scholarly journals Traffic-related air pollution exposure over a 5-year period is associated with increased risk of asthma and poor lung function in middle age

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1602357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gayan Bowatte ◽  
Bircan Erbas ◽  
Caroline J. Lodge ◽  
Luke D. Knibbs ◽  
Lyle C. Gurrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Asthma Prevalence ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
The Impact

Current evidence concerning the impact of exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) on adult respiratory morbidity mainly comes from cross-sectional studies. We sought to establish more robust measures of this association and potential gene–environment interactions using longitudinal data from an established cohort study.Associations between measures of TRAP (nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and distance to major roads) and wheeze, asthma prevalence and lung function were investigated in participants of the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study at 45- and 50-year follow-ups. Generalised estimating equations were used to quantify associations and the potential modifying effect of glutathioneS-transferase gene variants.Living <200 m from a major road was associated with increased prevalence of current asthma and wheeze, and lower lung function. The association between living <200 m from a major road and current asthma and wheeze was more marked for carriers of theGSTT1null andGSTP1 val/valorile/valgenotypes. Over the 5-year period, higher NO2exposures were associated with increased current asthma prevalence. Higher NO2exposure was associated with lower forced vital capacity for carriers of theGSTT1null genotype.TRAP exposures were associated with increased risk of asthma, wheeze and lower lung function in middle-aged adults. The interaction with theGSTT1genotype suggests that deficient antioxidant mechanisms may play a role in these adverse health effects.

scholarly journals Maternal blood pressure and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy and childhood respiratory morbidity: the Generation R Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1800378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Freke A. Wilmink ◽  
Herman T. den Dekker ◽  
Johan C. de Jongste ◽  
Irwin K.M. Reiss ◽  
Vincent W.V. Jaddoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Maternal Blood ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
Asthma In Children ◽  
Maternal Blood Pressure

Pre-eclampsia is associated with an increased risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, wheezing and asthma in later childhood. Currently, there are no studies available investigating maternal blood pressure measurements during multiple time-points in pregnancy and respiratory outcome measures in the child.We examined the associations of maternal blood pressure and hypertensive disorders with the risk of lower lung function, wheezing and asthma in children aged 10 years. This study among 4894 children was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort study. We used multivariate analyses, taking lifestyle and socioeconomic factors into account.We observed consistent associations per 5 mmHg higher maternal blood pressure in early pregnancy with a lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio (z-score −0.03 (95% CI −0.05– −0.01)) and per 5 mmHg higher blood pressure in late pregnancy with a higher risk for current wheezing and current asthma (OR 1.07 (95% CI 1.02–1.12) and 1.06 (95% CI 1.00–1.11), respectively). We found no associations of maternal hypertensive disorders during pregnancy with child lung function, current wheezing or current asthma.Our results suggest that higher blood pressure in pregnant women is associated with lower lung function and increased risks of current wheezing and current asthma in children. The associations may be trimester specific.

scholarly journals Parental psychological distress during pregnancy and the risk of childhood lower lung function and asthma: a population-based prospective cohort study

Thorax ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (12) ◽  
pp. 1074-1081
Author(s):  
Evelien R van Meel ◽  
Gautam Saharan ◽  
Vincent WV Jaddoe ◽  
Johan C de Jongste ◽  
Irwin KM Reiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Maternal Psychological Distress ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Lung

BackgroundAlthough maternal psychological distress during pregnancy is associated with increased risks of respiratory morbidity in preschool children, it is unknown whether this association persists into later childhood.ObjectiveTo examine the association between parental psychological distress during pregnancy and lung function and asthma in children of school age.MethodsThis study of 4231 children was embedded in a population-based prospective cohort. Parental psychological distress was assessed by the Brief Symptom Inventory during and 3 years after pregnancy, and in mothers also at 2 and 6 months after pregnancy. At age 10 years, lung function was obtained by spirometry and asthma by questionnaire.ResultsThe prevalence of asthma was 5.9%. Maternal overall psychological distress during pregnancy was associated with a lower forced vital capacity (FVC) (z-score difference −0.10 (95% CI −0.20 to –0.01) per 1-unit increase), maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy with a lower forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and FVC (−0.13 (95% CI −0.24 to –0.01) and −0.13 (95% CI −0.24 to –0.02) when using clinical cut-offs) in their children. All maternal psychological distress measures during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of asthma (range OR: 1.46 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.90) to 1.91 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.91)). Additional adjustment for paternal psychological distress during pregnancy and parental psychological distress after pregnancy did not materially change the associations. Paternal psychological distress during pregnancy was not associated with childhood respiratory morbidity.ConclusionMaternal, but not paternal, psychological distress during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of asthma and partly lower lung function in children. This suggests intrauterine programming for the risk of later-life respiratory disease.

scholarly journals Association between Proximity to Major Roads and Sputum Cell Counts

