scholarly journals Association between Proximity to Major Roads and Sputum Cell Counts

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Wallace ◽  
Liesel D’silva ◽  
John Brannan ◽  
Frederick E Hargreave ◽  
Pavlos Kanaroglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Asthma Diagnosis ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
Chest Clinic

BACKGROUND: Air pollution caused by motor vehicle emissions has been associated with exacerbations of obstructive airway diseases; however, the nature of the resulting bronchitis has not been quantified.OBJECTIVE: To examine whether proximity to major roads or highways is associated with an increase in sputum neutrophils or eosinophils, and to evaluate the effect of proximity to roads on spirometry and exacerbations in patients with asthma.METHODS: A retrospective study of 485 sputum cell counts from patients attending a tertiary chest clinic in Hamilton, Ontario, identified eosinophilic or neutrophilic bronchitis. Patients’ residences were geocoded to the street network of Hamilton using geographic information system software. Associations among bronchitis, lung function, and proximity to major roads and highways were examined using multinomial logistic and multivariate linear regression analyses adjusted for patient age, smoking status and corticosteroid medications.RESULTS: Patients living within 1000 m of highways showed an increased risk of bronchitis (OR 3.8 [95% CI 1.0 to 13.7]; P<0.05), particularly neutrophilic bronchitis (OR 4.7 [95% CI 1.2 to 18.7]; P<0.05) as well as an increased risk of an asthma diagnosis (OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.0 to 3.4]; P<0.05). Patients living within 300 m of a major road were at increased risk for an asthma exacerbation (OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.5 to 15.5]; P<0.01) and lower lung function, particularly in women (P=0.036).CONCLUSION: In patients with airway diseases, living close to a highway or major road was associated with neutrophilic bronchitis, an increased risk of asthma diagnosis, asthma exacerbations and lower lung function.

scholarly journals Traffic-related air pollution exposure over a 5-year period is associated with increased risk of asthma and poor lung function in middle age

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1602357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayan Bowatte ◽  
Bircan Erbas ◽  
Caroline J. Lodge ◽  
Luke D. Knibbs ◽  
Lyle C. Gurrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
The Impact

Current evidence concerning the impact of exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on adult respiratory morbidity mainly comes from cross-sectional studies. We sought to establish more robust measures of this association and potential gene–environment interactions using longitudinal data from an established cohort study.Associations between measures of TRAP (nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and distance to major roads) and wheeze, asthma prevalence and lung function were investigated in participants of the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study at 45- and 50-year follow-ups. Generalised estimating equations were used to quantify associations and the potential modifying effect of glutathioneS-transferase gene variants.Living <200 m from a major road was associated with increased prevalence of current asthma and wheeze, and lower lung function. The association between living <200 m from a major road and current asthma and wheeze was more marked for carriers of theGSTT1null andGSTP1 val/valorile/valgenotypes. Over the 5-year period, higher NO2exposures were associated with increased current asthma prevalence. Higher NO2exposure was associated with lower forced vital capacity for carriers of theGSTT1null genotype.TRAP exposures were associated with increased risk of asthma, wheeze and lower lung function in middle-aged adults. The interaction with theGSTT1genotype suggests that deficient antioxidant mechanisms may play a role in these adverse health effects.

Independent Association of Interleukin 6 With Low Dynamic Lung Function and Airflow Limitation in Well-Treated People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebekka F Thudium ◽  
Andreas D Knudsen ◽  
Jakob Hjorth Von Stemann ◽  
Malene Hove-Skovsgaard ◽  
Hedda Hoel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Diseases

