scholarly journals Diabetes Cognitive Impairments and the Effect of Traditional Chinese Herbs

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohan Xu ◽  
Leilei Guo ◽  
Guoqing Tian
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Chinese Herbs ◽  
Vascular Risk ◽  
Insulin Deficiency ◽  
Chinese Herbal ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

The problem of cognitive impairment resulting from diabetes is gaining more acceptance and attention. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been proved to be associated with reduced performance on numerous domains of cognitive function. Although the exact mechanisms of cognitive impairments in diabetes have not been completely understood, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance seem to play significant roles. And other possible risk factors such as hypoglycemia, insulin deficiency, vascular risk factors, hyperactive HPA axis, depression, and altered neurotransmitters will also be examined. In the meanwhile, this review analyzed the role of the active ingredient of Chinese herbal medicine in the treatment of diabetes cognitive impairments.

The role of modifiable pre-pregnancy risk factors in preventing adverse fetal outcomes among women with type 1 and type 2 diabetes

2009 ◽  
Vol 88 (10) ◽  
pp. 1153-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie E. Inkster ◽  
Tom P. Fahey ◽  
Peter T. Donnan ◽  
Graham P. Leese ◽  
Gary J. Mires ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fetal Outcomes ◽  
Pregnancy Risk

Insights into the Role of DNA Methylation and Protein Misfolding in Diabetes Mellitus

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 744-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara M. Ahmed ◽  
Dina Johar ◽  
Mohamed Medhat Ali ◽  
Nagwa El-Badri
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Protein Function ◽  
Protein Misfolding ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Metabolic Memory ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that is characterized by impaired glucose tolerance resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Epigenetic modifications, which are defined as inherited changes in gene expression that occur without changes in gene sequence, are involved in the etiology of diabetes. Methods: In this review, we focused on the role of DNA methylation and protein misfolding and their contribution to the development of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: Changes in DNA methylation in particular are highly associated with the development of diabetes. Protein function is dependent on their proper folding in the endoplasmic reticulum. Defective protein folding and consequently their functions have also been reported to play a role. Early treatment of diabetes has proven to be of great benefit, as even transient hyperglycemia may lead to pathological effects and complications later on. This has been explained by the theory of the development of a metabolic memory in diabetes. The basis for this metabolic memory was attributed to oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, non-enzymatic glycation of proteins and importantly, epigenetic changes. This highlights the importance of linking new therapeutics targeting epigenetic mechanisms with traditional antidiabetic drugs. Conclusion: Although new data is evolving on the relation between DNA methylation, protein misfolding, and the etiology of diabetes, more studies are required for developing new relevant diagnostics and therapeutics.

scholarly journals Gastrin Treatment Stimulates β-Cell Regeneration and Improves Glucose Tolerance in 95% Pancreatectomized Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 152 (7) ◽  
pp. 2580-2588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noèlia Téllez ◽  
Géraldine Joanny ◽  
Jéssica Escoriza ◽  
Marina Vilaseca ◽  
Eduard Montanya
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Cell Regeneration ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Ductal Cells ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

β-Cell mass reduction is a central aspect in the development of type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and substitution or regeneration of the lost β-cells is a potentially curative treatment of diabetes. To study the effects of gastrin on β-cell mass in rats with 95% pancreatectomy (95%-Px), a model of pancreatic regeneration, rats underwent 95% Px or sham Px and were treated with [15 leu] gastrin-17 (Px+G and S+G) or vehicle (Px+V and S+V) for 15 d. In 95% Px rats, gastrin treatment reduced hyperglycemia (280 ± 52 mg vs. 436 ± 51 mg/dl, P < 0.05), and increased β-cell mass (1.15 ± 0.15 mg)) compared with vehicle-treated rats (0.67 ± 0.15 mg, P < 0.05). Gastrin treatment induced β-cell regeneration by enhancing β-cell neogenesis (increased number of extraislet β-cells in Px+G: 0.42 ± 0.05 cells/mm2vs. Px+V: 0.27 ± 0.07 cells/mm2, P < 0.05, and pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 expression in ductal cells of Px+G: 1.21 ± 0.38% vs. Px+V: 0.23 ± 0.10%, P < 0.05) and replication (Px+G: 1.65 ± 0.26% vs. S+V: 0.64 ± 0.14%; P < 0.05). In addition, reduced β-cell apoptosis contributed to the increased β-cell mass in gastrin-treated rats (Px+G: 0.07 ± 0.02%, Px+V: 0.23 ± 0.05%; P < 0.05). Gastrin action on β-cell regeneration and survival increased β-cell mass and improved glucose tolerance in 95% Px rats, supporting a potential role of gastrin in the treatment of diabetes.

