Lifetime Paid Work and Mental Health Problems among Poor Urban 9-to-13-Year-Old Children in Brazil

Objective. To verify if emotional/behavioral problems are associated with lifetime paid work in poor urban children, when taking into account other potential correlates.Methods. Cross-sectional study focused on 9-to-13-year-old children (n=212). In a probabilistic sample of clusters of eligible households (women 15–49 years and son/daughter<18 years), one mother-child pair was randomly selected per household (n=813; response rate = 82.4%). CBCL/6-18 identified child emotional/behavioral problems. Potential correlates include child gender and age, socioeconomic status/SES, maternal education, parental working status, and family social isolation, among others. Multivariate analysis examined the relationship between emotional/behavioral problems and lifetime paid work in the presence of significant correlates.Findings. All work activities were non-harmful (e.g., selling fruits, helping parents at their small business, and baby sitting). Children with lower SES and socially isolated were more involved in paid work than less disadvantaged peers. Children ever exposed to paid work were four times more likely to present anxiety/depression symptoms at a clinical level compared to non-exposed children. Multivariate modeling identified three independent correlates: child pure internalizing problems, social isolation, and low SES.Conclusion. There is an association between lifetime exposure to exclusively non-harmful paid work activities and pure internalizing problems even when considering SES variability and family social isolation.

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Sexual victimization, PTSD, depression, and social support among women survivors of the 2010 earthquake in Haiti: a moderated moderation model

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291719002757 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (15) ◽

pp. 2587-2598 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jude Mary Cénat ◽

Kevin Smith ◽

Catherine Morse ◽

Daniel Derivois

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Sexual Assault ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Received Social Support ◽

Moderation Model ◽

Peritraumatic Distress

AbstractBackgroundIn 2010, an important earthquake devastated Haiti and caused thousands of deaths. In a social context where women are particularly vulnerable, this cross-sectional study examined the associations between sexual assaults experienced by women before the earthquake, the earthquake exposure, the traumatic consequences, and their satisfaction of social support received.MethodsA total of 660 women aged 18 to 86 completed questionnaires assessing exposure to the earthquake, sexual assault victimization, peritraumatic distress, Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and social support. A moderated moderation model was computed to examine associations between exposure to the earthquake, sexual assault, social support, and traumatic consequences.ResultsResults showed that 31.06% of women were victims of sexual assault before the earthquake. They presented higher prevalence of peritraumatic distress, PTSD, and depression symptoms, compared to non-victims. The moderated-moderation model showed that sexual assault and exposure to the earthquake were positively associated with traumatic consequences (respectively, B = 0.560, p < 0.001; B = 0.196, p < 0.001), while social support was negatively associated with them (B = −0.095, p < 0.05). Results showed a triple interaction: women victim of sexual assault who were satisfied with received social support are less likely to develop traumatic consequences after being exposed to the earthquake(B = −0.141, p < 0.01).ConclusionsBy demonstrating the role of sexual assault in the development of mental health problems after the Haitian earthquake, this study shows the importance for clinicians to investigate interpersonal trauma experienced before or following natural disasters among survivors. Results also indicate the key role of family and communities to help survivors build resilience and coping strategies with their social support.

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Behavioral and emotional problems in school children: teachers and parents perspective

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20190588 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 1074

Author(s):

Monika S. Masare ◽

Priti J. Patale ◽

Seema S. Bansode–Gokhe

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

School Children ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Response Rate ◽

Emotional Problems ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Behavioral And Emotional Problems ◽

Teachers And Parents

Background: The present research was carried out with an objective to study the behavioral problems and emotional problems of school children as perceived by their parents and teachers.Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted on parents and teachers of 304 secondary school children of a metropolitan city. A pre formed semi structured questionnaire was used to assess the socio-demographic profile of the students. Parents and teachers rated Strength and difficulties questionnaire was used to assess their child’s /students behavioral and emotional problems as perceived by their parents & teachers. The analysis was done using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software.Results: Regarding the perception of teachers and parents it was found that parents were not much concerned as the response rate for parent reported SDQ was only 64.8% and response rate among teachers was 100%. Out of 304 study subjects, 22 (7.2%) were having borderline total difficulties on teachers reported total difficulty scale of SDQ and 11 (3.6%) were reported to be abnormal. Parent reported SDQ showed that out of 197 parents, who filled the SDQ, 24 (7.9%) study subjects were having borderline total difficulties, while 33 (10.9%) were found to be abnormal on SDQ scale.Conclusions: Parents, child-care givers, teachers and health care professionals if made aware of symptoms of mental health problems in their children’s, we can restore their mental health conditions in time.

