scholarly journals Potential Cellulosic Ethanol Production from Organic Residues of Agro-Based Industries in Nepal

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ram Kailash P. Yadav ◽  
Arbindra Timilsina ◽  
Rupesh K. Yadawa ◽  
Chandra P. Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Organic Residues ◽  
Total Import ◽  
Beer Industry ◽  
Dry Biomass

With the objective of exploring the potential of bioethanol production from lignocellulosic wastes from major agro-based industries in Nepal, four types of major industries using raw materials from agriculture are selected as sources of lignocellulosic residues. They include a sugar industry, a paper industry, a tobacco industry, and a beer industry. Data from secondary/primary sources were used to record organic residues from these industries and estimates were made of potential production of bioethanol from them. About 494892.263 tons of dry bagasse could be produced if the total production of sugarcane in Nepal is taken to the sugar industry which means that about 138569.833 KL of bioethanol could be produced (in the year 2011/12). Similarly, the dry biomass residue produced from the paper mill is 86.668 ton/year that could produce 24.267 KL of bioethanol. The lignocellulosic residue from tobacco field in Nepal is approximately 18.826 ton/year that has potential to produce 5.836 KL of bioethanol. The dry biomass residue produced in beer industry amounts to 155.0596 ton/year that can yield about 63.5744 KL of bioethanol. It is estimated that about 57,841.3754 KL of bioethanol could be produced when these residues are fully utilized in producing bioethanol. If E10 is used in total import of petrol, about 20246.7 KL of bioethanol could be utilized, and the rest 37,594.6754 KL of bioethanol could be utilized for many other purposes.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENDAPATAN AGROINDUSTRI GULA KELAPA DI KECAMATAN TEMPULING KABUPATEN INDRAGIRI HILIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Dhany Wibowo ◽  
Evy Maharani ◽  
Eliza Eliza
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Processing Cost ◽  
Palm Sugar

<p align="justify"><strong><em>Abstract</em></strong><strong><em>: </em></strong><em>Indragiri Hilir districtis is one of the main coconut-producer districts with a total production of up to 359,397 tons in Riau Province. This study aims to analyze the profit of coconut sugar agro-industry producer. The study was conducted in Karya Tunas Jaya village, Tempuling sub-district, Indragiri Hilir district. This location was chosen due to this village has a lot of hybrid coconut plantations and which are still active in processing downstream coconut sugar industry. This research was conducted for 6 months. To answer the research objectives used income analysis and return to cost ratio. The results showed that to produce a coconut sugar had to go through a long process, starting from collecting raw materials to molding and cooling coconut sugar. The average total processing cost of coconut sugar producer </em><em>was</em><em> Rp. 3,960,040.86/month and coconut sugar agro-industry producer profit </em><em>was</em><em> Rp. 4,845,866.67. Furthermore, the R/C ratio index of palm sugar agro-industry producer was 1.23 with an average profit of Rp. 885,825.80.</em><em></em></p><p align="justify"> </p><p align="justify"><strong>Abstrak</strong><strong>: </strong>Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir termasuk kabupaten penghasil kelapa peringkat pertama dengan jumlah produksi mencapai 359.397 ton di Provinsi Riau (BPS Provinsi Riau, 2018). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keuntungan pengrajin agroindustri gula kelapa. Penelitian dilakukan di Kecamatan Tempuling Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir dan dipilih Desa Karya Tunas Jaya. Pemilihan lokasi ini dilakukan dengan sengaja dengan pertimbangan bahwa di lokasi ini merupakan desa yang banyak terdapat perkebunan kelapa hibrida dan yang masih aktif dalam pengolahan industri hilir gula kelapa. Penlitian ini dilakukan selama 6 bulan. Untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian digunakan analisis keuntungan dan efisiensis usaha agroindustri gula kelapa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan untuk menghasilkan gula kelapa harus melalui proses yang panjang, proses tersebut mulai dari pengumpulan bahan baku sampai pencetakan dan pendinginan gula kelapa. Rata-rata total biaya pengolahan pengrajin gula kelapa sebesar Rp. 3.960.040,86/bulan dan diperoleh keuntungan pengrajin agroindustri gula kelapa Rp. 4.845.866,67. Selanjutnya indeks rasio R/C pelaku usaha agroindustri gula kelapa  sebesar 1,23 dengan rata rata keuntungan sebesar Rp  885.825,80. </p>

Closing Paper Mill Whitewater Circuits by Inserting an Anaerobic Stage with Subsequent Treatment

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Huster ◽  
I. Demel ◽  
A. Geller
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Purification Plant ◽  
Specific Amount