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Wallace ◽  
Liesel D’silva ◽  
John Brannan ◽  
Frederick E Hargreave ◽  
Pavlos Kanaroglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Major Road ◽  
Asthma Diagnosis ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Airway Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
Chest Clinic

BACKGROUND: Air pollution caused by motor vehicle emissions has been associated with exacerbations of obstructive airway diseases; however, the nature of the resulting bronchitis has not been quantified.OBJECTIVE: To examine whether proximity to major roads or highways is associated with an increase in sputum neutrophils or eosinophils, and to evaluate the effect of proximity to roads on spirometry and exacerbations in patients with asthma.METHODS: A retrospective study of 485 sputum cell counts from patients attending a tertiary chest clinic in Hamilton, Ontario, identified eosinophilic or neutrophilic bronchitis. Patients’ residences were geocoded to the street network of Hamilton using geographic information system software. Associations among bronchitis, lung function, and proximity to major roads and highways were examined using multinomial logistic and multivariate linear regression analyses adjusted for patient age, smoking status and corticosteroid medications.RESULTS: Patients living within 1000 m of highways showed an increased risk of bronchitis (OR 3.8 [95% CI 1.0 to 13.7]; P<0.05), particularly neutrophilic bronchitis (OR 4.7 [95% CI 1.2 to 18.7]; P<0.05) as well as an increased risk of an asthma diagnosis (OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.0 to 3.4]; P<0.05). Patients living within 300 m of a major road were at increased risk for an asthma exacerbation (OR 1.9 [95% CI 1.5 to 15.5]; P<0.01) and lower lung function, particularly in women (P=0.036).CONCLUSION: In patients with airway diseases, living close to a highway or major road was associated with neutrophilic bronchitis, an increased risk of asthma diagnosis, asthma exacerbations and lower lung function.

scholarly journals Particulate air pollution and impaired lung function

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Paulin ◽  
Nadia Hansel
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Objective Measurements ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Impaired Lung Function ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Published Research

Air pollution is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world, particularly in individuals with existing lung disease. Of the most common air pollutants, particulate matter (PM) is associated with an increased risk of exacerbations and respiratory symptoms in individuals with existing lung disease, and to a lesser extent, in those without known respiratory issues. The majority of published research has focused on the effects of PM exposures on symptoms and health care utilization. Fewer studies focus on the impact of PM on objective measurements of pulmonary function. This review will focus on the effects of PM exposure on objective measurements of lung function in both healthy individuals and those with existing lung disease.

scholarly journals How important is the relative balance of fat and carbohydrate as sources of energy in relation to health?

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. B. Sanders
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Added Sugar ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Refined Carbohydrates ◽  
The Impact

Both the intake of fat, especially saturated trans fatty acids, and refined carbohydrates, particularly sugar, have been linked to increased risk of obesity, diabetes and CVD. Dietary guidelines are generally similar throughout the world, restrict both intake of SFA and added sugar to no more than 10 and 35 % energy for total fat and recommend 50 % energy from carbohydrates being derived from unrefined cereals, tubers, fruit and vegetables. Current evidence favours partial replacement of SFA with PUFA with regard to risk of CVD. The translation of these macronutrient targets into food-based dietary guidelines is more complex because some high-fat foods play an important part in meeting nutrient requirements as well as influencing the risk of chronic disease. Some of the recent controversies surrounding the significance of sugar and the type of fat in the diet are discussed. Finally, data from a recently published randomised controlled trial are presented to show the impact of following current dietary guidelines on cardiovascular risk and nutrient intake compared with a traditional UK diet.

scholarly journals Air pollution and the development of asthma from birth until young adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 2000147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Gehring ◽  
Alet H. Wijga ◽  
Gerard H. Koppelman ◽  
Judith M. Vonk ◽  
Henriette A. Smit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Asthma Incidence ◽  
Mite Allergy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundAir pollution is associated with asthma development in children and adults, but the impact on asthma development during the transition from adolescence to adulthood is unclear. Adult studies lack historical exposures and consequently cannot assess the relevance of exposure during different periods of life. We assessed the relevance of early-life and more recent air pollution exposure for asthma development from birth until early adulthood.MethodsWe used data of 3687 participants of the prospective Dutch PIAMA (Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy) birth cohort and linked asthma incidence until age 20 years to estimated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), <10 μm (PM10), and 2.5–10 μm, and PM2.5 absorbance (“soot”) at the residential address. We assessed overall and age-specific associations with air pollution exposure with discrete time-hazard models, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOverall, we found higher incidence of asthma until the age of 20 years with higher exposure to all pollutants at the birth address (adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) ranging from 1.09 (1.01–1.18) for PM10 to 1.20 (1.10–1.32) for NO2) per interquartile range increase) that were rather persistent with age. Similar associations were observed with more recent exposure defined as exposure at the current home address. In two-pollutant models with particulate matter, associations with NO2 persisted.ConclusionsExposure to air pollution, especially from motorised traffic, early in life may have long-term consequences for asthma development, as it is associated with an increased risk of developing asthma through childhood and adolescence into early adulthood.

