scholarly journals Removal of Sulfur Dioxide from Flue Gas Using the Sludge Sodium Humate

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Guoxin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sodium Humate ◽  
Great Performance

This study shows the ability of sodium humate from alkaline treatment sludge on removing sulfur dioxide (SO2) in the simulated flue gas. Experiments were conducted to examine the effect of various operating parameters, like the inlet SO2concentration or temperature or O2, on the SO2absorption efficiency and desulfurization time in a lab-scale bubbling reactor. The sludge sodium humate in the supernatant after alkaline sludge treatment shows great performance in SO2absorption, and such efficiency can be maintained above 98% with 100 mL of this absorption solution at 298 K (flue gas rate of 0.12 m3/h). The highest SO2absorption by 1.63 g SHA-Na is 0.946 mmol in the process, which is translated to 0.037 g SO2g−1SHA-Na. The experimental results indicate that the inlet SO2concentration slightly influences the SO2absorption efficiency and significantly influences the desulfurization time. The pH of the absorption solution should be above 3.5 in this process in order to make an effective desulfurization. The products of this process were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. It can be seen that the desulfurization products mainly contain sludge humic acid sediment, which can be used as fertilizer components.

Preliminary Preparation and Characterization Studies of Cellulose from Merbau (Intsia bijuga)

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Nur Amira Mamat Razali ◽  
Fauziah Abdul Aziz ◽  
Saadah Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Characterization Studies ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. The characteristic of hardwood include flowers, endosperm within seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. This paper aims to discuss the preparation and characterization of cellulose obtained from hardwood. The hardwood Merbau (Intsia bijuga) was chosen as raw material in this study. Alkaline treatment and delignification methods were used for the preparation of cellulose. Acid hydrolysis was employed to produce cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). The treated and untreated samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The final product, from both trated and untreated samples were then compared.

scholarly journals Eightfold Electrophilic Methylation of Octacyanotungstate [W(CN)8]4−/3−: Preparation of Homoleptic, Eight-coordinate Methylisocyanide Complexes [W(CNMe)8]4+/5+

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Sellin ◽  
Susanne Margot Rupf ◽  
Ulrich Abram ◽  
Moritz Malischewski
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Epr Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Liquid Sulfur ◽  
Methyl Fluoride ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ir And Raman ◽  
Methyl Triflate

Homoleptic eight-fold coordinated methylisocyanide complexes of W(IV) and W(V) have been prepared for the first time. The reaction of [NBu4]4[W(CN)8] with methyl triflate MeOTf gives [W(CNMe)8][OTf]4. The even stronger methylating mixture of methyl fluoride MeF and arsenic pentafluoride AsF5 in liquid sulfur dioxide SO2 is able to fully alkylate both [NBu4]4[W(CN)8] and [NBu4]3[W(CN)8]. The paramagnetic octakis(methylisocyanide)- tungsten(V) [W(CNMe)8][AsF6]5 is thermally highly unstable above −30 °C. All compounds have been characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR and Raman, as well as NMR or EPR spectroscopy<br>

Corrosion inhibition of organic amine on Q235 steel in ammonium sulfate slurry of ammonia flue gas desulfurization system

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-442
Author(s):  
Zhouyang Lian ◽  
Zhengwei Luo ◽  
Lirui Yuan ◽  
Mulin Guo ◽  
Wuji Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Q235 Steel ◽  
Maximum Value

Purpose This paper aims to evaluate diethylenetriamine (DETA) as an inhibitor on Q235 (Gr. D) steel in ammonia flue gas desulfurization (AFGD) system. Design/methodology/approach This research was carried out by weight loss, electrochemical measurements, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry. The effects of DETA on crystallization of ammonium sulfate and its co-crystallization were also investigated by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. Findings The inhibition efficiency of DETA reached a maximum value of 98.96 per cent. DETA is postulated to adsorb on Q235 steel surface, resulting in the formation of a protective film by the accumulation of many flat particles, and the thickness of protective film is 8 μm. DETA had no effect on the crystallization of ammonium sulfate product. Originality/value DETA can be used in AFGD system as an inhibitor to protect the equipment well.

scholarly journals Preparation and Properties of Nanocellulose from Miscanthus x giganteus