scholarly journals HPTLC Fingerprint Profile and Identification of Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Leads from Bauhinia rufescens L

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Wadah Osman ◽  
Mona S Mohammed ◽  
Hassan S Khalid ◽  
Abdelkhalig Muddathir ◽  
Shaza W. Shantier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Diabetes is one of the world’s major health problems, and many reports have supported the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The present study aims to evaluate the antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Bauhinia rufescens, a plant used in Sudanese folkloric medicine for the treatment of diabetes. It was also aimed to identify isolates and characterize the bioactive antidiabetic and antioxidant compounds using bioactivity-guided fractionation followed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) autobiography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Two potential compounds were successfully isolated and identified which may provide new leads for more potent analogues in drug discovery.

scholarly journals A cross sectional study to compare cardiac structure and diastolic function in adolescents and young adults with youth-onset type 1 and type 2 diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy S. Shah ◽  
Scott Isom ◽  
Dana Dabelea ◽  
Ralph D’Agostino ◽  
Lawrence M. Dolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diastolic Function ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Youth Study ◽  
Hispanic White ◽  
Diabetes In Youth

Abstract Aims To compare left ventricular structure (LV) and diastolic function in young adults with youth- onset diabetes by type, determine the prevalence of abnormal diastolic function by diabetes type using published values from age similar healthy controls, and examine the risk factors associated with diastolic function. Methods In a cross sectional analysis we compared LV structure and diastolic function from two dimensional echocardiogram in participants with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) who participated in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Linear models were used to examine the risk factors associated with worse diastolic function. Results Of 479 participants studied, 258 had T1D (mean age 21.2 ± 5.2 years, 60.5% non-Hispanic white, 53.9% female) and 221 had T2D (mean age 24.8 ± 4.3 years, 24.4% non-Hispanic white, 73.8% female). Median diabetes duration was 11.6 years. Participants with T2D had greater LV mass index and worse diastolic function that persisted after adjustment for differences in risk factors compared with participants with T1D (all p < 0.05). Abnormal diastolic function, quantified using healthy controls, was pronounced in both groups but greater in those with T2D than T1D (T2D: 57.7% vs T1D: 47.2%, respectively), p < 0.05. Risk factors associated with worse diastolic function included older age at diabetes diagnosis, female sex, higher BP, heart rate and HbA1c and longer diabetes duration. Conclusions LV structure and diastolic function is worse in individuals with T2D compared to T1D. However, abnormal diastolic function in seen in both groups compared to published values from age similar healthy controls.

scholarly journals Role of Oral Antioxidant Supplementation in the Current Management of Diabetic Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4020
Author(s):  
Enrique Antonio Alfonso-Muñoz ◽  
Raquel Burggraaf-Sánchez de las Matas ◽  
Jorge Mataix Boronat ◽  
Julio César Molina Martín ◽  
Carmen Desco
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Macular Oedema ◽  
Complementary Therapy ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Current Management ◽  
Adult Type ◽  
Aged People

Oxidative stress has been postulated as an underlying pathophysiologic mechanism of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the main cause of avoidable blindness in working-aged people. This review addressed the current daily clinical practice of DR and the role of antioxidants in this practice. A systematic review of the studies on antioxidant supplementation in DR patients was presented. Fifteen studies accomplished the inclusion criteria. The analysis of these studies concluded that antioxidant supplementation has a IIB level of recommendation in adult Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects without retinopathy or mild-to-moderate nonproliferative DR without diabetic macular oedema as a complementary therapy together with standard medical care.

scholarly journals EXPRESS: Pulmonary Hypertension Associated With Neurofibromatosis Type 2

2021 ◽  
pp. 204589402110295
Author(s):  
Hirohisa Taniguchi ◽  
Tomoya Takashima ◽  
Ly Tu ◽  
Raphaël Thuillet ◽  
Asuka Furukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
First Time

Although precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare but severe complication of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), its association with NF2 remains unknown. Herein, we report a case of a 44-year-old woman who was initially diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) and treated with PAH-specific combination therapy. However, a careful assessment for a relevant family history of the disease and genetic testing reveal that this patient had a mutation in the NF2 gene. Using immunofluorescence and Western blotting, we demonstrated a decrease in endothelial NF2 protein in lungs from IPAH patients compared to control lungs, suggesting a potential role of NF2 in PAH development. To our knowledge, this is the first time that precapillary PH has been described in a patient with NF2. The altered endothelial NF2 expression pattern in PAH lungs should stimulate work to better understand how NF2 is contributing to the pulmonary vascular remodeling associated to these severe life-threatening conditions.

Role of vitamin D in risk factors of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Zhang ◽  
Yucheng Wu ◽  
Yu Lu ◽  
Xiaoqiang Fei
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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