Closing Paper Mill Whitewater Circuits by Inserting an Anaerobic Stage with Subsequent Treatment

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Huster ◽  
I. Demel ◽  
A. Geller
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Waste Paper ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Purification Plant ◽  
Specific Amount

In the past few years, the paper industry has been able significantly to reduce the specific amount of effluent it produces. It is considered that the standard now achieved is not susceptible of improvements without a loss of product quality. The problem substances imported with the raw materials will tend rather to increase the specific amount of effluent produced by paper mills that process waste paper, and it will only be possible to operate completely closed circuits in exceptional cases. Integrating a biological purification plant into the Whitewater circuit can help to solve this problem, which is specific to waste paper. Operating a purification plant in the half-stuff production sector makes it possible to achieve substantially lower quantities of specific effluent even in integrated paper mills if the water circuits for half-stuff production and for the papermachine are kept largely separate, and if the freshwater intake is effected via the papermachine's circuit. Possibilities of reducing the specific quantity of effluent produced in wood-free production processes are not discussed, since the use of biological plants in this sector appears problematic for a variety of reasons. The use of anaerobic technology - with appropriate subsequent treatment if necessary - appears suitable because of its favourable energy balance. The possibilities and limits of using anaerobic technology for treating highly concentrated effluents from paper mills are largely known. The use of this technology in the Whitewater circuits of paper mills is still in the planning stage. Simple model calculations can be used to estimate the effects of operating a purification plant on the equilibrium concentrations in the white-water circuit and to detect possible problems.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF ELIMINATION EIGHT MAJOR LOSSES IN CO-GENERATION POWER PLANT TO INCREASE PROFITS IN THE PULP & PAPER MILLS MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 6574-6583
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ayip Fathani, Erry Rimawan, Antonius Setyadi, Bambang Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Success Factor ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Pulp Paper ◽  
The Impact

In the industrialized world, increasing productivity and profitability is very important for companies as a benchmark of success in business processes. Some literature has defined the success factor of the successful application of the concept of TPM as a tool to improve the productivity performance of the company, therefore improving the productivity performance of the company becomes the main thing in improving long-term sustainable profitability for the company . In the manufacturing industry pulp and paper mills, the contribution of the highest production costs is in raw materials (Pulp and chemical raw materials), followed by energy and packaging. The energy sector occupies the top three in the cost contributor to variable costs, it is triggered because in the pulp paper industry sector, the consumption value for electrical energy and heat is very high. Therefore, success in eliminating eight major losses is a major success factor in improving the profitability of the company. To analyze the effects of elimination of eight major losses, reduction of production costs and increase in profitability can be solved by evaluating the influence of all indicators of eight major losses using PLS-SEM. The data used is operational data co-generation plant production of PT. XYZ in 2019. From the research conducted it is known that the variable Overall Plant Effectiveness (OPE) is significantly influenced by 2 (two) of the 3 (three) constituent indicators, namely Availability and Performance, both indicators affect: Productivity Improvement, Decreased Production Costs and Increased Profitability of the Company. The priority of improvement that must be done by considering the production cost performance data from the review of variable costs of energy is elimination: Loss Shutdown losses (A1), Loss Production adjustment loss (A2), Equipment failure (A3), Process failure ( A4), Normal Production (A5), and abnormal production (A6).

scholarly journals Study on Seasonal Variations and Spatial Distribution of Major Ions with Focus on Paper Industry Effluents - A Case study of Sirpur Paper Mills (SPM) Telangana

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-429
Author(s):  
Harish Kumar Agre
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mill Effluent ◽  
Post Monsoon

The present paper examines the seasonal variations in groundwater quality (Pre-monsoon & Post- Monsoon) with an emphasis on paper industry effluents from the Sirpur-Kaghaznagar area. Spatial distribution of samples from 24 sites collected during pre and post-monsoon using surfer software gives an insight of important parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, BOD, COD, DO, Ca+, Mg2+, Na+, F, Cl-, NO3,- SO42- and TH to be significantly elevated beyond the acceptable and permissible levels prescribed by BIS limits. Also, the Physico-chemical analysis of paper mill effluent collected from 12 different sites revealed that parameters such as pH, EC, TDS, BOD, COD, Alkalinity, SO42-, Cu, and Fe were beyond the BIS permissible limits for effluent discharge and designated a profound negative impact on groundwater quality and lead us to conclude that the overall quality is deteriorated due to the influx of paper industry effluents.

