scholarly journals Molecular and Morphological Characterization ofFasciolaspp. Isolated from Different Host Species in a Newly Emerging Focus of Human Fascioliasis in Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Shafiei ◽  
Bahador Sarkari ◽  
Seyed Mahmuod Sadjjadi ◽  
Gholam Reza Mowlavi ◽  
Abdolali Moshfe
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Human Fascioliasis ◽  
Rflp Profile ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Liver Flukes ◽  
Southwest Of Iran ◽  
And Control

The current study aimed to find out the morphometric and genotypic divergences of the flukes isolated from different hosts in a newly emerging focus of human fascioliasis in Iran. AdultFasciolaspp. were collected from 34 cattle, 13 sheep, and 11 goats from Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, southwest of Iran. Genomic DNA was extracted from the flukes and PCR-RFLP was used to characterize the isolates. The ITS1, ITS2, and mitochondrial genes (mtDNA) of NDI and COI from individual liver flukes were amplified and the amplicons were sequenced. Genetic variation within and between the species was evaluated by comparing the sequences. Moreover, morphometric characteristics of flukes were measured through a computer image analysis system. Based on RFLP profile, from the total of 58 isolates, 41 isolates (from cattle, sheep, and goat) were identified asFasciola hepatica, while 17 isolates from cattle were identified asFasciola gigantica. Comparison of the ITS1 and ITS2 sequences showed six and seven single-base substitutions, resulting in segregation of the specimens into two different genotypes. The sequences of COI markers showed seven DNA polymorphic sites forF. hepaticaand 35 DNA polymorphic sites forF. gigantica. Morphological diversity of the two species was observed in linear, ratios, and areas measurements. The findings have implications for studying the population genetics, epidemiology, and control of the disease.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of Fasciola isolates collected from sheep, goats and cattle in Kisumu, Baringo and Narok Counties, Kenya

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius Kibet Kipyegen ◽  
Charles I. Muleke ◽  
Elick O. Otachi
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽  
Rdna Sequences ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Veterinary Importance ◽  
Liver Flukes ◽  
And Control

Abstract Fasciolosis is a neglected trematode infection of public health and veterinary importance caused by Fasciola gigantica and Fasciola hepatica. Molecular analysis using the internal transcribed spacers’ ITS-1 and ITS-2 of nuclear ribosomal DNA is useful in distinguishing Fasciola species. This study aimed to characterize liver flukes from sheep, goats and cattle using these genetic markers. Fifty nine adult Fasciola specimens were collected from livers of naturally infected sheep, goats and cattle at selected abattoirs in Kisumu, Baringo and Narok Counties. Sequence comparison of ITS-1 and ITS-2 sequences of Fasciola isolates from this study and sequences in Genbank was carried out. A maximum likelihood tree was constructed for phylogenetic analysis. Analysis of ITS-1 and ITS-2 rDNA sequences revealed that F. hepatica and F. gigantica caused infection in both cattle and sheep and in goats only F. gigantica caused infection. The sequenced PCR amplicons showed a close relationship between Fasciola species in this study with Fasciola isolates from other regions in the world. Phylogenetic analysis showed that sequences of F. hepatica are similar to the sequence from Spain, China and Tunisia obtained from GenBank. The sequences of F. gigantica in this study have similarity to the sequence from Iran and Burkina Faso. Data from this study provides information that serves as basis for further studies on the distribution of F. gigantica and F. hepatica in other localities in Kenya, and is also important in designing epidemiological and control programmes for zoonotic fascioliasis.

Equines as reservoirs of human fascioliasis: transmission capacity, epidemiology and pathogenicity in Fasciola hepatica-infected mules

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Mera y Sierra ◽  
G. Neira ◽  
M.D. Bargues ◽  
P.F. Cuervo ◽  
P. Artigas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Human Fascioliasis ◽  
Infection Susceptibility ◽  
Fluke Infection ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Liver Flukes ◽  
Liver Fluke Infection ◽  
First Time

Abstract Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease caused by liver flukes transmitted by freshwater lymnaeid snails. Donkey and horse reservoir roles have been highlighted in human endemic areas. Liver fluke infection in mules has received very limited research. Their role in disease transmission, epidemiological importance and Fasciola hepatica pathogenicity are studied for the first time. Prevalence was 39.5% in 81 mules from Aconcagua, and 24.4% in 127 from Uspallata, in high-altitude areas of Mendoza province, Argentina. A mean amount of 101,242 eggs/mule/day is estimated. Lymnaeids from Uspallata proved to belong to ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) markers ITS-1 and ITS-2 combined haplotype 3C of Galba truncatula. These lymnaeids were experimentally susceptible to infection by egg miracidia from mules. Infectivity, number of cercariae/snail and shedding period fit the enhanced F. hepatica/G. truncatula transmission pattern at very high altitude. This indicates that the mule is able to maintain the F. hepatica cycle independently. Individual burdens of 20 and 97 flukes were found. Mule infection susceptibility is intermediate between donkey and horse, although closer to the latter. Anatomo-pathology and histopathology indicate that massive infection may cause mule death. Haematological value decreases of red blood cells, haemoglobin, leucocytes and lymphocytes indicate anaemia and strong immunosuppression. Strongly increased biochemical marker values indicate liver function alterations. The mule probably played a role in the past exchanges with Chile and Bolivia through Mendoza province. Evidence suggests that mules could contribute to the spread of both F. hepatica and G. truncatula to human fascioliasis-endemic areas in these countries.

