Sitting Time and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in African American Overweight Women

Findings from previous research linking sedentary time with cardiometabolic risk factors and body composition are inconsistent, and few studies address population groups most vulnerable to these compromising conditions. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the relationship of sitting time to cardiometabolic risk factors and body composition among African American women. A subsample of African American women (N=135) completed health and laboratory assessments, including measures of blood pressure, resting heart rate, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, body mass index, body fat, sitting time, and demographics. Simultaneous, adjusted regression models found a positive association between weekend sitting time and glucose and an inverse association between weekly sedentary time and cholesterol (ps<.05). There were no significant associations between sedentary behavior and body composition. The unexpected relationship between sedentary time and cholesterol suggests that the relationship of sedentary behavior to cardiometabolic risk factors may depend on existing characteristics of the population and measurement definition of sedentary behavior. Results suggest distinctly different relationships between weekend and weekday sitting time, implicating a need for careful measurement and intervention that reflects these differences.

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Physical Activity and Sedentary Patterns among Metabolically Healthy Individuals Living with Obesity

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2018/7496768 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Marika de Winter ◽

Brittany V. Rioux ◽

Jonathan G. Boudreau ◽

Danielle R. Bouchard ◽

Martin Sénéchal

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Behavior Patterns ◽

Metabolically Healthy

Background. Some individuals living with obesity are free from typical cardiometabolic risk factors and are termed metabolically healthy obese (MHO). The patterns of physical activity and sedentary behaviors among MHO are currently unknown. Methods. This study includes 414 youth (12–18 years old), 802 adults (19–44 years old), and 1230 older adults (45–85 years old) living with obesity from the 2003-2004 or 2005-2006 NHANES cycles. Time spent in bouts of 1, 5, 10, 30, and 60 minutes for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time was measured objectively using accelerometers. Participants were categorized as MHO if they had no cardiometabolic risk factors above the identified thresholds (triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and glucose). Results. The proportion of MHO was 19%, 14%, and 12% in youth, adults, and older adults, respectively. MHO adults displayed a higher 1-minute bout of MVPA per day compared to non-MHO (p=0.02), but no difference was observed for MVPA and sedentary behavior patterns for youth and older adults. When adjusted for confounders, all bouts of sedentary behavior patterns in youth were significantly associated with being classified as MHO. Conclusion. This study suggests that greater sedentary time is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in youth even if they are physically active.

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Relationship Of Exercise Intensity Tolerance To Cardiometabolic Risk Factors And Body Composition In Healthy Females

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000535103.26389.ce ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (5S) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Elise C. Brown ◽

Mary A. Elsesser ◽

Samantha C. Orr ◽

Timothy A. Rengers ◽

Ryan T. Tyler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Composition ◽

Exercise Intensity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Healthy Females

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Effects of Nine-Month Lifestyle Intervention on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: Sex Differences in Obese Individuals

Obesities ◽

10.3390/obesities1010003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 29-35

Author(s):

Florent Besnier ◽

Anil Nigam ◽

Martin Juneau ◽

Valérie Guilbeault ◽

Elise Latour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Composition ◽

Sex Differences ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Interval Training ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Obese Women ◽

Baseline Values ◽

High Intensity Interval

Limited data is available on the sex differences and individual responses of cardiometabolic parameters adjusted with potential confounders (i.e. sex, age, baseline values) after a longer term Mediterranean diet (MedD) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) in obese subjects. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of nine-month MedD counseling and supervised HIIT on cardiometabolic risk factors and individual responses in obese women (n = 99) and obese men (n = 35). Body composition (body mass, fat mass, lean body mass, waist circumference), cardiorespiratory fitness (METs), and cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, blood sample variables) were measured at baseline and after nine months of a program combining MedD and HIIT two to three times a week. When adjusted with sex, age, and baseline values, obese women similarly improved their body composition, METs, and cardiometabolic risk factors vs. obese men. The proportion of responders according to clinical cutoff levels were the same in obese women and men. A longer MedD and HIIT intervention similarly improves body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, and individual responses in obese women and men, even after adjustment of confounders (sex, age, baseline value).

