scholarly journals Assessment of Gingival Health Status among 5- and 12-Year-Old Children in Yemen: A Cross-Sectional Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled A. Al-Haddad ◽  
Yahia T. Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed M. Al-Haddad ◽  
Nezar N. Al-Hebshi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Purpose. There are limited data about the gingival health status in Yemeni children. The aim, therefore, was to assess oral hygiene status and prevalence and severity of gingivitis among Yemeni preschool and school children. Materials and Methods. A total of 5396 children were included from 5 representative Yemeni governorates: Sana'a, Hajjah, Hodeida, Hadramaut, and Taiz. Five-year olds (1292) were recruited from private kindergartens while 12-year olds (4104) were selected from public primary schools. Gingival health status was assessed using the plaque index (PI), calculus index (CAI), and gingival index (GI) on the 6 Ramfjord teeth. The latter index was used to categorize gingivitis severity at the subject level. Data were analyzed using simple hypothesis testing, as well as ordinal regression. Results. The 12-year old children had significantly much higher mean PI, CAI, and GI (P<0.001) with 78.6% presenting with gingivitis and 47.8% with moderate gingivitis. In contrast, the figures were 27.2% and 3.1% in the younger group (P<0.001). There were significant variations according to gender, area of residence, and governorate. Regression analysis revealed that mean PI (OR=35), mean CAI (OR=7.7), male gender (OR=1.6), living in rural areas (OR=1.4), and being from Hajjah or Sana’a were independent risk factors of gingivitis severity in the older group. For the 5-year olds, the determinants were mean PI (OR=122), male gender (OR=1.4), and living in Sana'a or Taiz. Conclusions. Bad oral hygiene and moderate gingivitis are highly prevalent among Yemeni preschool and school children. Geographical location appeared as important independent risk factors of gingival inflammation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Gingival Health Status among 6- and 12-years-old Children in Dhamar City, Yemen: A Cross-sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 440-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah G Amran ◽  
Noor Al-Huda M Al-Rafik
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Early Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gingival Health ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction Epidemiological data on gingivitis in children are important for understanding the natural course of the disease, identifying its risk factors, and predicting its time trends. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and severity of gingivitis among 6- and 12-year-old school children in Dhamar city, Yemen. Materials and methods A total of 663 children (310 children of 6 years old and 353 children of 12 years old) were examined from 10 public primary schools. Gingival health status was assessed using the plaque index (PI), calculus index (CI), and gingival index (GI) on the six Ramfjord teeth. The latter index was used to categorize gingivitis severity at the subject level. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, chi-squared test, and Spearman's correlation. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results Both age groups had high mean of PI and GI with nonsignificant difference. The 12-year-old children had calculus deposits much higher than the 6-year-old group with significant difference. There was a significant correlation between age and gender of the whole sample with CI [(odds ratio, OR = 1.65, p = 0.003) and (OR = 0.74, p = 0.05) respectively]. Most of the participants presented with gingival inflammation, which was less in 12-year-old females. Conclusion Poor oral hygiene and mild gingivitis were highly prevalent among Yemeni school children. Clinical significance The early assessment and intervention of gingivitis and periodontitis will minimize the chance of tooth loss. It has been reported that marginal gingivitis begins early in childhood, increases in prevalence and severity at puberty, and then subsides slightly to the remainder of the second decade of life. How to cite this article Amran AG, Alhajj MN, Al-Rafik NA-HM. Evaluation of Gingival Health Status among 6- and 12-years-old Children in Dhamar City, Yemen: A Cross-sectional Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(6):440-444.

scholarly journals Anaemia and Its Relation to Demographic, Socio-economic and Anthropometric Factors in Rural Primary School Children in Hai Phong City, Vietnam

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoang ◽  
Orellana ◽  
Le ◽  
Gibson ◽  
Worsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Economic Factor ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Microcytic Anaemia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Normocytic Anaemia

