scholarly journals Mild Diabetes Models and Their Maternal-Fetal Repercussions

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Damasceno ◽  
Y. K. Sinzato ◽  
A. Bueno ◽  
A. O. Netto ◽  
B. Dallaqua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Intrauterine Environment ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Adequate Model ◽  
Mild Diabetes ◽  
Fetal Complications ◽  
The Many ◽  
Diabetes Induction

The presence of diabetes in pregnancy leads to hormonal and metabolic changes making inappropriate intrauterine environment, favoring the onset of maternal and fetal complications. Human studies that explore mechanisms responsible for changes caused by diabetes are limited not only for ethical reasons but also by the many uncontrollable variables. Thus, there is a need to develop appropriate experimental models. The diabetes induced in laboratory animals can be performed by different methods depending on dose, route of administration, and the strain and age of animal used. Many of these studies are carried out in neonatal period or during pregnancy, but the results presented are controversial. So this paper, addresses the review about the different models of mild diabetes induction using streptozotocin in pregnant rats and their repercussions on the maternal and fetal organisms to propose an adequate model for each approached issue.

New insights in the interaction of FGF/FGFR and steroid receptor signaling in breast cancer

Endocrinology ◽  
2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Pérez Piñero ◽  
Sebastián Giulianelli ◽  
Caroline A Lamb ◽  
Claudia Lanari
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Endocrine Resistance ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Luminal Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Subtypes ◽  
Stromal Tissue ◽  
The Many

Abstract Luminal breast cancer (BrCa) has a favorable prognosis compared to other tumor subtypes. However, with time tumors may evolve and lead to disease progression. Thus, there is a great interest in unraveling the mechanisms that drive tumor metastasis and endocrine resistance. In this review we focused in one of the many pathways that have been involved in tumor progression, the FGF/FGFR axis. We emphasized in data obtained from in vivo experimental models since we believe that in luminal BrCa, tumor growth relies in a crosstalk with the stromal tissue. We revisited the studies that illustrate the interaction between hormone receptors and FGFR. We also highlighted the most frequent alterations found in BrCa cell lines and we provide a short review on the trials that use FGFR inhibitors in combination with endocrine therapies. The analysis of this data suggests that there are many players involved in this pathway that might be also targeted to decrease FGF signaling in addition to specific FGFR inhibitors that may be exploited to increase their efficacy.

The gut microbiota of wild rodents: Challenges and opportunities

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Viney
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Wild Animal ◽  
Critical Assessment ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wild Rodents ◽  
Major Study ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Many

The gut microbiota can have important, wide-ranging effects on its host. To date, laboratory animals, particularly mice, have been the major study system for microbiota research. It is now becoming increasingly clear that laboratory animals often poorly model aspects of the biology of wild animals, and this concern extends to the study of the gut microbiota. Here, the relatively few studies of the microbiota of wild rodents are reviewed, including a critical assessment of how the gut microbiota differs between laboratory and wild rodents. Finally, the many potential advantages and opportunities of wild-animal systems for research into the gut microbiota are considered.

Genotoxicity Evaluation in Severe or Mild Diabetic Pregnancy in Laboratory Animals

2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (05) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.H. Lima ◽  
Y. Sinzato ◽  
R. Gelaleti ◽  
I.M. Calderon ◽  
M.V. Rudge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Oxidative Dna Damage ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Intravenous Route ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Severe Diabetes ◽  
Mild Diabetes

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the genotoxicity (DNA damage levels) in lymphocyte samples from pregnant Wistar rats with severe or mild diabetes and in whole blood samples from their newborns. Wistar female rats (1 and 90 days of age) and male rats (approximately 90 days of age) were used. The experiment consisted of 2 experimental groups (n=8 animals/group): 1) rats with severe diabetes, 2) rats with mild diabetes. For mild diabetes induction, the rats received streptozotocin (STZ) subcutaneously (100 mg/kg body weight) at day of birth, and those showing glycemia from 120 to 300 mg/dL in their adult life were included. For induction of severe diabetes, adult rats received 40 mg/kg STZ (intravenous route), and those showing glycemia > 300 mg/dL were included. At day 21 of pregnancy, the rats were anesthetized and euthanized for removal of maternal and fetal blood samples for determination of the oxidative DNA damage by applying Endo III and Fpg using the comet assay. Thus, the rats with mild diabetes and their offspring showed higher Fpg-sensitive sites, reflecting the damage resulting from hyperglycemia. The rats with severe diabetes and their offspring showed higher oxidative DNA damage detected by Fpg and Endo III-sensitive sites, showing general repercussions related to diabetes. The enzymatic treatment for DNA damage evidenced that the maternal repercussions of diabetes are associated with oxidative DNA damage of their newborn, which was not reflected using only the analysis of DNA damage free of the enzymes.