In the past few years, the paper industry has been able significantly to reduce the specific amount of effluent it produces. It is considered that the standard now achieved is not susceptible of improvements without a loss of product quality. The problem substances imported with the raw materials will tend rather to increase the specific amount of effluent produced by paper mills that process waste paper, and it will only be possible to operate completely closed circuits in exceptional cases. Integrating a biological purification plant into the Whitewater circuit can help to solve this problem, which is specific to waste paper. Operating a purification plant in the half-stuff production sector makes it possible to achieve substantially lower quantities of specific effluent even in integrated paper mills if the water circuits for half-stuff production and for the papermachine are kept largely separate, and if the freshwater intake is effected via the papermachine's circuit. Possibilities of reducing the specific quantity of effluent produced in wood-free production processes are not discussed, since the use of biological plants in this sector appears problematic for a variety of reasons. The use of anaerobic technology - with appropriate subsequent treatment if necessary - appears suitable because of its favourable energy balance. The possibilities and limits of using anaerobic technology for treating highly concentrated effluents from paper mills are largely known. The use of this technology in the Whitewater circuits of paper mills is still in the planning stage. Simple model calculations can be used to estimate the effects of operating a purification plant on the equilibrium concentrations in the white-water circuit and to detect possible problems.

Treatment of Different Wastewaters from Pulp and Paper Industry in Methane Reactors

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
P K Latola
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Plastic Foam ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Removal Efficiencies

A wastewater from an integrated paper mill with a COD of 1200 mg/dm3 was anaerobically treated in a multi-stage reactor. The BOD7 removal efficiencies of 60-75 % were achieved at maximal loading rates of 5-6 kg COD/m3d and HRT of 4-6 hours due to the granular sludge. Industrial sulphite evaporator condensates from Ca- and Na-processes were treated in anaerobic filters containing light gravel, plastic foam and power plant slag as filter media. The BOD7 removals of 78 % on average were achieved at loading rates of 1.8-3.3 kg COD/m3d with Ca-process evaporator condensates and 80 % BOD7 removals were achieved with Na-process condensates at loading rates of 3.5-4.1 kg COD/m3d.

Industrial Ecology of the Paper Industry

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Tapio Pento
Keyword(s):  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Industrial Ecology ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Optimal Recovery ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Earth Systems ◽  
Controversial Area ◽  
Recycling Systems

Industrial ecology (IE) is a biological concept applied to industrial structures. The basic concepts of IE include regional, intra-firm and product-based waste recycling systems as well as the principle of upward and downward cascading. In best current examples of regional systems, several parties are in an industrial waste re-use symbiosis. Paper industry has learned to arrange the recovery and re-use of its products on distant markets, even up to a level where indications of exceeding optimal recovery and re-use rates already exist through deteriorated fibre and product quality. Such occurrences will take place in certain legislative-economic situations. Paper industry has many cascade levels, each with their internal recovery and recycling, as well as many intra-firm, regional, and life cycle ecology structures. As an example of prospects for individual cascading routes, sludges may continue to be incinerated, but the route to landfills will be closed. The main obstacles of legislative drive toward better IE systems are in many cases existing laws and political considerations rather than economic or technical aspects. The study and practice of engineering human technology systems and related elements of natural systems should develop in such a way that they provide quality of life by actively managing the dynamics of relevant systems to reduce the risk and scale of undesirable behavior and outcomes. For the paper industry, earth systems engineering offers several development routes. One of them is the further recognition of and research on the fact that the products of the industry are returned back to the carbon cycle of the natural environment. Opportunities for modifying current earth systems may also be available for the industry, e.g. genetically modified plants for raw materials or organisms for making good quality pulp out of current raw materials. It is to be recognized that earth systems engineering may become a very controversial area, and that very diverse political pressures may determine its future usefulness to the paper industry.

scholarly journals North European Export Industry and the Shadows of Sulphur Directive

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esa Hämäläinen ◽  
Olli-Pekka Hilmola ◽  
Andres Tolli
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Export Industry ◽  
Eu Directive ◽  
Oil Markets ◽  
Regulation Change ◽  
European Export

Abstract EU Directive of MARPOL Annex VI and its economic impact on the Nordic paper industry is theme of this research work. Empirical data for analysis purposes was gained from a large Nordic paper mill that exports bulk products mainly to Europe (70 % of its volume). The study shows that in the end the industry’s location still has an economical effect, and that the location has a distinct impact on competition through rising transportation costs. Environmental regulation continues and fosters long-term upwards trajectory of transportation cost, which has been experienced by the paper mill earlier during years 2001-2009. Sulphur regulation change to cleaner grades of maritime diesel did not turn as heavy cost increase in the 2015, however, possibility to gain cost benefits in rapidly deteriorating oil markets were not reached either. Therefore, in depressed industrial product markets, like paper industry, implications were such that margins of export industry remained low.