Abstract Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased risk of chronic pulmonary diseases. We compared cytokine concentrations (interleukin 6 [IL-6], interleukin 1β, 2, 4, 10, and 17A, tumor necrosis factor α, interferon γ, soluble CD14 [sCD14] and soluble CD163 [sCD163]) in people with HIV (PWH) and uninfected controls and investigated whether elevated cytokine concentrations were independently associated with lung function indices in PWH. Methods We performed spirometry and measured cytokine concentrations by Luminex immunoassays or enzyme-linked immunoassay in 951 PWH and 79 uninfected controls from the Copenhagen Comorbidity in HIV Infection study. Regression analyses were used to explore associations between elevated cytokine concentrations and lung function indices. Results PWH were predominantly male (84.6%) and 94.2% had undetectable viral replication. In PWH, elevated IL-6 was associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second (−212 mL [95% confidence interval, −308 to −116 mL]), lower forced vital capacity (−208 mL [−322 to −93 mL]), and airflow limitation (aOR, 2.62 [1.58–4.36]) (all P &lt; .001) in models adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking status, body mass index, and CD4 T-cell nadir. The association between IL-6 and dynamic lung function was modified by smoking (P for interaction = .005). Conclusion IL-6 levels were elevated and independently associated with low dynamic lung function and airflow limitation in well-treated PWH, suggesting that systemic inflammation may contribute to the pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary diseases.

scholarly journals Parental psychological distress during pregnancy and the risk of childhood lower lung function and asthma: a population-based prospective cohort study

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1074-1081
Author(s):  
Evelien R van Meel ◽  
Gautam Saharan ◽  
Vincent WV Jaddoe ◽  
Johan C de Jongste ◽  
Irwin KM Reiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Maternal Psychological Distress ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Lung

BackgroundAlthough maternal psychological distress during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of respiratory morbidity in preschool children, it is unknown whether this association persists into later childhood.ObjectiveTo examine the association between parental psychological distress during pregnancy and lung function and asthma in children of school age.MethodsThis study of 4231 children was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort. Parental psychological distress was assessed by the Brief Symptom Inventory during and 3 years after pregnancy, and in mothers also at 2 and 6 months after pregnancy. At age 10 years, lung function was obtained by spirometry and asthma by questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of asthma was 5.9%. Maternal overall psychological distress during pregnancy was associated with a lower forced vital capacity (FVC) (z-score difference −0.10 (95% CI −0.20 to –0.01) per 1-unit increase), maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy with a lower forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and FVC (−0.13 (95% CI −0.24 to –0.01) and −0.13 (95% CI −0.24 to –0.02) when using clinical cut-offs) in their children. All maternal psychological distress measures during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of asthma (range OR: 1.46 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.90) to 1.91 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.91)). Additional adjustment for paternal psychological distress during pregnancy and parental psychological distress after pregnancy did not materially change the associations. Paternal psychological distress during pregnancy was not associated with childhood respiratory morbidity.ConclusionMaternal, but not paternal, psychological distress during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of asthma and partly lower lung function in children. This suggests intrauterine programming for the risk of later-life respiratory disease.

scholarly journals Air pollution, lung function and COPD: results from the population-based UK Biobank study

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 1802140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dany Doiron ◽  
Kees de Hoogh ◽  
Nicole Probst-Hensch ◽  
Isabel Fortier ◽  
Yutong Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Lung

Ambient air pollution increases the risk of respiratory mortality, but evidence for impacts on lung function and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is less well established. The aim was to evaluate whether ambient air pollution is associated with lung function and COPD, and explore potential vulnerability factors.We used UK Biobank data on 303 887 individuals aged 40–69 years, with complete covariate data and valid lung function measures. Cross-sectional analyses examined associations of land use regression-based estimates of particulate matter (particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 and 10 µm: PM2.5 and PM10, respectively; and coarse particles with diameter between 2.5 μm and 10 μm: PMcoarse) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations with forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), the FEV1/FVC ratio and COPD (FEV1/FVC <lower limit of normal). Effect modification was investigated for sex, age, obesity, smoking status, household income, asthma status and occupations previously linked to COPD.Higher exposures to each pollutant were significantly associated with lower lung function. A 5 µg·m−3 increase in PM2.5 concentration was associated with lower FEV1 (−83.13 mL, 95% CI −92.50– −73.75 mL) and FVC (−62.62 mL, 95% CI −73.91– −51.32 mL). COPD prevalence was associated with higher concentrations of PM2.5 (OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.42–1.62, per 5 µg·m−3), PM10 (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00–1.16, per 5 µg·m−3) and NO2 (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.10–1.14, per 10 µg·m−3), but not with PMcoarse. Stronger lung function associations were seen for males, individuals from lower income households, and “at-risk” occupations, and higher COPD associations were seen for obese, lower income, and non-asthmatic participants.Ambient air pollution was associated with lower lung function and increased COPD prevalence in this large study.