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The Influence of Illness Perception, Anxiety and Depression Disorders on Students Mental Health during COVID-19 Outbreak in Pakistan: A Web-Based Cross-Sectional Survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-30128/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Aqeel ◽

Kanwar Hamza Shuja ◽

Jaffar Abbas ◽

Tasnim Rehna ◽

Arash Ziapour

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Illness Perception ◽

Well Being ◽

Health Problems ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Depression Disorders

Abstract Background: Since the emergence of a coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) in December 2019, the whole world is in a state of chaos. Isolation strategy with quarantine is a useful model in controlling transmission and rapid spread. As a result, people remained at homes and disrupted their outside daily activities. It led to the closure of educational institutes, which is a source of many students to cope with numerous personal and familial issues. This study focuses on exploring the relationships and potential mediational pathways between mental health problems, illness perception, anxiety, and depression disorders.Method: The study incorporated snowball sampling techniques through a cross-sectional, web-based survey and recruited 500 students from different public and private universities from twin cities, Rawalpindi, and Islamabad from March 23 to April 15, 2020, during the coronavirus outbreak lockdown. The study used four instruments, Beck Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire, and The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale for assessing depression, anxiety, illness perception, and mental health disorders.Results: The findings indicated normal (43.2%) mild (20.5%), moderate (13.6%), and severe (22.7%) level of anxiety prevalence in students. Results specified a normal (65.9%), mild (9.10%), moderate (9.12%), and severe (15.90%) depression prevalence, and findings stipulated that anxiety disorder prevalence was higher than the depression disorder. The correlational results specified a negative and significant relationship between mental health, illness perception, anxiety, and depression symptoms. The multiple regression analysis stated that anxiety and depression disorders mediated the relationship between mental health and present illness perception. The perception of illness exhibited a relation to depression and anxiety disorders.Conclusion: The study proposed a model to address mental health problems during the lockdown. The (2019-nCoV) illness perception developed mental disorders, including anxiety and depression, which has declined individuals' mental health. There is an urgent need for ongoing clinical examination and management to address psychological disorders, and findings suggest assessing mental health to combatting the pandemic worldwide. Findings recommend developing strategies to promote mental healthcare facilities during COVID-19 wide-ranging disasters. These results highlight the impending importance of devising strategies to treat mental health problems.

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Alexithymia in autism: cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with social-communication difficulties, anxiety and depression symptoms

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291720003244 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Bethany F. M. Oakley ◽

Emily J. H. Jones ◽

Daisy Crawley ◽

Tony Charman ◽

Jan Buitelaar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Communication ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Emotional Awareness ◽

Individual Variability ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Psychological Therapies ◽