Measuring paper industry's ecological performance in an imprecise and vague scenario: a fuzzy DEA-based analytical framework

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Kumar Jauhar ◽  
Natthan Singh ◽  
A. Rajeev ◽  
Millie Pant
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Efficiency Score ◽  
Comparative Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ecological Performance ◽  
Fuzzy Dea ◽  
Desirable And Undesirable Outputs

PurposeProductivity improvement is key to sustainability performance improvements of organizations. In a real-world scenario, the nature of inputs and outputs is likely to be imprecise and vague, leading to complexity in comparing firms' efficiency measurements. Implementation of fuzzy-logic based measurement systems is a method for dealing with such cases. This paper presents a fuzzy weight objective function to solve Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) CCR model for measuring paper mills' performance in India for 15 years.Design/methodology/approachAn integrated methodology is proposed to solve DEA models having fuzzy weights. The fuzzy DEA methodology is an extended version of the DEA approach that researchers have used for performance measurement purposes in imprecise and vague scenarios. The ecological performance of the paper industry is evaluated, considering some desirable and undesirable outputs. The effect of non-discretionary input on the performance of a paper mill is also analyzed.FindingsAnalysis suggests that the productivity of the paper industry is improving consistently throughout the period. The comparative evaluation of methods suggests that a diverse cluster of DMUs and integration of DEA with the fuzzy logic increases the diversity in the efficiency score while DEA-DE imitates the results of CCR DEA.Originality/valueProposed a fuzzy DEA-based analytical framework for measuring the paper industry's ecological performance in an imprecise and vague scenario. The model is tested on data from the paper industry in a developing country context and comparative performance analysis using DEA, fuzzy DEA and DE algorithm is done.

Influence of microbiological biofilm on the technological process of sugar production

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (16) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Tamila Sheiko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technological Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Sugar Production ◽  
Microbial Biofilms ◽  
Yield And Quality

During the processing of frozen and thawed sugar beets, invert sugar, in particular glucose and fructose, accumulates in them. This is due to the process of hydrolysis of carbohydrates. As a result of temperature fluctuations, beets lose elasticity, and tissue walls become soft. The activity of microorganisms intensifies on damaged beets. In the sugar industry, harmful microorganisms enter the production with raw materials, water, unwashed soil and air. Under improper storage conditions of raw materials the rapid development of microorganisms begins leading to sugar loss. The microflora of raw materials in sugar production is due to spore-forming and non-spore-forming bacteria, as well as micromycetes. Processing in the production of such raw materials is complicated. This leads to non-rhythmic operation of the sugar factory, technological processes and metal corrosion of technological equipment. Sugar yield and quality are significantly reduced. An important factor is the protection from the formation of microbial biofilms. The article considers the problem of formation of microbial biofilm in the process of obtaining diffusion juice in the sugar industry. The structure of the biofilm and its stability over time are considered. Under the conditions of active biofilm formation, uncontrolled unaccounted losses of sucrose are observed. Under conditions of low-quality beet processing, biocides and enzymes must be used in the production. They reduce the contamination of intermediate products by microorganisms, greatly facilitate the technological process. They also allow you to predict unaccounted sugar losses and improve its quality and yield. The article considers the effect of different types of biocides on dextran, which is an example of the formation of microbial biofilms. The comparative characteristic of influence of biocides on dextran is given and their resistance is noted.

scholarly journals POTENCY OF SOLID WASTE OF PAPER MILL USING RECYCLE PAPER AS FUEL

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusup Setiawan ◽  
Sri Purwati ◽  
Krisna Aditya Wardhana ◽  
Aep Surahman ◽  
Reza Bastari Wattimena
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Deformation Temperature ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Solidification Process ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Initial Deformation ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Total Alkali

