyooka ◽  
...  

Effects of various alternative disinfectants, e.g. chlorine dioxide, ozone, ultraviolet radiation and chloramine, either alone or in combination with other physical treatments like sand filtration and membrane filtration, on the inactivation and removal of nematoda were studied. Ozone and chloramines were found to be effective for nematoda inactivation. Filtration alone was unable to remove nematoda completely. But the combination of UV radiation and sand filtration turned out to be very effective in the removal of nematoda from drinking water. 90% inactivation of nematoda needed a UV dose of (D10-value) 135 mJ/cm2, while 99% inactivation required 232.5 (135 + 97.5) mJ/cm2. This study was a part of a five-year national research project “Advanced Aqua Clean Technology for 21st Century” (ACT21).


Author(s):  
Renata Chadyšienė ◽  
Aloyzas Girgždys

The paper presents the assessment of ultraviolet radiation from technical sources. It has been determined that the intensity of UVA radiation is about 10 times higher than the intensity of radiation of UVB. It has been investigated that the intensity of UV radiation during the welding process nonlinearly depends on the strength of the current, namely, if the strength of the current is reduced by 60%, the intensity of UV radiation is reduced by 20%, it also depends on the distance from the source, namely, if the distance is increased 10 times, the intensity of UV radiation is reduced about 25 times. The dose of UVA and UVB radiation from various resources is calculated. Comparison with the minimum erythema dose is submitted. It has been obtained that when the strength of the current is 315 A, the UV radiation dose exceeds 1 MED, namely, UVA ∼ 3000, UVB ∼300 times. After having carried out the experiment it has been found that the UV radiation emitted from a welder comprises about 80% of UVA, and about 20% of UVB. The results of investigation made in a solarium show that UV radiation from lamps comprises 98% of UVA radiation and 2% – of UVB radiation, while in the Sun rays reaching the Earth UV radiation comprises 96% of UVA and 4% of UVB. Santrauka Darbe radiometriniais metodais nustatyti ir įvertinti dirbtinių šaltinių skleidžiamos ultravioletinės alfa ir beta spinduliuotės (UVA ir UVB) intensyvumo pokyčiai ir apskaičiuota įvairių šaltinių sukuriama UVA ir UVB spinduliuotės dozė. Nustatyta, kad suvirinimo proceso metu skleidžiamos UV spinduliuotės intensyvumas priklauso nuo šaltinio intensyvumo (sumažinus šaltinio intensyvumą apie 60 %, UV spinduliuotės intensyvumas sumažėja apie 20 %) bei nuo atstumo nuo šaltinio (padidinus atstumą 10 kartų UV spinduliuotės intensyvumas sumažėja apie 25 kartus). Įvairių šaltinių sukuriama UVA ir UVB spinduliuotės dozė palyginama su minimalia eritemine doze. Gauta, kad suvirinimo metu, esant 315 A elektros srovės stipriui, UVA spinduliuotės dozė 1 MED viršija apie 3000, UVB ~ 300 kartų. Nustatyta, kad apie 80 % iš suvirinimo aparato skleidžiamos UV spinduliuotės yra UVA, o apie 20 % – UVB. 98 % soliariumo lempų skleidžiamos UV spinduliuotės yra UVA ir 2 % – UVB, gi iš Žemę pasiekiančios Saulės UV spinduliuotės 96 % yra UVA ir 4 % UVB. Резюме Радиометрическими методами определены изменения УФА- и УФБ-излучений некоторых техногенных источников, а также рассчитана доза УФА- и УФБ-излучений этих источников. Установлено, что в среднем интенсивность УФА-излучения в 10 раз сильнее интенсивности УФБ-излучения. Установлено также, что в процессе сварки интенсивность испускаемого УФ-излучения зависит от интенсивности источника: при снижении интенсивности источника на 60% интенсивность УФ-излучения снижается приблизительно на 20%; при увеличении расстояния от места сварки в 10 раз интенсивность УФ-излучения снижается приблизительно в 25 раз. Рассчитана доза УФАи УФБ-излучений, создаваемая различными техногенными источниками. Представлено ее сравнение с минимальной эритемной дозой. Получено, что во время сварки при силе электрического тока 315 А доза УФА-излучения превышает 1 МЭД в 3000 раз, а УФБ-излучения – в 300 раз. Экспериментальными исследованиями получено, что испускаемое при сварке УФ излучение на 80% состоит из УФА-излучения и на 20% – из УФБ-излучения. В соляриуме, где был проведен эксперимент, УФ-излучение ламп состоит на 98% из УФА лучей и на 2% из УФБ лучей. Для сравнения: околоземное УФ-излучение Солнца в Литве состоит в среднем на 96% из УФА лучей и на 4% из УФБ лучей.


2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 10409-10420 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stick ◽  
K. Krüger ◽  
N. H. Schade ◽  
H. Sandmann ◽  
A. Macke

Abstract. In late May this year unusual high levels of solar ultraviolet radiation were observed in Europe. In Northern Germany the measured irradiance of erythemally effective radiation exceeded the climatological mean by more than about 20%. An extreme low ozone event for the season coincided with the high solar elevation angles during late spring leading to the highest value of erythemal UV-radiation ever observed at this location in May. This ''ozone mini-hole'' was caused by an elevation of tropopause height accompanied with a poleward advection of natural low total ozone from the tropics. The resultant increase in UV-radiation is of particular significance for human health. Dynamically induced low ozone episodes that happen around the summer solstice can considerably enhance the solar UV-radiation in the mid latitudes and therefore contribute to the UV-burden of people living in the mid latitudes.


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