scholarly journals Impact of Air Pollution on the Health of the Population in Parts of the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6454
Author(s):  
Radim J. Sram
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Local Heating ◽  
The United States ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Impact

Thirty years ago, Northern Bohemia in the Czech Republic was one of the most air polluted areas in Europe. After political changes, the Czech government put forward a research program to determine if air pollution is really affecting human health. This program, later called the “Teplice Program”, was initiated in collaboration with scientists from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). This cooperation made possible the use of methods on the contemporary level. The very high concentrations of sulphur dioxide (SO2), particulate matter of 10 micrometers or less (PM10), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) present in the air showed, for the first time, the impact of air pollutants on the health of the population in mining districts: adverse pregnancy outcomes, the impact of air pollution on sperm morphology, learning disabilities in children, and respiratory morbidity in preschool children. A surprising result came from the distribution of the sources of pollution: 70% of PM10 pollution came from local heating and not from power plants as expected. Thanks to this result, the Czech government supported changes in local heating from brown coal to natural gas. This change substantially decreased SO2 and PM10 pollution and affected mortality, especially cardiovascular mortality.

scholarly journals Risk factors for respiratory Aspergillus fumigatus in German Cystic Fibrosis patients and impact on lung function

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta Düesberg ◽  
Julia Wosniok ◽  
Lutz Naehrlich ◽  
Patience Eschenhagen ◽  
Carsten Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Lower Lung ◽  
Lung Infections ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Airway inflammation and chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients are mostly caused by bacteria, e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). The role of fungi in the CF lung is still not well elucidated, but evidence for a harmful and complex role is getting stronger. The most common filamentous fungus in CF is Aspergillus fumigatus (AF). Age and continuous antibiotic treatment have been discussed as risk factors for AF colonisation but did not differentiate between transient and persistent AF colonisation. Also, the impact of co-colonisation of PA and AF on lung function is still under investigation. Data from patients with CF registered in the German Cystic Fibrosis Registry database in 2016 and 2017 were retrospectively analysed, involving descriptive and multivariate analysis to assess risk factors for transient or persistent AF colonisation. Age represented an independent risk factor for persistent AF colonisation. Prevalence was low in children less than ten years, highest in the middle age and getting lower in higher age (≥ 50 years). Continuous antibiotic lung treatment was significantly associated with AF prevalence in all age groups. CF patients with chronic PA infection had a lower lung function (FEV1%predicted), which was not influenced by an additional AF colonisation. AF colonisation without chronic PA infection, however, was significantly associated with a lower function, too. Older age up to 49 years and continuous antibiotic use were found to be the main risk factors for AF permanent colonisation. AF might be associated with decrease of lung function if not disguised by chronic PA infection.

High particulate matter 2.5 levels and ambient temperature are associated with acute lung edema in patients with nondialysis Stage 5 chronic kidney disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1354-1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping-Fang Chiu ◽  
Chin-Hua Chang ◽  
Chia-Lin Wu ◽  
Teng-Hsiang Chang ◽  
Chun-Chieh Tsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Lung Edema ◽  
Weather Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ckd Stage ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Numerous studies have shown that exposure to air pollution, especially particulate matter (PM) with a diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), was associated with various diseases. We tried to determine the impact of PM2.5 and other weather factors on acute lung edema in patients with Stage 5 nondialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD Stage 5-ND). Methods In total, 317 CKD Stage 5-ND (estimated glomerular filtration rate 6.79 ± 4.56 mL/min) patients residing in central Taiwan who developed acute lung edema and initiated long-term dialysis were included in this case-crossover study. Pearson’s correlation test was used to examine the relationship of acute lung edema cases with PM2.5 levels and ambient temperature separately. Results The average PM2.5 level within the 7-day period correlated with acute lung edema incidence in the fall [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 3.23, P = 0.047] and winter (adjusted OR 1.99, P < 0.001). In winter, even a 3-day exposure to PM2.5 was associated with increased risk (adjusted OR 1.55, P < 0.001). The average temperatures within 3 days in spring and summer were correlated positively with the risk (adjusted OR 2.77 P < 0.001 and adjusted OR 2.72, P < 0.001, respectively). In the fall and winter, temperatures were correlated negatively with the risk (adjusted OR 0.36, P < 0.001 and adjusted OR 0.54, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions A high PM2.5 level was associated with an increased risk of acute lung edema. High ambient temperature in hot seasons and low ambient temperature in cold seasons were also associated with increased risk. It is essential to educate these patients to avoid areas with severe air pollution and extreme ambient temperature.

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