The paper industry generates solid waste such as wastewater sludge and paper mill rejects. The rejects from recycled paper processing are varies from 5 % to 25 % dependent on the recovered fiber quality and process used in the mill. The composition of the rejects is consisted of fiber bundles, plastics pieces, foils and polystyrene containing large quantities of plastics. One of the limitations of solid waste for energy is bulky and high moisture content which is difficult to be stored, transported, and utilized. To overcome this limitation, it is needed a solidification process. Pelletizing of paper mill solid waste is one of solidification processes to ease in storing, handling, and transporting of solid waste. Experiment on solid wastes utilization in the pellet form as fuel has been carried out. Solidification process of paper mill solid waste is consisted of drying, shredding and  pelletizing processes of solid waste. Pellet of paper mill solid waste and coal and pellet of combination of rejects waste were analyzed for their proximate, mineral content of ash and ash fusion temperature (AFT) to see slagging and fouling potency. The results shows that paper mill reject contain high calorific value of 5,987 calorie/gram and low content of sulphur and ash. Ash has low content of total alkali (Na2O and K2O) and high initial deformation temperature (IDT) of 1,193oC. Mixed of 95% coal and 5% pellet of reject waste has low content of total alkali (Na2O and K2O) and high initial deformation temperature (IDT) of 1,315oC. The result  indicates low slagging and fouling potency of reject waste when it is utilized as a boiler fuel.Keywords: solid waste, sludge, rejects, pellet, fuel, slagging, fouling  ABSTRAK Industri kertas menghasilkan limbah padat seperti limbah lumpur dan limbah reject. Jumlah limbah reject dari pengolahan kertas daur ulang bervariasi dari 5% sampai 25% tergantung pada kualitas serat dan proses yang digunakan di pabrik. Komposisi limbah reject terdiri dari gumpalan serat, potongan plastik dan foil. Salah satu keterbatasan dari limbah padat untuk energi adalah ruah dan kadar air-nya tinggi yang menyulitkan dalam penyimpanan, transportasi, dan penggunaannya. Untuk mengatasi keterbatasan ini diperlukan proses solidifikasi. Pembuatan pellet dari limbah padat industri kertas merupakan salah satu proses solidifikasi untuk memudahkan dalam penyimpanan, penanganan, dan pengangkutan limbah padat. Penelitian pemanfaatan limbah padat dalam bentuk pelet sebagai bahan bakar untuk energi telah dilakukan. Proses solidifikasi limbah padat pabrik kertas terdiri dari proses pengeringan, proses pencacahan dan proses pembuatan pellet. Pellet limbah padat industri kertas dan campuran dari batubara dan pellet limbah reject diuji untuk analisis proksimat, kadar mineral abu, kadar abu dan suhu fusi abu (AFT) untuk mengetahui potensi slagging dan fouling. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa limbah reject industri kertas mengandung nilai kalor tinggi 5.987 kalori/gram dan rendah sulfur dan abu. Abu mengandung alkali total (Na2O dan K2O) rendah dan suhu deformasi awal tinggi (IDT) yaitu 1.193oC. Campuran dari batubara 95% dan pellet limbah reject 5% mengandung alkali total (Na2O dan K2O) rendah dan suhu deformasi awal tinggi (IDT) yaitu 1.315oC. Hal ini menunjukkan potensi slagging dan fouling rendah bilamana limbah reject digunakan sebagai bahan bakar boiler.Kata kunci: limbah padat, lumpur, reject, pelet, bahan bakar, slagging, fouling    

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF GENOME INSTABILITY IN LYMPHOCYTES AND BUCCAL EPITHELIOCYTES OF CHILDREN FROM THE CITY WITH BIG PULP AND PAPER INDUSTRY

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1392-1401
Author(s):  
V. V. Yurchenko ◽  
Faina I. Ingel ◽  
N. A. Urtseva ◽  
E. K. Krivtsova ◽  
L. V. Akhaltseva
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Instability ◽  
Genome Instability ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Buccal Epithelial Cells ◽  
The City

Introduction. Analysis of literature has shown genotoxicants (mutagens and carcinogens) to be present in the atmospheric emissions of pulp and paper industry (PPI). Moreover, among PPI workers from different countries, there was identified an additional risk of cancer, which suggests its high probability among residents of the cities where the PPI is located. The recognized index of genotoxic effects is an increased level of genome instability, which is determined, in particular, in the micronucleus test. The scope of the study - the comparative analysis of the effects of genomic instability in the two tissues - blood lymphocytes cultured with Cytochalasin B, and buccal epithelial cells in the second grade school children (8-9 years old, boys and girls), whose schools were located at different distances from the pulp and paper mill. Material and methods. The study was carried out in the city of Koryazhma, the Arkhangelsk Region (42000 citizens), where the pulp and paper plant as the city-forming industry was located. For the analysis, we subdivided the territories on which the schools were located, into 3 groups according to their distance from the pulp and paper mill. The effects of genomic instability were determined by cytome analysis in the micronucleus test. Results. Cytome analysis of cultivated lymphocytes demonstrated that levels of genome instability indices (including cell frequencies with micronuclei and nucleoplasm bridges, apoptosis, as well as changes in the spectrum of cell populations) to decrease along with the rising the distance between the pulp and paper mill and schools where the children go. In buccal epithelial cells, the manifestations of genomic instability effects were less systematic, which did not allow making a definitive conclusion. At the same time, in both tests, gender differences in the results of cytome analysis were revealed (for example, the alteration of frequency of lymphocytes with genetic damage dependence on the distance between schools and the PPI was more pronounced among boys). Conclusion. According to the results of this study and taking into consideration the data of literature, we hypothesized that the discovering of gender dimorphism in the effects of genome instability may indicate the presence of toxic and/or genotoxic compounds in an environment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document