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerii A. Barbash ◽  
Olha V. Yashchenko ◽  
Olesia A. Vasylieva
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Thermochemical Treatment ◽  
Crystallinity Index ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Miscanthus X Giganteus ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Miscanthus x giganteus stalks were used to make organosolvent pulp and nanocellulose. The organosolvent miscanthus pulp (OMP) was obtained through thermal treatment in the mixture of glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide at the first stage and the alkaline treatment at the second stage. Hydrolysis of the never-dried OМP was carried out by a solution of sulfuric acid with concentrations of 43% and 50% and followed by ultrasound treatment. Structural changes and the crystallinity index of OMP and nanocellulose were studied by SEM and FTIR methods. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed an increase in the crystallinity of OMP and nanocellulose as a result of thermochemical treatment. We show that nanocellulose has a density of up to 1.6 g/cm3, transparency up to 82%, and a crystallinity index of 76.5%. The AFM method showed that the particles of nanocellulose have a diameter in the range from 10 to 20 nm. A thermogravimetric analysis confirmed that nanocellulose films have a denser structure and lower mass loss in the temperature range of 320–440°C compared to OMP. The obtained nanocellulose films have high tensile strength up to 195 MPa. The nanocellulose obtained from OMP exhibits the improved properties for the preparation of new nanocomposite materials.

The Effects of Operation Parameters on CO2 Removal Efficiency by Membrane Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 2326-2329
Author(s):  
Fang Qin Li ◽  
Ji Yong Liu ◽  
Xiao Feng Zhang ◽  
Jian Xing Ren ◽  
Jiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Membrane Contactor ◽  
Solution Flow ◽  
Operation Parameters

On the membrane contactor test unit, chose monoethanolamine (MEA) as absorption solution to absorb CO2 of simulated flue gases, studied effects of operating parameters on CO2 capture. Operating parameters included initial CO2 contents in flue gas, flue gas flow and absorption solution flow. Experimental results showed that: the greater the absorption of fluid flow, the higher the CO2 removal rate;While the greater the flue gas flow or the higher the initial CO2 concentration in flue gas, the lower the CO2 removal rate. In order to study the influence of the regeneration solution on CO2 absorption efficiency, regeneration experiments were done. Since the loss of solvent in regeneration solution, CO2 removal efficiency by regeneration solution was lower than that by original absorption solution.

Preparation, Characterization and Swelling Behaviours of a Novel Multifunctional Superabsorbent Composite Based on Ca-Montmorillonite and Sodium Humate

e-Polymers ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yian Zheng ◽  
Aiqin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Graft Copolymerization ◽  
Water Absorbency ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Inorganic Component ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Salt Solutions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sodium Humate ◽  
Superabsorbent Composite

AbstractIn this work, a novel water-managing superabsorbent composite was prepared by graft copolymerization reaction using acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) as the monomers, calcium montmorillonite (Ca-MMT) as an inorganic component and sodium humate (SH) as fertilizer, and well characterized by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of the reaction temperature, neutralization degree of AA, amount of crosslinker, initiator, Ca-MMT and SH on water absorbencies were systematically investigated. The water absorbencies of the superabsorbent composite synthesized under optimal conditions with a Ca-MMT content of 20 wt% and an SH content of 30 wt% are 615 g g-1 and 45 g g-1 in distilled water and in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution, respectively. The swelling behaviours of the superabsorbent composite in various cationic salt solutions (NaCl, CaCl2 and FeCl3) were also investigated and it was found that at the same saline concentration (> 0.1 mmol L-1), the effect of three cationic salt solutions on the swelling capability has the following order: NaCl < CaCl2 < FeCl3. Here, it is worthy to point out that the water absorbency and swelling behaviours of the developed composite were improved by introducing simultaneously Ca-MMT and SH into PAA-AM network in comparison with that of incorporated single with Ca-MMT or SH.