scholarly journals Maternal blood pressure and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and childhood respiratory morbidity: the Generation R Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1800378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freke A. Wilmink ◽  
Herman T. den Dekker ◽  
Johan C. de Jongste ◽  
Irwin K.M. Reiss ◽  
Vincent W.V. Jaddoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
Asthma In Children ◽  
Maternal Blood Pressure

Pre-eclampsia is associated with an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, wheezing and asthma in later childhood. Currently, there are no studies available investigating maternal blood pressure measurements during multiple time-points in pregnancy and respiratory outcome measures in the child.We examined the associations of maternal blood pressure and hypertensive disorders with the risk of lower lung function, wheezing and asthma in children aged 10 years. This study among 4894 children was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study. We used multivariate analyses, taking lifestyle and socioeconomic factors into account.We observed consistent associations per 5 mmHg higher maternal blood pressure in early pregnancy with a lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio (z-score −0.03 (95% CI −0.05– −0.01)) and per 5 mmHg higher blood pressure in late pregnancy with a higher risk for current wheezing and current asthma (OR 1.07 (95% CI 1.02–1.12) and 1.06 (95% CI 1.00–1.11), respectively). We found no associations of maternal hypertensive disorders during pregnancy with child lung function, current wheezing or current asthma.Our results suggest that higher blood pressure in pregnant women is associated with lower lung function and increased risks of current wheezing and current asthma in children. The associations may be trimester specific.

scholarly journals Lung Function Impairment and the Risk of Incident Dementia: The Rotterdam Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tian Xiao ◽  
Sara R.A. Wijnant ◽  
Silvan Licher ◽  
Natalie Terzikhan ◽  
Lies Lahousse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Apoe Genotype ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Rotterdam Study ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Incident Dementia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Impaired Lung Function

Background: The etiology of dementia may partly be underpinned by impaired lung function via systemic inflammation and hypoxia. Objective: To prospectively examine the association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and subclinical impairments in lung function and the risk of dementia. Methods: In the Rotterdam Study, we assessed the risk of incident dementia in participants with Preserved Ratio Impaired Spirometry (PRISm; FEV1/FVC≥0.7, FEV1 <  80%) and in participants with COPD (FEV1/FVC <  0.7) compared to those with normal spirometry (controls; FEV1/FVC≥0.7, FEV1≥80%). Hazard ratios (HRs) with 95%confidence intervals (CI) for dementia were adjusted for age, sex, education attainment, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, triglycerides, comorbidities and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. Results: Of 4,765 participants, 110 (2.3%) developed dementia after 3.3 years. Compared to controls, participants with PRISm, but not COPD, had an increased risk for all-type dementia (adjusted HRPRISm 2.70; 95%CI, 1.53–4.75; adjusted HRCOPD 1.03; 95%CI, 0.61–1.74). These findings were primarily driven by men and smokers. Similarly, participants with FVC%predicted values in the lowest quartile compared to those in the highest quartile were at increased risk of all-type dementia (adjusted HR 2.28; 95%CI, 1.31–3.98), as well as Alzheimer’s disease (AD; adjusted HR 2.13; 95%CI, 1.13–4.02). Conclusion: Participants with PRISm or a low FVC%predicted lung function were at increased risk of dementia, compared to those with normal spirometry or a higher FVC%predicted, respectively. Further research is needed to elucidate whether this association is causal and how PRISm might contribute to dementia pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Blood eosinophil level and lung function trajectories: cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in European cohorts