Communication Difficulties ◽

Longitudinal Associations

Abstract Background Alexithymia (difficulties in identifying and describing emotion) is a transdiagnostic trait implicated in social–emotional and mental health problems in the general population. Many autistic individuals experience significant social-communication difficulties and elevated anxiety/depression and alexithymia. Nevertheless, the role of alexithymia in explaining individual variability in the quality/severity of social-communication difficulties and/or anxiety and depression symptoms in autism remains poorly understood. Methods In total, 337 adolescents and adults (autism N = 179) were assessed for alexithymia on the Toronto Alexithymia Scale and for social-communication difficulties, anxiety and depression symptoms. A total of 135 individuals (autism N = 76) were followed up 12–24 months later. We used regression models to establish cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between alexithymia, social-communication difficulties, anxiety and depression symptoms. Results Autistic individuals reported significantly higher alexithymia than comparison individuals (p < 0.001, r effect size = 0.48), with 47.3% of autistic females and 21.0% of autistic males meeting cut-off for clinically relevant alexithymia (score ⩾61). Difficulties in describing feelings were particularly associated with current self-reported social-communication difficulties [p < 0.001, β = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44–0.67] and predicted later social-communication difficulties (p = 0.02, β = 0.43, 95% CI 0.07–0.82). Difficulties in identifying feelings were particularly associated with current anxiety symptom severity (p < 0.001, β = 0.54, 95% CI 0.41–0.77) and predicted later anxiety (p = 0.01; β = 0.31, 95% CI 0.08–0.62). Conclusions Our findings suggest that difficulties in identifying v. describing emotion are associated with differential clinical outcomes in autism. Psychological therapies targeting emotional awareness may improve social-communication and anxiety symptoms in autism, potentially conferring long-term benefits.

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Chronic kidney disease and emotional-behavioral disorders in adolescents

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi59.6.2019.325-30 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 325-30

Author(s):

Benny Sugiarto ◽

Meita Dhamayanti ◽

Dedi Rachmadi Sambas

Keyword(s):

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Behavioral Disorders ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Pediatric Nephrology ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Psychosocial Adaptation ◽

Emotional Behavioral Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional

Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by progressive renal injury with inevitable functional deterioration. This functional loss is usually slow, progressive, and irreversible. Chronic kidney disease profoundly influences the daily routines of pediatric patients and their families, requiring significant psychosocial adaptation by both patients and families. Objective To assess for potential associations between CKD and emotional/behavioral disorders in adolescents. Methods This cross-sectional study was done at the Pediatric Nephrology Outpatient Department, Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, West Java. The consecutive sampling included all patients who fulfilled the following criteria: (1) aged 10-18 years, (2) diagnosed with CKD at least 3 months prior to the study, and (3) whose parents provided informed consent. The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) was used to assess emotional/behavioral disorders. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected from medical records and interviews with parents. Chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were used in the statistical analyses. Results A total of 75 subjects with CKD participated in the study. The majority of the subjects were female (53%) and <14 years old (55%). Emotional/behavioral disorders were found in 24 subjects (32%). There were no significant correlations between age, gender, paternal and maternal education level, duration of illness, or treatment with emotional/behavioral problems. However, later stage of CKD was significantly associated with prosocial problems, based on the SDQ assessment. Conclusion Late stage CKD is significantly associated with prosocial problems of the SDQ scales.

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The influence of illness perception, anxiety and depression disorders on students mental health during COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan: a Web-based cross-sectional survey

International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare ◽

10.1108/ijhrh-10-2020-0095 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Muhammad Aqeel ◽

Jaffar Abbas ◽

Kanwar Hamza Shuja ◽

Tasnim Rehna ◽

Arash Ziapour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Illness Perception ◽

Health Problems ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Content Type ◽

Depression Disorders

Purpose Since the emergence of a coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) in December 2019, the whole world is in a state of chaos. Isolation strategy with quarantine is a useful model in controlling transmission and rapid spread. As a result, people remained at home and disrupted their outside daily activities. It led to the closure of educational institutes, which is a source of many students to cope with numerous personal and familial issues. This study aims to focus on exploring the relationships and potential mediational pathways between mental health problems, illness perception, anxiety and depression disorders. Design/methodology/approach The study incorporated snowball sampling techniques through a cross-sectional, Web-based survey and recruited 500 students from different universities of twin cities, Rawalpindi and Islamabad from March 23 to April 15, 2020, during the coronavirus outbreak lockdown. The study used four instruments, Beck Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire and The Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale for assessing depression, anxiety, illness perception and mental health disorders. Findings The findings indicated normal (43.2%), mild (20.5%), moderate (13.6%) and severe (22.7%) levels of anxiety prevalence in students. Results specified a normal (65.9%), mild (9.10%), moderate (9.12%) and severe (15.90%) depression prevalence and findings stipulated that anxiety disorder prevalence was higher than depression disorder. The correlational results specified a negative and significant relationship between mental health, illness perception, anxiety and depression symptoms. The multiple regression analysis stated that anxiety and depression disorders mediated the relationship between mental health and present illness perception. The perception of illness exhibited a relation to depression and anxiety disorders. Originality/value The study proposed a model to address mental health problems during the lockdown. The (2019-nCoV) illness perception developed mental disorders, including anxiety and depression, which has declined individuals’ mental health. There is an urgent need for ongoing clinical examination and management to address psychological disorders and findings suggest assessing mental health to combatting the pandemic worldwide. Findings recommend developing strategies to promote mental health-care facilities during COVID-19 wide-ranging disasters. These results highlight the impending importance of devising strategies to treat mental health problems.