scholarly journals Dietary protein restriction of pregnant rats in the F0 generation induces altered methylation of hepatic gene promoters in the adult male offspring in the F1 and F2 generations

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham C. Burdge ◽  
Jo Slater-Jefferies ◽  
Christopher Torrens ◽  
Emma S. Phillips ◽  
Mark A. Hanson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Gene Promoters ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
First Time

Epidemiological studies and experimental models show that maternal nutritional constraint during pregnancy alters the metabolic phenotype of the offspring and that this can be passed to subsequent generations. In the rat, induction of an altered metabolic phenotype in the liver of the F1 generation by feeding a protein-restricted diet (PRD) during pregnancy involves the altered methylation of specific gene promoters. We therefore investigated whether the altered methylation of PPARα and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) promoters was passed to the F2 generation. Females rats (F0) were fed a reference diet (180 g/kg protein) or PRD (90 g/kg protein) throughout gestation, and AIN-76A during lactation. The F1 offspring were weaned onto AIN-76A. F1 females were mated and fed AIN-76A throughout pregnancy and lactation. F1 and F2 males were killed on postnatal day 80. Hepatic PPARα and GR promoter methylation was significantly (P < 0·05) lower in the PRD group in the F1 (PPARα 8 %, GR 10 %) and F2 (PPARα 11 %, GR 8 %) generations. There were trends (P < 0·1) towards a higher expression of PPARα, GR, acyl-CoA oxidase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in the F1 and F2 males, although this was significant only for PEPCK. These data show for the first time that the altered methylation of gene promoters induced in the F1 generation by maternal protein restriction during pregnancy is transmitted to the F2 generation. This may represent a mechanism for the transmission of induced phenotypes between generations.

scholarly journals Animal models in the study of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy

2010 ◽  
pp. 633-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Wang ◽  
U Wisloff ◽  
OJ Kemi
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Cardiac Hypertrophy ◽  
Wheel Running ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Training Models ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Experimental Approaches ◽  
Exercise Induced

Exercise training-induced cardiac hypertrophy occurs following a program of aerobic endurance exercise training and it is considered as a physiologically beneficial adaptation. To investigate the underlying biology of physiological hypertrophy, we rely on robust experimental models of exercise training in laboratory animals that mimic the training response in humans. A number of experimental strategies have been established, such as treadmill and voluntary wheel running and swim training models that all associate with cardiac growth. These approaches have been applied to numerous animal models with various backgrounds. However, important differences exist between these experimental approaches, which may affect the interpretation of the results. Here, we review the various approaches that have been used to experimentally study exercise training-induced cardiac hypertrophy; including the advantages and disadvantages of the various models.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of the use of oxymethyl uracil on the model of acute alcohol intoxication

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (11) ◽  
pp. 1287-1291
Author(s):  
Ahat B. Bakirov ◽  
Elvira F. Repina ◽  
Denis O. Karimov ◽  
Samat S. Baigildin ◽  
Alfiya R. Gimadieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acute Exposure ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Corrective Effect

Introduction. Considering the prevalence of acute alcohol poisoning in Russia, it seems urgent to search for new effective means of correcting them. Along with taking measures to remove ethanol from the body, pathogenetic correction is effective. Oxymethyluracil and its derivatives have proven to be effective hepatoprotectors in various experimental models of liver damage. The aim of the research was the evaluation of the effectiveness of oxymethyl uracil on the model of acute alcohol intoxication. Material and methods. On the model of acute toxic liver injury of laboratory animals with ethanol, the efficiency of correction of pathological changes with oxymethyl uracil was studied compared to the drug “Mexidol”. A complex of biochemical, morphological and genetic studies was carried out. Results. The morphological studies showed that the correction with oxymethyluracil was more effective at both time points than the drug “Mexidol”, which was manifested in a lower intensity of damage to the liver parenchyma. In the group that received oxymethyluracil, a restoration of the frequency of expression of the Chek 1 gene was observed both after 24 and 72 hours. Upon acute exposure to ethanol, a slight decrease in the level of RIPK1 gene expression was observed. The level of expression of this gene decreased most significantly during the correction of oxy methyl uracil. A decrease in the frequency of expression of this gene can indicate a slowdown in necrosis processes and suppression of reactive oxygen species production in liver cells and, consequently, a curative effect of oxymethyluracil in this type of intoxication. Conclusion. Based on the complex biochemical, morphological and genetic studies carried out, it can be concluded that under acute exposure to ethanol, the corrective effect of oxymethyl uracil is more pronounced than Mexidol (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate).