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Sedentary behavior moderates the relationship between physical activity and cardiometabolic risk in young Latino children

Translational Behavioral Medicine ◽

10.1093/tbm/ibab046 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jamil A Malik ◽

Jennifer Coto ◽

Elizabeth R Pulgaron ◽

Amber Daigre ◽

Janine E Sanchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Low Income ◽

Latent Variables ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Risk ◽

Latino Children

Abstract This study investigated the role of objectively measured moderate–vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior on cardiometabolic risk factors of young Latino children. We hypothesized that MVPA would be associated with lower cardiometabolic risk when sedentary behavior is low. We studied 86 primarily low-income, Latino children using a cross-sectional study design. The study sample consisted of 51 girls and 35 boys, with mean age 5.6 (SD = .53) years. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry, anthropometric measures obtained, and fasting blood samples were used to measure cardiometabolic risk factors. Greater levels of sedentary behavior were associated with increased waist circumference (rs = .24, p < .05) and metabolic risks. MVPA, however, had significant beneficial associations with all cardiometabolic risk factors (rs-range = −.20 to −.45, p < .05) with the exception of plasma insulin. MVPA predicted latent variables representing anthropometric risk (β = −.57, p < .01), cardiac risk (β = −.74, p < .01), and metabolic risk (β = −.88, p < .01). Sedentary behavior significantly moderated the effect of MVPA on anthropometric (β-interaction = .49, p < .01), cardiac (β-interaction = .45, p < .01), and metabolic risk (β-interaction = .77, p < .01), such that more MVPA was associated with better health outcomes under conditions of lower sedentary behavior. The model explained 13%, 22%, and 45% variance in anthropometric, cardiac, and metabolic risk factors, respectively. Increased MVPA is associated with decreased cardiometabolic risk in young Latino children, particularly when sedentary behavior is low.

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Factor analysis for the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors and sedentary behavior, a cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0242365 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (11) ◽

pp. e0242365

Author(s):

Tsung-Ying Tsai ◽

Pai-Feng Hsu ◽

Chung-Chi Lin ◽

Yuan-Jen Wang ◽

Yaw-Zon Ding ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Factor Analysis ◽

General Population ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Validation Group ◽

Cvd Risk Factors ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Clustering Pattern

Background Few studies have reported on the clustering pattern of CVD risk factors, including sedentary behavior, systemic inflammation, and cadiometabolic components in the general population. Objective We aimed to explore the clustering pattern of CVD risk factors using exploratory factor analysis to investigate the underlying relationships between various CVD risk factors. Methods A total of 5606 subjects (3157 male, 51.5±11.7 y/o) were enrolled, and 14 cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed in an exploratory group (n = 3926) and a validation group (n = 1676), including sedentary behaviors. Results Five factor clusters were identified to explain 69.4% of the total variance, including adiposity (BMI, TG, HDL, UA, and HsCRP; 21.3%), lipids (total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol; 14.0%), blood pressure (SBP and DBP; 13.3%), glucose (HbA1C, fasting glucose; 12.9%), and sedentary behavior (MET and sitting time; 8.0%). The inflammation biomarker HsCRP was clustered with only adiposity factors and not with other cardiometabolic risk factors, and the clustering pattern was verified in the validation group. Conclusion This study confirmed the clustering structure of cardiometabolic risk factors in the general population, including sedentary behavior. HsCRP was clustered with adiposity factors, while physical inactivity and sedentary behavior were clustered with each other.

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Effects of Extreme Weight Loss on Cardiometabolic Health in Children With Metabolic Syndrome: A Metabolomic Study

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.731762 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jingxin Liu ◽

Lin Zhu ◽

Jing Liao ◽

Xiaoguang Liu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Composition ◽

Organic Acids ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

The Body ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Plasma Metabolites ◽