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 00320-2020
Author(s):  
Ida Mogensen ◽  
Judith M. Vonk ◽  
Sara R.A. Wijnant ◽  
Xingwu Zhou ◽  
H. Marike Boezen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Blood Eosinophil ◽  
Elevated Blood ◽  
Lung Function Decline ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
Blood Eosinophils

BackgroundElevated blood eosinophils have been associated with lower lung function and are believed to be associated with accelerated lung function decline.MethodBlood eosinophils were measured in four cohorts: <45 years cohort within the Vlagtwedde–Vlaardingen (V&V) study, the Uppsala cohort of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS-Uppsala; <45 years), ≥45 years cohort within the V&V study, and the Rotterdam study (≥45 years). Blood eosinophils at baseline were classified as normal (<300 cells·μL−1) or elevated (≥300 cells·μL−1). Lung function was measured at baseline and follow-up with spirometry: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), vital capacity (VC) and their ratio FEV1/VC. The association between blood eosinophils and lung function was tested cross-sectionally using linear regression and longitudinally using a mixed model, both adjusted for age, sex, height, pack-years smoking and smoking status. Stratified analyses were done for asthma.ResultsElevated blood eosinophils were associated with lower FEV1 (regression coefficient −147 mL (95% CI −188 to −105 mL)), VC (−120 mL (−165 to −75 mL)) and FEV1/VC (−1.3% (−1.9% to −0.6%)) at baseline in the two <45 years cohorts, and with lower FEV1 (−70 mL (−112 to −27 mL)) and FEV1/VC (−1.8% (−2.6% to −1.0%)) in the two ≥45 years cohorts. Elevated blood eosinophils were associated with an accelerated decline in FEV1 (−5.5 mL·year−1 (95% CI −10.5 to −0.5 mL·year−1)) and VC (−6.4 mL·year−1 (−11.26 to −1.5 mL·year−1)) compared to normal blood eosinophils in the younger asthmatic subjects in the longitudinal studies.ConclusionElevated blood eosinophils are associated with lower lung function in the general population and with an accelerated lung function decline among asthmatic individuals.

Lung Function and Quality of Life in Workers with Chemical and Dust Exposure

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Ruxandra Otelea ◽  
Oana Cristina Arghir ◽  
Corina Zugravu ◽  
Eugenia Naghi ◽  
Sabina Antoniu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Occupational Exposure ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Exposure ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Occupational Settings

Regarding the widely distribution of respiratory exposure hazards in occupational settings, workers have an increased risk for chronic lung diseases. For assessing the quality of life and lung function in workers exposed to chemicals and dust, St George�s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and spirometry were performed among 40 patients, admitted in Occupational Clinic Department of Colentina Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, during February, 2017. SGRQ showed different predictors for patients according to their occupational exposure and total symptoms score correlated better with decreased spirometric parameters in defining lung function deterioration. Quality of life is earlier affected than lung function deterioration and emphasises the need of more sensitive methods for an earlier identification and better evaluation of respiratory hazards in different workplaces.

341 Acute effects of seltorexant, a selective orexin-2 antagonist (JNJ- 42847922), on driving after bedtime administration