Identification of Fasciola Species Using Tegumental Spines in Tissue Sections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo FADAVI ◽  
Keyhan ASHRAFI ◽  
Hamid HASSANPOUR ◽  
Mohamad Bagher ROKNI ◽  
Seyyed Mostafa HOSSEINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staining Technique ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Fasciola Species ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurement ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Liver Flukes

Background: Efforts to find a reliable non-molecular means of identification has been the main purpose of the current work that always is persuaded by researchers interested in the field of parasitology. Methods: Adult fasciolids were obtained from the slaughterhouses in different parts of Iran in 2017, and investigated using the classical old fashion morphological appearances of the worms implementing a camera lucida equipped microscope. Histological procedure was subsequently performed for almost the entire collected adult worms followed by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining technique. DNA extraction and RFLP-PCR technique were carried out for the entire fasciolid liver flukes. To attain more comparable morphological conclusions, Scanning Electron Micrographs were also implemented for two molecularly identified fasciolids. Results: Based on spine morphology observed in worm’s tissue sections two types of tegumental spines, “pointed” and “molar” shapes have been identified addressing to distinguish F. hepatica and F. gigantica species respectively. The present identification has been also supported by Molecular analysis using RFLP-PCR technique. Conclusion: There are some hidden morphological characters implemented in species identification for certain helminths. Meanwhile, the emergence of computer image analysis system (CIAS) on the scene of taxonomy, has revolutionized the accuracy of measurement in morphology by employing detailed parameters that have not been regarded before. The current study has illustrated the tegumental spines of two Fasciola species in tissue sections which has not been enough considered in helminthological publications so far.

Phenotypic analysis of adults and eggs of Fasciola hepatica by computer image analysis system

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Valero ◽  
M. Panova ◽  
S. Mas-Coma
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Computer Image ◽  
Liver Fluke ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Adult Fluke ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Allometric Model ◽  
Computer Image Analysis ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Variable Versus

AbstractKnowledge of the morphological phenotypes of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda: Digenea) is analysed. The influence of parasite age on its dimensions, the adult fluke growth model, variation in a biometric variable versus time, and variation in a biometric variable versus another biometric variable (allometric model) are revised. The most useful allometric model appears to be (y2m]#x2212;y2)/y2=c [(y1m−y1)/y1]b, where y1=body area or body length, y2=one of the measurements analysed, y1m, y2m=maximum values towards which y1 and y2, respectively, tend, and c, b=constants. A method based on material standardization, the measurement proposal and allometric analysis is detailed. A computer image analysis system (CIAS), which includes a colour video-camera connected to a stereomicroscope (for adult studies) and a microscope (for egg studies), facilitates the processing of digital imaging. Examples of its application for the analysis of the influence of different factors on the liver fluke phenotype are shown using material from the Northern Bolivian Altiplano, where human and domestic animal fascioliasis is caused by F. hepatica only. Comparisons between the development of livestock fluke populations from highlands and lowlands are discussed and the relationships between host species and liver fluke morphometric patterns is analysed.

scholarly journals Molecular differentiation of Turkey cattle isolates of Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica

2011 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Simsek ◽  
A. Utuk ◽  
I. Balkaya
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Rapid Pcr ◽  
Domestic Ruminants ◽  
Pcr Product ◽  
Rflp Profile ◽  
The Common ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Liver Flukes ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

AbstractThe most common and widespread liver flukes of the genus Fasciola are Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica. Adults of both species occur in many domestic ruminants and in humans and can cause serious disease. The differential diagnosis of these flukes infection is very important because of their different transmission and epidemiological characteristics. A simple and rapid PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay, using the common restriction enzymes AluI and RsaI, is described to distinguish between both fasciolid species. After the digestion of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) PCR product with the restriction enzyme AluI, the RFLP profile obtained from F. hepatica revealed two fragments, whereas F. gigantica was not cut. The RsaI digestion generated two fragments from F. gigantica, whereas it did not cut the PCR product from F. hepatica. Results were confirmed with CO1 sequence analysis of both F. hepatica and F. gigantica. The present study suggests that the PCRRFLP method described here can be used for the proper identification of Fasciola species.