Little is known about the prevalence of anaemia and associated factors in school children in Vietnam. In this cross-sectional study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of anaemia and its subtypes, and the associations of types of anaemia with demographic, socio-economic and anthropometric factors among 6–9-year-old primary school children in rural areas of Hai Phong City, Vietnam. Haemoglobin (Hb) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were measured, and demographic, socio-economic and anthropometric data were collected in 893 children from eight primary schools. The prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 115 g/L) was 12.9% (95% CI: 8.1%, 19.9%), microcytic anaemia (Hb < 115 g/L and MCV < 80 fL) was 7.9% (95% CI: 5.3%, 11.6%) and normocytic anaemia (Hb < 115 g/L and MCV 80–90 fL) was 5.3% (95% CI: 2.9%, 9.5%). No child presented with macrocytic anaemia (Hb < 115 g/L and MCV > 90 fL). Children who were underweight, wasted, or in anthropometric failure (either underweight, stunted or wasted) were more likely to be anaemic (all p ≤ 0.004), and specifically, to have normocytic anaemia (all p ≤ 0.006), than those who were not underweight, wasted or in anthropometric failure. Stunted children were more likely to be anaemic (p = 0.018) than those who were not stunted. Overweight/obese children were less likely to be anaemic (p = 0.026) or have normocytic anaemia (p = 0.038) compared with children who were not overweight/obese. No anthropometric status indicator was associated with the risk of microcytic anaemia. No demographic or socio-economic factor was associated with any type of anaemia. Anaemia remains a public health issue in rural areas in Hai Phong City, Vietnam, and future approaches for its prevention and control should target undernourished primary school children.

scholarly journals A Study of Prevalence of Taenia Infestation and Associated Risk Factors Among the School Children of Dharan

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Bilakshan Sah ◽  
PK Pokharel ◽  
IS Paudel ◽  
A Acharya ◽  
N Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Private School ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Taenia Species

Background Taenia prevalence has remained high among certain ethnic groups and occupational diseases in Nepal. Taenia saginata and Taenia solium species are worldwide in distribution. Infection is found most often in rural areas of developing countries with poor hygiene and living in close contact with pigs and eating undercooked pork meats. This allows the tapeworm infection to be completed and its cycle to continue. Objectives  To measure the prevalence of taenia infestation and to identify risk factors associated with taenia infestation among the school children of Dharan. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among 935 Government and private school going children of Grade VI, VII, and VIII of Dharan during 2007 to 2008. Stratified random sampling method was applied to choose the schools and the study subjects. The prevalence was calculated, Chi-square test was used to measure the association of risk factors and taenia infestation. Results Taenia species was found to be high (5.5%) among the school children of Dharan. Infection rate of taenia among the male children (6.0%) was slightly higher than female (4.8%). There were no cases of taenia infestation found among children washing hands with soap. Regarding meat consumption in the non-vegetarian group, taenia infestation was found higher (6.5%) among pork eating than non-pork eating (4.7%). No significant relationship was traced among the factors in the causation of taenia infestation although slight indications present. Conclusion Taenia species was found very high among the school children of Dharan. No such association was found with the risk factors. Kathmandu University Medical Journal | VOL.10 | NO. 3 | ISSUE 39 | JUL- SEP 2012 | Page 14-17 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i3.8011

scholarly journals Oral Hygiene Myths and its Association with Gingival Health Status among Patients in Aseer Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 506-510
Author(s):  
Muhammed Ajmal ◽  
Khalil I Assiri ◽  
Buthainah M Al-Ahmari ◽  
Hatoon S Abumelha ◽  
Rahaf A Almobty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gingival Health

scholarly journals Assessment of prevalence and risk factors for intestinal parasitosis, malnutrition and anemia among school children in Ghindae area, Eritrea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafet Kesete ◽  
Huruy Tesfahiwet ◽  
Ghimja Fessehaye ◽  
Yohana Kidane ◽  
Yafet Tekle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Parasitosis ◽  
Prevalence Of Anemia