Forests, fiber, and the environment – In view of the fiber supply to the pulp and paper industry

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Mohta ◽  
D. N. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Wood Pulp ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Paper Mills

Forests play a vital role in the social, economic, and environmental development of any country. Paper, composed principally of wood fiber, is an essential commodity in promoting literacy, communication, documentation, and packaging. However, there is much concern about the world's forests being over-utilized. This has led to serious repercussions, not only to humanity, but also to the earth's biodiversity as a whole. It is now time that forests be used in a more responsible and ethical manner. Because of reduced forest area, increasing pulpwood costs, and an increasing demand for pulp and paper products, it might be expected that the focus would shift to high yield pulping processes or to the use of cellulosic non-wood raw materials. Non-woods are available in good supply all over the world, but are currently under-utilized. It is estimated that replacing 5–10% of wood pulp with non-wood pulp would have an important impact on the conservation of forests and the environment. This replacement of wood pulp by non-wood pulp could be environmentally and economically acceptable even in developed countries. By doing so, pulp and paper mills would have a lead role in reducing their dependency on forests for fiber. This determination and commitment would enhance the long-term sustainability of forests and the pulp and paper industry. Above all, it would be a sustainable step towards "our common future." Key words: forest, sustainable development, fiber supply, pulp and paper, non-woods

Application of ultrafiltration in the pulp and paper industry: metals removal and whitewater reuse

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Oliveira ◽  
C.M. Silva ◽  
A.F. Milanez
Keyword(s):  
Water Use ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper Industry ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Metals Removal ◽  
High Level

In the pulp and paper industry, the water use minimization is a constant target. One way to reduce water use is to recycle the effluent in a closed-cycle concept. In paper mills, the main source of liquid effluent is the so-called whitewater, which is the excess water, originated from pulp stock dewatering and other fibre contaminated water. This research studied the reuse of paper mill whitewater after membrane ultrafiltration (UF) in the paper machine and in the pulp bleach plant of an integrated mill. Contaminant removal and flux behaviour of the UF system were evaluated. The treatment by ultrafiltration was technically feasible and the treated whitewater had good potential to be reused in some processes in the paper machine. The reuse of ultrafiltered whitewater in the bleaching plant was not recommended because of the high level of soluble calcium present in this stream. Therefore, a combined treatment of the whitewater using the principle of precipitation and ultrafiltration was proposed showing good results and enabling the use of the treated whitewater in the bleach plant.

scholarly journals Proposal of Sustainability Indicators for the Waste Management from the Paper Industry within the Circular Economy Model

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emiliano Molina-Sánchez ◽  
Juan Leyva-Díaz ◽  
Francisco Cortés-García ◽  
Valentín Molina-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Economy Model ◽  
Mineral Fillers ◽  
Relationship Of

The optimization of water management in industrial processes is paramount in diminishing or mitigating, as far as possible, the negative externalities generated by its current use within the linear economy model. This research presents methods for the optimization of wastewater from paper mills which are associated with the new sustainability and circular economy model. In this way, the concept of circular economy was applied to the wastewater treatment from a paper mill, with the objective of recovering the resources contained in this type of effluent. The wastewater treatment plant is based on a biological reactor of activated sludge, and treats a flow of 4868 m3·day−1. This study proposes the development and evaluation of indicators of circular economy applied to wastewater from a paper mill, as well as the assessment of the removal performance of color, total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand on the fifth day (BOD5), and chemical oxygen demand (COD), which are higher than 96% in all cases. Per 1 m3 of wastewater from a paper mill, a volume of 0.9 m3 of potentially reusable water and a recovered sludge mass of 0.7 kg are generated; the latter is reused as a mineral filler during the process itself. In light of this, a multivariable statistical analysis was applied to determine the relationship of the operation variables and indicators of circular economy. In this way, wastewater from the paper mill can be regarded as a technological nutrient, which is partially reintroduced into the production process, enabling the recovery of the water and mineral fillers that it contains.

Anaerobic treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents – status quo and new developments

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo Habets ◽  
Willie Driessen
Keyword(s):  
Paper Industry ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Widespread Application ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Mill Effluents ◽  
Pre Treatment

Since the early 1980s, anaerobic treatment of industrial effluents has found widespread application in the pulp and paper industry. Over 200 installations are treating a large variety of different pulp and paper mill effluents. Amongst various anaerobic systems the UASB and IC are the most applied anaerobic reactor systems. Anaerobic treatment is well feasible for effluents originated from recycle paper mills, mechanical pulping (peroxide bleached), semi-chemical pulping and sulphite and kraft evaporator condensates. The advantages of anaerobic pre-treatment are (1) net production of renewable energy (biogas), (2) minimized bio-solids production, (3) minimal footprint and (4) reduced emission of greenhouse gases. Via in-line application of anaerobic treatment in closed circuits (paper kidney technology) further savings on cost of fresh water intake and effluent discharge levies are generated.

Economics of a Nordic paper mill: case study

2010 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Esa Hämäläinen ◽  
Ulla Tapaninen
Keyword(s):  
Financial Management ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Content Type