Cardiometabolic Health

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of extreme weight loss programs on circulating metabolites and their relationship with cardiometabolic health in children with metabolic syndrome.Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and post-test. Thirty children with metabolic syndrome and aged 10–17years were recruited to an extreme weight loss program (i.e., exercise combined with diet control). The primary outcomes included plasma metabolites, body composition, and cardiometabolic risk factors. A total of 324 metabolites were quantitatively detected by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry system, and the variable importance in the projection (VIP) value of each metabolite was calculated by the orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis. The fold change (FC) and p value of each metabolite were used to screen differential metabolites with the following values: VIP>1, p value<0.05, and |log2FC|>0.25. Pathway enrichment and correlation analyses between metabolites and cardiometabolic risk factors were also performed.Result: A large effect size was observed, presenting a weight loss of −8.9kg (Cohen’s d=1.00, p<0.001), body mass index reduction of −3.3kg/m2 (Cohen’s d=1.47, p<0.001), and body fat percent reduction of −4.1 (%) (Cohen’s d=1.22, p<0.001) after the intervention. Similar improvements were found in total cholesterol (Cohen’s d=2.65, p<0.001), triglycerides (Cohen’s d=2.59, p<0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Cohen’s d=2.81, p<0.001), glucose metabolism, and blood pressure. A total of 59 metabolites were changed after the intervention (e.g., aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; nitrogen metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis). The changes in metabolites (e.g., amino acids, fatty acids, organic acids, and carnitine) were related to lipid metabolism improvement (p<0.05). Organic acids and carnitines were associated with changes in the body composition (p<0.05).Conclusion: Exercise combined with dietary control improved the body composition and cardiometabolic health in children with metabolic syndrome, and these changes may be related to plasma metabolites.

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The prospective association between objectively measured sedentary time, moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity and cardiometabolic risk factors in youth: a systematic review and meta‐analysis

Obesity Reviews ◽

10.1111/obr.12758 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 55-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

T. Skrede ◽

J. Steene‐Johannessen ◽

S. A. Anderssen ◽

G. K. Resaland ◽

U. Ekelund

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Sedentary Time ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Prospective Association ◽

Objectively Measured

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Effects of Different Resistance Training Frequencies on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, and Handgrip Strength in Overweight and Obese Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology ◽

10.3390/jfmk5030051 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Francesco Campa ◽

Pasqualino Maietta Latessa ◽

Gianpiero Greco ◽

Mario Mauro ◽

Paolo Mazzuca ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Training Program ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Intervention Period ◽

Training Frequency ◽

Weekly Frequency

Background: Resistance training improves health in obese and overweight people. However, it is not clear what is the optimal weekly resistance training frequency and the most efficacious training protocol on body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, and handgrip strength (HS). The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a supervised structured 24 week resistance training program on obese and overweight women. Methods: Forty-five women (BMI 37.1 ± 6.3 kg/m2; age 56.5 ± 0.7 years) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: A group with a high weekly training frequency of three times a week (HIGH) and a group that performed it only once a week (LOW). Cardiometabolic risk factors, anthropometric and HS measures were taken before and after the intervention period. Results: A significant (p < 0.05) group by time interaction was observed for body weight, body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass, plasma glucose, plasma insulin, homeostatic model assessment, and for dominant and absolute HS. Additionally, only the HIGH group saw increased HS and decreased total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol after the intervention period (p < 0.05). The observed increase in HS was associated with an improved insulin resistance sensitivity (absolute handgrip strength: r = −0.40, p = 0.007; relative handgrip strength: r = −0.47, p = 0.001) after training, which constitutes an essential element for cardiovascular health. Conclusions: The results suggest that high weekly frequency training give greater benefits for weight loss and cardiometabolic risk factors improvement than a training program with a training session of once a week. Furthermore, the improvement of HS can be achieved with a high weekly frequency training.

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Effects of Moderate Combined Resistance- and Aerobic-Exercise for 12 Weeks on Body Composition, Cardiometabolic Risk Factors, Blood Pressure, Arterial Stiffness, and Physical Functions, among Obese Older Men: A Pilot Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17197233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (19) ◽

pp. 7233

Author(s):

Wonil Park ◽

Won-Sang Jung ◽

Kwangseok Hong ◽

Yae-Young Kim ◽

Sung-Woo Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

Body Composition ◽

Arterial Stiffness ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Older Men ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

Combined Exercise ◽

Physical Functions

We demonstrated the hypothesis that combined exercise improves body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, blood pressure (BP), arterial stiffness, and physical functions, in obese older men. Older men (n = 20) were randomly assigned to combined exercise training (EXP; n = 10) or control groups (CON; n = 10). The combined exercise was comprised of elastic-band resistance training and walking/running on a treadmill and bicycle at 60–70% of maximal heart rate for 3 days/weeks. EXP showed significant decreases in body weight, body mass index, and %body fat (p < 0.05). The exercise program significantly reduced BP, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity. Furthermore, while the plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and epinephrine were significantly reduced in EXP, VO2 peak and grip strength were significantly enhanced (p < 0.05). In conclusion, it is indicated that 12-week regular combined exercise improves body composition, cardiometabolic risk factors, hemodynamics, and physical performance in obese older men.

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