AbstractBackgroundIntestinal parasitic infections, anemia, and malnutrition are very endemic in resource-limited regions. School-aged children are at greater risk for the disease than any other age group as they are more susceptible to parasitosis, associated undergrowth and anemia. This study is aimed at evaluating the risk factors of intestinal parasitosis, malnutrition and anemia amongst elementary and junior school students in Ghindae area, Eritrea.MethodsA cross sectional study was conducted in 6 schools around Ghindae from February to April 2018. 450 children were randomly selected for analysis and consent was taken from guardians. The pertinent sociodemographic data was collected and anthropometric measurements were carried out to determine the proportion of students with malnutrition, stunting and thinness. Fecal samples were examined by formal concentration technique and blood specimen was collected for the assessment of hemoglobin using hemocue analyzer.ResultsThe overall prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was 45.3%. Protozoa infections (38.2%) were more prevalent than soil-transmitted helminthes infections (10.4%). The presence of different intestinal parasitic infections has statistically significant association with the residence area, washing habits, source of water, types of schools and type of latrine used with (p < 0.05). The prevalence of malnutrition was 37.1% with 18.5% stunting and 21.2% thinness. Malnutrition was in higher prevalence in semi-urban areas outside Ghindae. Students from Embatkala and Dongolo had 4.77 and 2.86 times higher odds of having low BMI for age than their counterpart respectively. The current prevalence of anemia was 12.4%, out of which, 7.6 % had mild while 4.4% of them had moderate anemia and 0.4% were severely anemic.ConclusionThe prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections, especially, protozoan infection was very high in the school children. Stunting was increased rate in rural areas around Ghindae. The prevalence of anemia was regarded as mild health burden. The high prevalence of parasitic infections in these children indicates that the protozoa and helminthes concerned are very common in the environment of these area and results of the risk factors analysis suggest that the transmission is from several routes. Access to clean water and latrines, with some hygiene and sanitation communication activities, in addition to introduction of micronutrient programs could improve health of children in that area.

scholarly journals Prevalence, infection intensity and associated risk factors of Intestinal Schistosomiasis among primary school Children in Lira District, Northern Uganda

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Paul Byagamy ◽  
Geoffrey Maxwell Malinga ◽  
Harriet Angwech ◽  
Robert Opiro ◽  
Richard Echodu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intestinal Schistosomiasis ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Objective: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence, infection intensity and associated risk factors of intestinal schistosomiasis among primary school children in Lira district, Uganda. The study was conducted among 532 primary school pupils aged 6-16 years from eight randomly selected primary schools (March-May 2017). Stool samples were collected and examined for schistosomiasis using Odongo-Aginya method. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and risk factors were obtained using questionnaires. Results: The overall prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni was 35.7% indicating a moderate infection. Both males and females were equally affected with S. mansoni . Ogur sub county had highest prevalence (42.1%) than others. Akangi and Akano primary schools both had highest (21.1%) prevalence compared to the others. Individuals aged 14-16 and 10-14 years had heavy infections (mean epg) of 600 and 565 eggs, respectively than those aged 6-9 years. With regard to risk factors, source of drinking water, sub-county location and primary school were associated with infection. Participants who fetch water from spring (85,44.7%) had higher infection than those who fetch from other sources. The study recommends provision of safe water, periodic treatment of school-aged children with praziquantel and public health education to reduce prevalence of S. mansoni .

scholarly journals A Multi-Centre Survey on Hospital Malnutrition: Result of PNSI Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somayeh Poudineh ◽  
Forough Shayesteh ◽  
Jamshid Kermanchi ◽  
Ali-Akbar Haghdoost ◽  
Parisa Torabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Malignant Disease ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