scholarly journals Particularities of Experimental Models Used to Induce Gastric Ulcer

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Simona Fulga ◽  
Ana-Maria Pelin ◽  
Cristina Mihaela Ghiciuc ◽  
Elena Cătălina Lupușoru
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Surgical Methods

Abstract Introduction: Gastric ulcer is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases, therefore the constant interest for new treatments is due to adverse effects induced by current therapy. The restricted number of in vivo experimental models is a challenge for researchers. Objectives: Identifying the particularities of different types of experimentally induced gastric ulcer in laboratory animals to facilitate their choise for the study of new antiulcer drugs. Material and method: A search in PubMed and Scopus using keywords ( “experimentally” AND “gastric ulcer” AND “rats/mice”) to include experimental studies with the description of local-induced changes. Review articles and in vitro studies were excluded. Results and discussions: Experimental researches on new drugs for gastric ulcer use chemical or surgical methods to induce gastric lesions in rats. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acetic acid models to investigate antisecretory and cytoprotective effects; ethanol models evaluate cytoprotective and/or antioxidant effects; pylorus ligature models to evaluate the effects on the secretion of aggressive gastric factors (hydrochloric acid or pepsin). NSAIDs (indomethacin, acetylsalicylic acid or ibuprofen) inhibit cyclooxygenase activity, resulting from reduced mucus and bicarbonate secretion, decreased mucosal blood flow, alteration of microvascular structures, causing epithelial damage Ethanol enhances the proteolytic and hydrolytic action of hydrochloric acid and pepsin; in addition, stimulates the acid secretion and disruptes vascular endothelium. Pylorus ligature determines the accumulation of gastric acid resulting in gastric ulcers due to the autodigestion of the mucosa. Conclusion: The knowledge of the mechanisms to induce experimental gastric ulcers is essential for choosing the model to evaluate new antiulcer agents.

scholarly journals Experimental Model of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) in rats: management guidelines

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asdrubal Falavigna ◽  
Fernanda Cechetti ◽  
Guilherme Finger ◽  
Leonardo Gilmone Ruschel ◽  
Grasiela Marcon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Postoperative Management ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Standard Protocol ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Management Guidelines ◽  
Cord Injury

Surgical experiments with laboratory animals are necessary for medical research. These studies aim to clarify the mechanism of disease, investigate the action and efficacy of new drugs or biological markers, as well as develop and enhance new therapies and apply new techniques. Regarding the models of spinal cord injury (SCI), there are several different methods that address the handling of the animals, especially concerning the use of analgesics, antibiotics and pre- and postoperative management. The lack of uniformity and standardization among the studies does not allow the understanding of the model of SCI or the proper handling of the paraplegic animals, hampering the adequate interpretation and comparison of results. The goal of this study is to establish a standard protocol on the handling of animals subjected to experimental models of SCI.

scholarly journals Evaluation of placental glycogen storage in mild diabetic rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Bueno ◽  
Isabela Lovizutto Iessi ◽  
Iracema de Mattos Paranhos Calderon ◽  
Marilza Vieira Cunha Rudge ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Meirelles dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Glycogen Metabolism ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mild Diabetes ◽  
Reduced Rate

PURPOSE: To evaluate the placental glycogen storage and fetal development in the pregnancy of neonatally streptozocin-induced diabetic rats and to establish relation with glycemia and insulin levels. METHODS: At the birth day, 147 female rats were randomly distributed in two experimental groups: 1) Non-diabetic Group (Control, n=45) - received the vehicle; 2) Diabetic Group (STZ, n=102) - received 100 mg streptozocin/kg in neonatal period. At day 0 of pregnancy, adult female rats were included in the control group when presented glycemia below 120 mg/dL and, in the group STZ with glycemia between 120 and 300 mg/dL. At day 21 of pregnancy, blood samples were collected for glycemia and insulin determination, and placentas withdrawn for placental glycogen determination. The newborns (NB) were classified in small (SGA), appropriate (AGA) and large (LGA) for gestational age. RESULTS: Rats STZ presented higher glycemia at days 0 and 14 of pregnancy. At end of pregnancy, rats STZ showed higher proportion of NB SGA and LGA; reduced rate of NB AGA and unaltered glycemia, insulin and placental glycogen determinations. CONCLUSION: Mild diabetes altered the maternal glycemia in the early pregnancy, impairing future fetal development, but it caused no alteration on insulin and placental glycogen determination, confirming that this glycemic intensity was insufficient to change glycogen metabolism.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document