scholarly journals Punishment Effect of Prisoner Dilemma Game Based on a New Evolution Strategy Rule

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dehui Sun ◽  
Xiaoliang Kou
Keyword(s):  
Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
External Factor ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Evolution Strategy ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Evolution Game ◽  
Stability Of Structure ◽  
Cooperation Structure

We discuss the effect of the punishment in the prisoner’s dilemma game. We propose a new evolution strategy rule which can reflect the external factor for both players in the evolution game. In general, if the punishment exists, the D (defection-defection) structure (i.e., both of the two players choose D-D strategy) which is the Nash equilibrium for the game can keep stable and never let the cooperation emerge. However, if a new evolution strategy rule is adopted, we can find that the D-D structure can not keep stable and it will decrease during the game from the simulations. In fact, the punishment mainly affects the C-D (cooperation-defection) structure in the network. After the fraction of the C-D structure achieved some levels, the punishment can keep the C-D structure stable and prevent it from transforming into C-C (cooperation-cooperation) structure. Moreover, in light of the stability of structure and the payoff of the individual gains, it can be found that the probability which is related to the payoff can affect the result of the evolution game.

To Help or To Harm? Assessing the Impact of Envy on Prosocial and Antisocial Behaviors

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1156-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria C. Behler ◽  
Catherine S. J. Wall ◽  
Adriana Bos ◽  
Jeffrey D. Green
Keyword(s):  
Antisocial Behavior ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Antisocial Behaviors ◽  
Neutral State ◽  
Harmful Behavior ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Two studies examined how envy influences prosocial and antisocial behavior. In Experiment 1, participants in an envious state (relative to a neutral state) were less helpful: They picked up fewer dropped pencils in their immediate vicinity. We expanded upon these findings by examining how envy affected both helping and harming behavior in a competitive scenario. In Experiment 2, individuals in envious or neutral states assigned puzzle tasks to another student in a prisoner’s dilemma style scenario. Prosocial and antisocial behaviors were assessed via the difficulty of the assigned puzzles (easy puzzles were considered helpful and difficult puzzles were harmful). We hypothesized that experiencing envy would result in greater motive to harm as well as greater likelihood of engaging in harmful behavior. The hypothesis was supported, suggesting that envy has detrimental ramifications that go beyond the individual and extend to interpersonal relationships.

Lesser Antilles Lines: The Island of San Huberto (A)

2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
James V. Gelly ◽  
Phillip E. Pfeifer
Keyword(s):  
Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Equilibrium Price ◽  
Lesser Antilles ◽  
Caribbean Island ◽  
Price Leadership ◽  
Price War

In this case, the situation is a classic duopoly. Two shipping firms are in a price war over the market for containerized shipping to and from a small Caribbean island. The case presents a table of contributions to both firms as a function of their prices. This table serves as a basis by which the class can explore the concepts of Nash equilibrium, price leadership, and prisoner’s dilemma. It is also available with the case as a student spreadsheet (QA-0355X). See also “Lesser Antilles Lines (B)” (UVA-QA-0641) and “Lesser Antilles Lines (C)” (UVA-QA-0670).

scholarly journals The excuse principle can maintain cooperation through forgivable defection in the Prisoner's Dilemma game

2013 ◽  
Vol 280 (1766) ◽  
pp. 20131475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrikis Krams ◽  
Hanna Kokko ◽  
Jolanta Vrublevska ◽  
Mikus Āboliņš-Ābols ◽  
Tatjana Krama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma Game ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma Game ◽  
Tit For Tat ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Term Benefit ◽  
Behavioural Strategies

Reciprocal altruism describes a situation in which an organism acts in a manner that temporarily reduces its fitness while increasing another organism's fitness, but there is an ultimate fitness benefit based on an expectation that the other organism will act in a similar manner at a later time. It creates the obvious dilemma in which there is always a short-term benefit to cheating, therefore cooperating individuals must avoid being exploited by non-cooperating cheaters. This is achieved by following various decision rules, usually variants of the tit-for-tat (TFT) strategy. The strength of TFT, however, is also its weakness—mistakes in implementation or interpretation of moves, or the inability to cooperate, lead to a permanent breakdown in cooperation. We show that pied flycatchers ( Ficedula hypoleuca ) use a TFT with an embedded ‘excuse principle’ to forgive the neighbours that were perceived as unable to cooperate during mobbing of predators. The excuse principle dramatically increases the stability of TFT-like behavioural strategies within the Prisoner's Dilemma game.

scholarly journals Punishment and Feedback Mechanism for the Evolution Game on Small-World Network Based on Varying Topology