Abstract Background: Disease-related malnutrition is associated with adverse outcomes such as increased rates of morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospital stay, and extra costs of health care. This study was conducted to assess nutritional status among patients and to determine the risk factors for malnutrition in Iran university hospitals. Methods: Persian Nutritional Survey In Hospitals (PNSI) was a cross-sectional study that conducted in 20 university hospitals across Iran. All the patients with age range of 18 to 65 years, who were admitted or discharged, were assessed by subjective global assessment (SGA). Results: In total, 2306 patients were evaluated for malnutrition. Mean values of age and body mass index were 44.7±14 years and 25.2±6 kg/m2, respectively. Malnutrition (SGA-B & C) was identified in 23.9% of the patients, 26.2% and 21% of whom were among the admitted and discharged patients, respectively. The prevalence of malnutrition was higher in burns (78%) and heart surgery (58%) patients. Malnutrition was not associated with age (P=0.1). Multivariate analysis presented male gender (OR=1.023, P<0.001), malignant disease (OR=1.409, P<0.001), length of hospital stay (OR=1.206, P<0.001), and polypharmacy (OR=1.066, P<0.001) as independent risk factors for malnutrition.Conclusion: One out of four patients in the studied university hospitals was suffering from malnutrition; thus, appropriate measures should be taken to ameliorate this condition. Male gender, malignant disease, length of hospital stay, and polypharmacy were identified as independent risk factors for malnutrition.

Prevalence and determinants of metabolic syndrome based on three definitions in rural northeast China

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (18) ◽  
pp. 3379-3386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Du ◽  
Liying Xing ◽  
Shuang Liu ◽  
Li Jing ◽  
Yuanmeng Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Independent Risk Factors

AbstractObjective:To gain more comprehensive understanding of metabolic syndrome (Mets) among in general Chinese population.Design:Cross-sectional study. Mets was defined by three widely accepted definitions including modified Adults Treatment Panel (ATP) III criteria, International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria and harmonized definition. Risk factors were evaluated by using multivariate logistic regression.Setting:Nineteen rural villages in northeast China.Participants:The survey was conducted in September 2017 and May 2018 on 10 926 individuals.Results:According to modified ATP III criteria, IDF criteria and harmonised definition, the overall prevalence of Mets was 41·3 % (95 % CI 40·3, 42·2), 34·2 % (95 % CI 33·2, 35·1) and 44·1 % (95 % CI 43·1, 45·1), respectively. Females had a higher prevalence, and elevated blood pressure was the most frequent. Age, female sex, non-peasant worker, higher BMI and lower-annual income were independent risk factors of Mets in all three definitions (all ps < 0·05). Based on modified ATP III criteria and harmonised definition, heavy drinking was positively correlated with Mets. In contrast, former drinking was inversely associated with Mets.Conclusions:Mets is highly prevalent in rural areas of northeast China. Its independent risk factors include higher age, female sex, non-peasantry worker, higher BMI and lower-annual income. Modified ATP III criteria and harmonised definition may be superior definitions of Mets.

scholarly journals Oral hygiene and health status of rural school children in Rajahmahendravaram: a cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1797
Author(s):  
B. Sudha Spandana ◽  
Lavanya K. M. ◽  
Sushant Kumar Mishra ◽  
Hari Krishnam Raju S.
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
School Children ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
General Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Rural School ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Decayed Tooth

Background: Oral health is an integral component of general health. School age, especially younger ages, is a period of overall development. Although enjoying good oral health includes more than just having healthy teeth, many children have inadequate oral and general health because of improper oral hygiene, bad eating habits etc. Oral health affects the general health, well-being, education and development of children and diminishes their quality of life. Objectives were to assess the oral health status and oral hygiene of rural school children and to determine the factors associated with it.Methods: A Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in the rural field practice area of Rajahmahendravaram for a period of 3 months. All the children between 1st to 5th classes were screened to evaluate the oral health and hygiene status. Findings were documented in a pre-validated proforma and subsequently analyzed.Results: Total 620 students were screened in 4 rural schools. About 165 (26.6%) students were 10 years age and 54.3% were boys. Decayed tooth were present in 294 (47.4%). About 17% had only 1 decayed tooth, six teeth were seen decayed among 4 (0.6%) students. Dental morbidities are seen in 509 (82.1%). Pulp involvement was seen in 11 (1.8%) students, tooth fracture in 4 (0.8%), gingival involvement in 13 (2.1%), calculus in 52 (8.4%) and scaling in 80 (12.9%). Good oral hygiene was seen in 156 (25.2%).Conclusions: Oral health status and oral hygiene among rural school children is not satisfactory and needs attention.

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