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A136-A136
Author(s):  
S Brooks ◽  
R G J A Zuiker ◽  
G E Jacobs ◽  
I Kezic ◽  
A Savitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Stability ◽  
Driving Simulator ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Subjective Effects ◽  
Driving Ability ◽  
Post Dose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Subjective Sleepiness ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Introduction Seltorexant (JNJ-42847922), a potent and selective antagonist of the human orexin-2 receptor, is being developed for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Seltorexant also has sleep-promoting properties. Investigating the effects of sleep-promoting medications on driving is important because some of these agents (e.g. GABAA receptor agonists) may be associated with increased risk of motor vehicle accidents. We evaluated the effect of seltorexant on driving after forced awakening at night, using a validated driving simulator. Methods This double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, randomized, 3-way cross-over study was conducted in 18 male and 18 female healthy subjects. All subjects received seltorexant 40 mg, zolpidem 10 mg, or placebo 15 minutes before bedtime. Eighteen subjects were awakened at 2- and 6-hours post-dose, and the other 18 at 4- and 8-hours post-dose. At those timepoints, pharmacokinetics, objective (standard deviation of the lateral position [SDLP]) and subjective effects (using Perceived Driving Quality and Effort Scales) on driving ability, postural stability and subjective sleepiness were assessed. Results For seltorexant, the SDLP difference from placebo (95% confidence interval) at 2-, 4-, 6- and 8-hours post-dose was 3.9 cm (1.26, 6.60), 0.9 cm (-1.08, 2.92), 1.1 cm (-0.42, 2.63), and 0.6 cm (-2.75, 1.55), respectively vs. 9.6 cm (6.97, 12.38), 6.6 cm (3.53, 9.60), 4.7 cm (1.46, 7.85), and 1.3cm (-1.16, 3.80), respectively for zolpidem. The difference from placebo was significant at 2-hours after taking seltorexant, while the difference from placebo was significant at 2, 4 and 6-hours after zolpidem. Subjective driving quality was decreased for both drugs at all time points and driving effort was increased up to 4-hours post-dose for both medications. Subjective sleepiness showed a significant increase compared to placebo 2- and 4-hours after administration of either drug. Postural stability was decreased up to 2-hours after administration of seltorexant, and up to 4-hours after administration of zolpidem. Conclusion Compared to zolpidem, objective effects on driving performance were more transient after seltorexant administration and largely normalized by 4–6 hours post-dose. Support (if any) This work was sponsored by Janssen R&D.

scholarly journals Associations between smoking and blood-group, and the risk of dyslipidaemia amongst French women

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. MacDonald ◽  
A. L. Madika ◽  
G. Severi ◽  
A. Fournier ◽  
M. C. Boutron-Ruault
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Effect Modification ◽  
Blood Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Cardio Vascular Disease ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractDyslipidaemia is a major risk factor for cardio-vascular disease, as it promotes atherosclerosis. While cross-sectional studies have identified higher serum cholesterol amongst individuals with the A blood group, there is less evidence from prospective studies whether this translates into a higher risk of dyslipidaemia that requires treatment, nor if this genetic factor interacts with smoking status. This study aimed to prospectively determine potential associations between smoking, ABO blood groups, and risk of incident dyslipidaemia requiring treatment, and to assess associations over strata of blood ABO group. We assessed associations between blood ABO group, smoking and dyslipidaemia in 74,206 women participating in the E3N cohort. We included women who did not have cardiovascular disease at baseline. Logistic regression was used to determine associations between ABO group, smoking and prevalent dyslipidaemia at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were then used to determine if blood ABO group and smoking were associated with the risk of incident dyslipidaemia, amongst women free of dyslipidaemia at baseline. At baseline 28,281 women with prevalent dyslipidaemia were identified. Compared to the O-blood group, the non-O blood group was associated higher odds of with prevalent dyslipidaemia (ORnon-O = 1.09 [1.06: 1.13]). Amongst the women free of dyslipidaemia at baseline, 6041 incident cases of treated dyslipidaemia were identified during 454,951 person-years of follow-up. The non-O blood groups were associated with an increased risk of dyslipidaemia when compared to the O-group (HRnon-O = 1.16 [1.11: 1.22]), specifically the A blood-group (HRA = 1.18 [1.12: 1.25]). Current smokers were associated with an increased risk of incident dyslipidaemia (HR smokers = 1.27 [1.16: 1.37]), compared to never-smokers. No evidence for effect modification between smoking and ABO blood group was observed (p-effect modification = 0.45), although the highest risk was observed among AB blood group women who smoked (HR = 1.76 [1.22: 2.55]). In conclusion, the non-O blood groups, specifically the A group were associated with an increased risk of dyslipidaemia. Current smokers were associated with a 30% increased risk of dyslipidaemia. These results could aid in personalised approaches to the prevention of cardiovascular risk-factors.

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