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to reveal how the prices, costs, and logistics develop in the case mill and how these variables correlate with profits, and finally to give suggestions for improvements.Design/methodology/approachA typical Finnish paper mill is selected for the basis of the case study. The complete data for the mill for the years 2001 to 2007 at a monthly level are used. The data are obtained from the mill's financial management system and transferred to Excel. Statistica 4.1 software is used to run the statistical correlation analyses. The results can be generalized with certain limitations to paper manufacturing located at a long distance from its customers.FindingsThis paper gives an important insight into the economics of the Finnish paper industry. From theory‐building point of view, the empirical process data show that the variation in production lines is minimal, but there are important variations in paper deliveries. A lot can be gained in the logistics processes. Larger volumes delivered in tons also tend to increase profits. From the mill to the consignees, fluctuations in the process and paper sales grow substantially, which indicates longer storage times.Research limitations/implicationsThe results of the case study are based on the data of a single large integrated paper mill in Finland covering the years 2001‐2007, so the results cannot be directly generalized to concern all Nordic paper mills. In May 2005, there was an industrial blackout, which considerably affected the production and deliveries of all Finnish paper mills in that year.Practical implicationsThe competitive advantages of the Finnish paper industry are undermined by low paper prices and costly logistics. The mill managers should increasingly focus on overcapacity and cost issues and also deliver volumes, which all could contribute to higher profits.Originality/valueIn this paper, the Finnish paper industry is studied through a time series, economic geography, and statistical tools. This approach is a novel method and gives new insights into this research object. The mill's economic variables, such as paper prices, profits, and logistics and manufacturing costs, and the characteristics of these issues in a spatial context are studied.

The formation of colour during biological treatment of pulp and paper wastewater

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B. Milestone ◽  
R.R. Fulthorpe ◽  
T.R. Stuthridge
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Subsequent Treatment ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Significant Change

Colour discharges are gaining renewed focus in the pulp and paper industry as increasingly strict regulatory limits are placed on wastewater quality and aesthetics. In-mill process improvements, such as ECF bleaching and oxygen delignification, have decreased wastewater colour loadings. However, a survey of 12 pulp and paper mill systems found that effluent treatment using aerated stabilisation basins (ASB) leads to average increases in colour of 20-40%. In some instances, this phenomenon may even double the influent colour levels. Activated sludge systems did not produce a colour increase. The measured increases that follow ASB secondary treatment may be sufficient for a mill to fail prescribed discharge standards. A detailed field survey focusing on sections of an integrated bleached kraft mill ASB treatment system was undertaken. The average increase in colour at the final point of discharge was 45%. The major changes in colour concentration occurred in the inlet to the main treatment pond, and in polishing ponds that followed the main treatment pond. Both of these areas receive little or no aeration. No significant change was observed in the highly aerated main pond. These results, along with literature reports, suggested that redox conditions play a major role in influencing colour behaviour. To test this, two series of paired continuously stirred reactors were used to treat whole mill effluent from two ECF bleached kraft mills in parallel. The first series initially treated under anaerobic conditions, followed by an aerobic reactor, while the second series reversed this order. With the initial anaerobic stage, effluent colour increased by 18% and 19% for the first and second series respectively. Subsequent treatment by aerobic bacteria further increased colour by 14% and 6%, for a total increase of 32% and 25%. Initial aerobic treatment, however, did not lead to any significant change in colour for either effluent. Further anaerobic treatment following aerobic conditions produced only small increases in colour. These results are consistent with the ASB and activated sludge system survey, suggesting that anaerobic conditions at the head of treatment systems initiate the observed increases in effluent colour in ASB treatment systems.

scholarly journals Slime control in paper mill using biological agents as biocides

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Pathak ◽  
Varun Kumar ◽  
Nishi Kant Bhardwaj ◽  
Chhavi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Specific Substrate ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Slime Control ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Favorable Temperature

Abstract The environmental conditions of paper mills are suitable for the growth of slime-forming microorganisms due to the supply of nutrients, favorable temperature, and moisture. The slime formation causes the spoilage of raw materials & additives, breaks in the paper during papermaking, loss of production, reduces the hygienic quality of the end products, produces off-spec and rejected products, creates microbiological corrosion, and produces harmful gases. The main microorganisms are Bacteria (mainly Bacillus spp., Achromobacter spp., Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Clostridium, etc.), Fungi (Aspergillus, Penicillium, Saccharomyces, etc.), and Algae. Besides the use of conventional toxic chemical biocides or slimicides, slime formation can also be controlled in an eco-friendly way using enzymes, bacteriophages, biodispersants, and biocontrol agents alone or along with biocides to remove the slime. Enzymes have shown their effectiveness over conventional chemicals due to nontoxic and biodegradable nature to provide clean and sustainable technology. Globally enzymes are being used at some of the paper mills and many enzymatic products are presently being prepared and under the trail at laboratory scale. The specificity of enzymes to degrade a specific substrate is the main drawback of controlling the mixed population of microorganisms present in slime. The enzyme has the potential to provide the chemical biocide-free solution as a useful alternative in the future with the development of new technologies. Microorganisms control in the paper mill may appear as a costly offer but the cost of uncontrolled microbial growth can be much higher leading to slime production and large economic drain.

A Rags to Riches Story

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-45
Author(s):  
Michael G. Hillard
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Paper Mills ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Paper Making ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries

This chapter explores why Maine became a paper industry hub or came to be known as the Detroit of paper. It describes American paper mills that were located close to cities in southern New England and the Atlantic, making Maine a remote outpost. It also recounts Maine's preeminence in paper production by 1900, when new economic tectonics would erode its special place in the making of paper. The chapter identifies forces that accounted for the rise of Maine as a leading paper making state. It highlights raw materials, technology, geography, and markets as the four dramatis personae that called forth a massive increase in paper production over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and steered much of the increase to new mills in Maine.

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