Antioxidative and Cardioprotective Properties of Anthocyanins from Defatted Dabai Extracts

This study aimed to determine anthocyanins and their antioxidative and cardioprotective properties in defatted dabai parts. Anthocyanins in crude extracts and extract fractions of defatted dabai peel and pericarp were quantified using UHPLC, while their antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress inhibition ability were evaluated by using DPPH and CUPRAC assays as well as linoleic acid oxidation system, hemoglobin oxidation, and PARP-1 inhibition ELISA. Cardioprotective effect of the defatted dabai peel extract was evaluated using hypercholesterolemic-induced New Zealand white rabbits. Six anthocyanins were detected in the defatted dabai peel, with the highest antioxidant capacities and oxidative stress inhibition effect compared to the other part. The defatted dabai peel extract has also inhibited lipid peroxidation (plasma MDA) and elevated cellular antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx) in the tested animal model. Major anthocyanin (cyanidin-3-glucoside) and other anthocyanins (pelargonidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside, and peonidin-3-glucoside) detected in the defatted dabai peel are potential future nutraceuticals with promising medicinal properties.

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II. Cytochrome P-450 enzymes and oxidative stress

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.2001.281.5.g1135 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 281 (5) ◽

pp. G1135-G1139 ◽

Cited By ~ 215

Author(s):

Graham Robertson ◽

Isabelle Leclercq ◽

Geoffrey C. Farrell

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Molecular Oxygen ◽

Hepatic Steatosis ◽

Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Cellular Injury ◽

Second Hit ◽

Cytochrome P 450 ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress is present in the liver of humans with steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and is a plausible mediator of cellular injury, inflammatory recruitment, and fibrogenesis. CYPs 2E1 and 4A are the microsomal oxidases involved with fatty acid oxidation. Both enzymes can reduce molecular oxygen to produce prooxidant species, which, if not countered efficiently by antioxidants, create oxidative stress. In this theme article, we present the evidence that, in the context of hepatic steatosis, CYPs 2E1 and 4A could generate the “second hit” of cellular injury, particularly when antioxidant reserves are depleted, and propose ways in which this could contribute to the pathogenesis of NASH.

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Loss of Androgen Receptor in Aging and Oxidative Stress through Myb Protooncoprotein-regulated Reciprocal Chromatin Dynamics of p53 and Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase PARP-1

Journal of Biological Chemistry ◽

10.1074/jbc.m805980200 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 283 (52) ◽

pp. 36474-36485 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Liheng Shi ◽

Soyoung Ko ◽

Soyoung Kim ◽

Ibtissam Echchgadda ◽

Tae-Sung Oh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Androgen Receptor ◽

Chromatin Dynamics ◽

Parp 1 ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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Fatty acid oxidation and isoprostanes: Oxidative strain and oxidative stress

Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids ◽

10.1016/j.plefa.2010.02.031 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 82 (4-6) ◽

pp. 219-225 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Samar Basu

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

And Oxidative Stress

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Acute fatty liver of pregnancy: an update on mechanisms

Obstetric Medicine ◽

10.1258/om.2011.100071 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 99-103 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Sathish Kumar Natarajan ◽

Kavitha R Thangaraj ◽

Ashish Goel ◽

C E Eapen ◽

K A Balasubramanian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽

Acid Oxidation ◽

Maternal Circulation ◽

Subcellular Organelles ◽

Microvesicular Steatosis ◽

Acute Fatty Liver ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), characterized by hepatic microvesicular steatosis, is a sudden catastrophic illness occurring almost exclusively in the third trimester of pregnancy. Defective fatty acid oxidation in the fetus has been shown to be associated with this disease. Since the placenta has the same genetic makeup as the fetus and as AFLP patients generally recover following delivery, we hypothesized that the placenta might be involved in pathogenesis of this disease. In an animal model of hepatic microvesicular steatosis (using sodium valproate), we found that microvesicular steatosis results in mitochondrial structural alterations and oxidative stress in subcellular organelles of the liver. In placentas from patients with AFLP, we observed placental mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in subcellular organelles. In addition, defective placental fatty acid oxidation results in accumulation of toxic mediators such as arachidonic acid. Escape of these mediators into the maternal circulation might affect the maternal liver resulting in microvesicular steatosis.

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Nephroprotective effect of turmeric on oxidative stress, renal histopathology and toxicity induced by gentamicin

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20172028 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 1282

Author(s):

Sangita Devrao Jogdand ◽

Raju Shinde ◽

Vivek Sinha ◽

Naman Chandrakar

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Renal Damage ◽

Antioxidant Property ◽

Treated Group ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Damage Grades ◽

Medicinal Properties ◽

Nephroprotective Effect ◽

And Oxidative Stress

Background: Commonly used aminoglycosides have frequent side effect of nephrotoxicity, still are preferred by clinicians because of efficacy against gram negative bacteria, resistant bacteria, nosocomial infections and cost effectiveness. Gentamicin produces oxidative stress; substances ameliorating stress are used to reduce toxicity. Turmeric has multiple medicinal properties including potent antioxidant activity, hence study was undertaken.Methods: Eight groups containing six animals in each group, treated for 15 days. First group treated with normal saline. Second, fourth and sixth group treated with only gentamicin- sacrificed at 16, 22, 29th day. Third, fifth and seventh group treated with gentamicin and turmeric simultaneously and sacrificed on 16, 22, 29th day. Eighth group was pre-treated with turmeric for thirty days and concurrently treated with gentamicin and turmeric for 15 days and sacrificed on 16th day. Levels of blood urea, serum creatinine, superoxide dismutase and histopathological grades were assessed each time.Results: Severe renal dysfunction (146 ± 9.2, 2.03 ± 0.26), highest renal injury grading (3.66 ± 0.24) was observed in only gentamicin treated groups followed by spontaneous recovery after withdrawal of drug but with higher levels of oxidative stress (0.04 ± 0.01). Gentamicin and Turmeric treated groups maintained renal function and had lower level of renal damage grades and oxidative stress. Turmeric pre-treated group was having lowest oxidative stress (0.12 ± 0.03), histopathology grade (0.60 ± 0.06) with normal renal functions.Conclusions: Turmeric has potent antioxidant property which effectively protects kidney from damage induced because of gentamicin.

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