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Yuntao Shi ◽  
Bo Liu ◽  
Xiaoliang Kou ◽  
Xiao Han
Keyword(s):  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Small World ◽  
Feedback Mechanism ◽  
Small World Network ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma Game ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma Game ◽  
Updating Rule ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Evolution Game

We address the problem of the punishment and feedback mechanism for the evolution game on small-world network with varying topology. Based on the strategy updating rule, we propose a new punishment and feedback mechanism; that is, all the individuals of the network will play ann-round Prisoner’s Dilemma Game firstly and then, for the most defectors, their neighbors will punish them and break the connecting link with them and set up the new connecting link for themselves. The mechanism can make the degree of the whole network decrease. We find that the mechanism can help keep the cooperators surviving and make them avoid being wiped out by the defectors. With the mechanism being adopted, the number ofn-round Prisoner’s Dilemma Game (PDG) almost has no effect on the evolution game. Furthermore, the probability of the average connectingkand the scale of the network is related to the result of the evolution game.

Universalizing and the we: endogenous game theoretic deontology

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Paul Studtmann ◽  
Shyam Gouri Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pareto Improvement ◽  
Moral Framework ◽  
Interacting Agents ◽  
Game Theoretic

Abstract The Nash counterfactual considers the question: what would happen were I to change my behaviour assuming no one else does. By contrast, the Kantian counterfactual considers the question: what would happen were everyone to deviate from some behaviour. We present a model that endogenizes the decision to engage in this type of Kantian reasoning. Autonomous agents using this moral framework receive psychic payoffs equivalent to the cooperate-cooperate payoff in Prisoner’s Dilemma regardless of the other player’s action. Moreover, if both interacting agents play Prisoner’s Dilemma using this moral framework, their material outcomes are a Pareto improvement over the Nash equilibrium.

scholarly journals Dynamics, morphogenesis and convergence of evolutionary quantum Prisoner's Dilemma games on networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 472 (2186) ◽  
pp. 20150280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angsheng Li ◽  
Xi Yong
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Natural Extension ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Evolutionary Games ◽  
Many Body ◽  
The Many ◽  
First Time

The authors proposed a quantum Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) game as a natural extension of the classic PD game to resolve the dilemma. Here, we establish a new Nash equilibrium principle of the game, propose the notion of convergence and discover the convergence and phase-transition phenomena of the evolutionary games on networks. We investigate the many-body extension of the game or evolutionary games in networks. For homogeneous networks, we show that entanglement guarantees a quick convergence of super cooperation, that there is a phase transition from the convergence of defection to the convergence of super cooperation, and that the threshold for the phase transitions is principally determined by the Nash equilibrium principle of the game, with an accompanying perturbation by the variations of structures of networks. For heterogeneous networks, we show that the equilibrium frequencies of super-cooperators are divergent, that entanglement guarantees emergence of super-cooperation and that there is a phase transition of the emergence with the threshold determined by the Nash equilibrium principle, accompanied by a perturbation by the variations of structures of networks. Our results explore systematically, for the first time, the dynamics, morphogenesis and convergence of evolutionary games in interacting and competing systems.

scholarly journals Strong and Safe Nash Equilibrium in Some Repeated 3-Player Games

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Kufel ◽  
Sławomir Plaskacz ◽  
Joanna Zwierzchowska
Keyword(s):  
Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Normal Form ◽  
Prisoner's Dilemma ◽  
Prisoner’S Dilemma ◽  
Repeated Game ◽  
Equilibrium Payoff ◽  
Equilibrium Strategies ◽  
Strong Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Player Game ◽  
Stage Game

The paper examines an infinitely repeated 3-player extension of the Prisoner’s Dilemma game. We consider a 3-player game in the normal form with incomplete information, in which each player has two actions. We assume that the game is symmetric and repeated infinitely many times. At each stage, players make their choices knowing only the average payoffs from previous stages of all the players. A strategy of a player in the repeated game is a function defined on the convex hull of the set of payoffs. Our aim is to construct a strong Nash equilibrium in the repeated game, i.e. a strategy profile being resistant to deviations by coalitions. Constructed equilibrium strategies are safe, i.e. the non-deviating player payoff is not smaller than the equilibrium payoff in the stage game, and deviating players’ payoffs do not exceed the nondeviating player payoff more than by a positive constant which can be arbitrary small and chosen by the non-deviating player. Our construction is inspired by Smale’s good strategies described in Smale’s paper (1980), where the repeated Prisoner’s Dilemma was considered. In proofs we use arguments based on approachability and strong approachability type results.

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