Ceramic Coatings of Magnesium Alloy for Biomaterial Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 434-435 ◽  
pp. 634-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pu Liang Zhang ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Yong Wei Tao ◽  
Sheng Rong Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fluid ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrodeposition Technique ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Arc Oxidation ◽  
Porous Oxide

Ceramic coatings were produced on magnesium (Mg) alloy of AZ91D for biomaterial applications by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and electrodeposition methods. The morphology, microstructure, phase composition and corrosion properties of the prepared coatings were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and potentiodynamic polarization tester, etc. The results indicated that a porous oxide layer was grown on the Mg alloy sheets after MAO process and the compositions of oxides were mainly Mg2SiO4 and MgO. After further electrodeposition and alkaline treatment, a flake-like structure diverging from centre to periphery was grown on the MAO coating and the coating was mainly made up of hydroxyapatite (HA). Moreover, the corrosion resistance of the Mg alloy after being treated with MAO and electrodeposition technique increases obviously, which was evaluated in stimulated body fluid (SBF).

scholarly journals Catalytic reduction of sulfuric acid to sulfur dioxide

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1817-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ancuţa Balla ◽  
Cristina Marcu ◽  
Damian Axente ◽  
Gheorghe Borodi ◽  
Diana Lazăr
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Good Efficiency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bet Method ◽  
Spent Catalysts

AbstractThe reduction of H2SO4 to SO2 occurs with a relatively good efficiency only at high temperatures, in the presence of catalysts. Some experimental results, regarding conversion of sulfuric acid (96 wt.%) to sulfur dioxide and oxygen, are reported. The reduction has been performed at 800 – 900°C and atmospheric pressure, in a tubular quartz reactor. The following commercial catalysts were tested: Pd/Al2O3 (5 wt.% and 0.5 wt.% Pd), Pt/Al2O3 (0.1 wt.% Pt) and α-Fe2O3. The fresh and spent catalysts were characterized by X-Ray diffraction and BET method. The highest catalytic activity was determined for 5 wt.% Pd/Al2O3, a conversion of 80% being obtained for 5 hours time on stream, at 9 mL h−1 flow rate of 96 wt.% H2SO4. A conversion of 64% was determined for 0.5 wt.% Pd/Al2O3 and 0.1 wt.% Pt/Al2O3. For α-Fe2O3, a less expensive catalyst, a conversion of 61% for about 60 hours was obtained.

scholarly journals Eightfold Electrophilic Methylation of Octacyanotungstate [W(CN)8]4−/3−: Preparation of Homoleptic, Eight-coordinate Methylisocyanide Complexes [W(CNMe)8]4+/5+

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Sellin ◽  
Susanne Margot Rupf ◽  
Ulrich Abram ◽  
Moritz Malischewski
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Single Crystal ◽  
Epr Spectroscopy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Liquid Sulfur ◽  
Methyl Fluoride ◽  
X Ray ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ir And Raman ◽  
Methyl Triflate

Homoleptic eight-fold coordinated methylisocyanide complexes of W(IV) and W(V) have been prepared for the first time. The reaction of [NBu4]4[W(CN)8] with methyl triflate MeOTf gives [W(CNMe)8][OTf]4. The even stronger methylating mixture of methyl fluoride MeF and arsenic pentafluoride AsF5 in liquid sulfur dioxide SO2 is able to fully alkylate both [NBu4]4[W(CN)8] and [NBu4]3[W(CN)8]. The paramagnetic octakis(methylisocyanide)- tungsten(V) [W(CNMe)8][AsF6]5 is thermally highly unstable above −30 °C. All compounds have been characterized via single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR and Raman, as well as NMR or EPR spectroscopy<br>

Hydroxyl Changing Mechanism of Cotton Cellulose during Alkaline Treatment Characterized by ATR-FTIR in Combination with Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Bolin Ji ◽  
Zijing Cai ◽  
Gang Sun ◽  
Kelu Yan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Spectroscopy ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Cotton Cellulose ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Naoh Solution

Hydroxyl changes of cotton cellulose treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution is closely related with hydrogen bonding (H-bonds) between different hydroxyls, which is difficult to directly measure by common instrumentational methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD) or Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2Dcos) is a powerful tool to analyze the changes of molecular spectroscopy. In this study, the alkaline- treated cotton cellulose was monitored in real time by attenuated total reflection (ATR) in combination with 2Dcos. Results indicated that the H-bonds changed in the following sequence order: ν(O3–H3...O5) (intramolecular) → ν(O6–H6...O3') (intermolecular) → ν(O2–H2...O6) (intramolecular). Moreover, Gaussian computational modeling analysis also confirmed this mechanism. Both XRD and FTIR results indicated the decrease of crystallinity of the alkaline-treated cotton cellulose over prolonged time.

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