Phenotypes of intermediate forms of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica in buffaloes from Central Punjab, Pakistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Afshan ◽  
M.A. Valero ◽  
M. Qayyum ◽  
R.V. Peixoto ◽  
A. Magraner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Trematode Species ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Important Food ◽  
Morphometric Measurements ◽  
Computer Image Analysis ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Analysis System

AbstractFascioliasis is an important food-borne parasitic disease caused by the two trematode species, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica. The phenotypic features of fasciolid adults and eggs infecting buffaloes inhabiting the Central Punjab area, Pakistan, have been studied to characterize fasciolid populations involved. Morphometric analyses were made with a computer image analysis system (CIAS) applied on the basis of standardized measurements. Since it is the first study of this kind undertaken in Pakistan, the results are compared to pure fasciolid populations: (a) F. hepatica from the European Mediterranean area; and (b) F. gigantica from Burkina Faso; i.e. geographical areas where both species do not co-exist. Only parasites obtained from bovines were used. The multivariate analysis showed that the characteristics, including egg morphometrics, of fasciolids from Central Punjab, Pakistan, are between F. hepatica and F. gigantica standard populations. Similarly, the morphometric measurements of fasciolid eggs from Central Punjab are also between F. hepatica and F. gigantica standard populations. These results demonstrate the existence of fasciolid intermediate forms in endemic areas in Pakistan.

Epidemiology of fascioliasis in human endemic areas

2005 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Mas-Coma
Keyword(s):  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Human Fascioliasis ◽  
Geographical Expansion ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

AbstractConsidered a secondary zoonotic disease until the mid-1990s, human fascioliasis is at present emerging or re-emerging in many countries, including increases of prevalence and intensity and geographical expansion. Research in recent years has justified the inclusion of fascioliasis in the list of important human parasitic diseases. At present, fascioliasis is a vector-borne disease presenting the widest known latitudinal, longitudinal and altitudinal distribution.Fasciola hepaticahas succeeded in expanding from its European original geographical area to colonize five continents, despite theoretical restrictions related to its biology and in turn dependent upon environmental and human activities. Among the different epidemiological situations, human hypo- to hyperendemic areas, including epidemics, are noteworthy. A global analysis of the distribution of human cases shows that the expected correlation between animal and human fascioliasis only appears at a basic level. Areas presenting very high human prevalences and intensities, especially in children and females, have been recently described. In hypo- to hyperendemic areas of Central and South America, Europe, Africa and Asia, human fascioliasis presents a range of epidemiological characteristics related to a wide diversity of environments. Thus far well-known epidemiological patterns of fascioliasis may not always explain the transmission characteristics in any given area and control measures should consider the results of ecoepidemiological studies undertaken in the zones concerned.

Comparison of adult liver flukes from highland and lowland populations of Bolivian and Spanish sheep

1999 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Valero ◽  
M.D. Marcos ◽  
A.M. Comes ◽  
M. Sendra ◽  
S. Mas-Coma
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
Fasciola Hepatica ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Allometric Model ◽  
Adult Liver ◽  
Human Fascioliasis ◽  
Bolivian Altiplano ◽  
Liver Flukes ◽  
Very High

A morphological study of adult liver flukes and eggs from sheep in a human fascioliasis endemic zone in the Northern Bolivian Altiplano showed that they belong to the species Fasciola hepatica. An exhaustive morphometric comparison with a F. hepatica population from Spanish sheep was made using image analysis and an allometric model: (y2m - y2)]#x002F;y2 = c[(y1m - y1)/y1]b, where y1 = body surface or body length, y2 = one of the measurements analysed, y1m, y2m = maximum values towards which y1 and y2 respectively tend, and c, b = constants. Only slight allometric differences in worms were observed despite the geographic distance between both Spanish and Bolivian sheep populations and the very high altitude of the Bolivian Altiplano.

Digital Processing of STEM Images

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe ◽  
M. Ohtsuki
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Assembly Language ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Digital Processing ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Dose Imaging

We have assembled an image processing system for use with our high resolution STEM for the particular purpose of working with low dose images of biological specimens. The system is quite flexible, however, and can be used for a wide variety of images.The original images are stored on magnetic tape at the microscope using the digitized signals from the detectors. For low dose imaging, these are “first scan” exposures using an automatic montage system. One Nova minicomputer and one tape drive are dedicated to this task.The principal component of the image analysis system is a Lexidata 3400 frame store memory. This memory is arranged in a 640 x 512 x 16 bit configuration. Images are displayed simultaneously on two high resolution monitors, one color and one black and white. Interaction with the memory is obtained using a Nova 4 (32K) computer and a trackball and switch unit provided by Lexidata.The language used is BASIC and uses a variety of assembly language Calls, some provided by Lexidata, but the majority written by students (D. Kopf and N. Townes).

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