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Positive Mental Imagery and Mental Health amongst University Students in Pakistan

10.31234/osf.io/q26da ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Akhtar Bibi ◽

Simon Edward Blackwell ◽

Jürgen Margraf

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

University Students ◽

Mental Imagery ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Health Problems ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Health Related ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Cultural Pressures

Objective: Mental health problems amongst university students pose a major public health challenge, and is particularly the case in Pakistan. Alongside broader societal and cultural pressures, cognitive factors likely also play a role in the development of and resilience to mental health problems and may provide a feasible target for interventions. The current study built on previous research in primarily European samples investigating the relationship between one cognitive factor, positive future-oriented mental imagery, and mental health, and aimed to extending this to university students in Pakistan.Method: The study used a cross-sectional design, with a sample of university students in Pakistan (N = 1838) completing measures of mental imagery and mental health either on paper (N = 1430) or online (N = 408). Results: Higher vividness of positive future-oriented mental imagery was associated with lower levels of depression symptoms and higher levels of positive mental health. In the sample completing the measures on paper, these relationships remained statistically significant even when controlling for socio-demographic and mental health-related variables. Conclusion: The results provide a foundation for further investigating positive mental imagery as a potential mechanism of mental health and intervention target amongst university students in Pakistan.

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The acceptability and feasibility of an online pathway for depression treatment via decision support: a cross-sectional survey. (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.19214 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Paul J Barr ◽

Michelle D Dannenberg ◽

Shama S Alam ◽

Karen L Fortuna ◽

Theresa Nguyen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Decision Support ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Depression Screening ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Access To Treatment ◽

Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND Individuals often turn to the internet seeking answers to their mental health problems. In 2014, Mental Health America (MHA) began the online program MHA Screening, including the PHQ-9, and since then has collected data from nearly 2.5 million people. Among those who complete a depression screening online, 83% report moderate to severe depression. Despite a range of evidence-based treatments for depression, 60% of these individuals do not seek care. A lack of both knowledge of and access to treatment are major barriers to help-seeking. Decision aids (DAs) are tools that can increase treatment knowledge, yet it is unclear if individuals with depression symptoms would use such a tool online. OBJECTIVE The objective of this project was to determine the views of individuals with depression toward an online DA for depression, and to determine the characteristics those most likely to review a DA and are willing to seek care online. METHODS MHA offers web-based depression screening using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). For this pilot, MHA made a link to a depression DA available to all individuals completing PHQ-9 screening from October – November 2017. The DA consisted of information on frequently asked questions pertaining to three treatment approaches: watchful waiting, talk therapy and antidepressants. Respondents viewing the DA could complete a short survey assessing the perceived helpfulness of the DA, and whether they would be “willing to consult a doctor online” about symptoms. Descriptive statistics were calculated, while a multiple logistic regression model identified characteristics associated with viewing the DA. RESULTS Of 74,936 PHQ-9 screens completed, 599 (8%) proceeded to review the depression DA; 92% of these respondents screened positive for moderate to severe depression and 86% had never sought prior treatment. Of the 599, 527 (88%) completed the DA survey: 46% found the DA to be helpful, 45% were unsure, while only 8% said the DA was not helpful. Higher levels of depression severity, female sex and older age were associated with increased likelihood of viewing the DA, while higher income levels and Black/African Americans were less likely to view the DA. A majority of respondents (72%) stated they would be willing to discuss their symptoms with a doctor online. CONCLUSIONS Screening for depression and providing DA outside of traditional settings is viewed positively and holds significant potential for those seeking care online. This knowledge is timely given the rising interest in the use online therapies, and the detrimental impact on psychological health of social isolation measures in response to the Coronavirus pandemic. Future work will determine the best placement of such decision support tools to maximize DA access, and assess the potential for an online pathway to treatment facilitated by screening and decision support.

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Psychiatric Symptoms and Parental Stress in Children and Adolescents With Epilepsy

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.778410 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Francesca Felicia Operto ◽

Grazia Maria Giovanna Pastorino ◽

Federica Pippa ◽

Chiara Padovano ◽

Valentina Vivenzio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Internalizing Problems ◽

Parental Stress ◽

Externalizing Problems ◽

Child Behavior Checklist ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Psychiatric Symptoms ◽

Behavioral Symptoms ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Total Stress

Introduction: The aim of this study was to identify the presence of emotional and behavioral symptoms in children and adolescents with epilepsy, to measure the stress levels in their parents, and to determine if and how parental stress was linked to emotional and behavioral symptoms of their children.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional observational study including 103 children and adolescents with different form of epilepsy and 93 sex-/age-matched controls. Parental stress and emotional and behavioral symptoms were assessed through two standardized questionnaires: the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), respectively. We also considered the following variables: age, sex, maternal education level, family history of psychiatric disorders, duration of epilepsy, seizure frequency, seizure type, and number of antiseizure medications.Results: The statistical comparison showed that the epilepsy group obtained significantly higher scores than controls in almost all the CBCL and the PSI scales (p < 0.05). The correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between the PSI Total Stress scale and the following CBCL scales: total problems, internalizing problems, and externalizing problems (p < 0.05). An earlier age of seizure onset was related to a greater presence of externalizing problems, total problems, and total stress (p < 0.05).Conclusion: In the epilepsy group, we found higher levels of parental stress and higher presence of emotional and behavioral symptoms compared to controls, mainly represented by internalizing problems (anxiety and depression symptoms). Therefore, it is important to precociously detect these symptoms and monitor them over time, in order to prevent psychiatric problems. In addition, parents of children with epilepsy should be offered psychological support to cope with parental stress and to improve the relationship with their children.

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Functioning status of adult children of depressed parents: a 23-year follow-up

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291707002073 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 343-353 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

C. Timko ◽

R. C. Cronkite ◽

R. Swindle ◽

R. L. Robinson ◽

P. Turrubiartes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Functioning ◽

Physical Functioning ◽

Behavioral Problems ◽

Mental Health Problems ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Adult Offspring ◽

And Coping ◽

And Control ◽

Depressed Parents ◽

Course Of Depression

BackgroundWe compared adult offspring of depressed or control parents who were followed for 23 years. Comparisons were on depression symptoms, physical functioning and disability, social functioning, and utilization of help and coping. Also examined was whether the parent's course of depression (stably remitted, partially remitted, non-remitted) was associated with offspring functioning.MethodDepressed parents successfully followed at 23 years (n=248, 82%) identified 215 adult offspring; 67% returned questionnaires. Matched control parents successfully followed (n=235, 79%) identified 261 adult offspring; 68% completed questionnaires.ResultsAdult offspring of depressed parents were more impaired than adult offspring of controls (with gender and education controlled) in the domains of depression and disability, and obtained more help for mental health problems. They also reported more severe recent stressors and relied more on active cognitive coping and seeking alternative rewards to cope. Adult offspring of depressed and control parents were comparable in a number of domains: psychiatric and behavioral problems other than depression, physical functioning and pain, social functioning, and hospitalizations and medication use for depression. Adult offspring of parents with a non-remitted course of depression were the most likely to show impaired functioning compared with controls.ConclusionsHaving a parent with depression is associated with more depression and disability in adulthood, but does not have debilitating effects in other life domains. Nonetheless, it may be important for offspring of depressed parents, particularly offspring of parents with a non-remitting depression course, to recognize their elevated risk of depression and potential need for help.

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