Antibacterial Activities andIn VitroAnti-Inflammatory (Membrane Stability) Properties of Methanolic Extracts ofGardenia coronariaLeaves

This work is carried out withGardenia coronarialeaves that belong to the family Rubiaceae, which is a small-to-medium-sized but tall, deciduous tree, 7.6–9 m high on an average. Leaves are used for the treatment of rheumatic pain and bronchitis. The leaf of the plant consists of coronalolide, coronalolic acid, coronalolide methyl ester, ethyl coronalolate acetate triterpenes (secocycloartanes), and so forth. Methanol extract from the leaves ofGardenia coronariawas completely screened for membrane stability and antibacterial activity. The lower concentrations of Methanolic leaf extract ofGardenia coronariagave good antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activity, but higher concentrations gave relatively more projecting antibacterial activityin vitroas compared with Kanamycin. The crude drug’s anti-inflammatory effects were compared with those of Aspirin as positive control. The Methanolic extracts ofGardenia coronarialeaves possessed a broad spectrum antibacterial activity against a variety of both Gram-negative and Gram-positive organisms likeStreptococcus agalactiae,Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Bacillus cereus,Shigella sonnei,Shigella boydii, andProteus mirabilis, with a zone of inhibition from 10 to 16 mm. The extract also showed good membrane stability to be considered as having significant anti-inflammatory action.

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In Vitro Cytotoxic and Anthelmintic Activities of Leonurus sibiricus L.

Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.3329/jsr.v4i3.9998 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 721-727 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. R. Saha ◽

F.M.S.N. Ul Bari ◽

M. A. Rahman ◽

M. A. Islam

Keyword(s):

Ethyl Acetate ◽

Positive Control ◽

Cytotoxic Activities ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Vincristine Sulphate ◽

The Family ◽

Leonurus Sibiricus ◽

Leaves And Roots ◽

Soluble Fractions

This study investigated the cytotoxic and anthelmintic activities of Leonurus sibiricus L. (commonly known as Raktodrone in Bangladesh) belonging to the family Labiatae. The dried leaves and roots of L. sibiricus were extracted with methanol and fractionated by modified Kupchan method. The crude methanolic extracts as well as its soluble fractions of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform were screened for cytotoxic activity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay. They were found to possess significant cytotoxic activities. The LC50 values of crude extract of leaves and its pet-ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform soluble fractions were 1.0, 2.0, 2.11 and1.33 µg/ml, respectively. On the other hand, the LC50 of crude methanolic extract of roots and fractions of pet-ether, ethyl acetate and chloroform were 2.0µg/ml, 2.81 µg/ml, 3.55 µg/ml and 7.58µg/ml, respectively. Vincristine sulphate was used as positive control. The crude methanol extract of leaves and roots also showed very good anthelmintic activities as determined against the earthworms, Pheretima posthuma. The study confirms the moderate anthelmintic and potent cytotoxic activities of leaf and root extracts of L. sibiricus.© 2012 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v4i3.9998 J. Sci. Res. 4 (3), 721-727 (2012)

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ANALISIS FITOKIMIA DAN UJI POTENSI EKSTRAK BUAH RENGGAK (Amomum Dealbatum) SEBAGAI PESTISIDA NABATI TERHADAP JAMUR Pyricularia Oryzae DAN BAKTERI Xanthomonas oryzae

Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi ◽

10.33394/bjib.v8i1.2661 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Novita Hidayatun Nufus

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Positive Control ◽

Pyricularia Oryzae ◽

Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽

In Vitro Test ◽

Paper Disk ◽

Vitro Test

This study aims to determine the potency of Renggak (Amomum dealbatum) extract as bio pesticide against Pyricularia oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae. Therefore an in vitro of antifungal and antibacterial activity of the Renggak ethanol extract were carried out against Pyricularia oeyzae and Xanthomonas oryzae. In vitro antifungal analysis were done using agar diffusing method by dissolving Renggak extract (1%, 5%, and 10%) into fungal medium and the growth of Pyricularia oryzae were observed. In vitro antibacterial analysis were complited using agar diffusing method with paper disk that contain Renggak extract (10%, 20%, and 30%) and antibiotic chloroamfenikol as positive control. The result suggest that Renggak fruit extract has antifungal and antibacterial activities. The treatment with 10% Renggak extract could inhibit the growth of Pyricularia oryzae to 100%, same with positive control (Fungicide Score-250). In vitro test for antibacterial activity showed that treatments with 20% and 30% Renggak extract gave inhibitory activities that similar with positive control. Renggak ethanol extract gave positive results on Flavonoid, Alkaloid, Steroid, Terpenoid, and Saponin tests. GC-MS assays showed that Renggak ethanol extract produces at least 10 organic compounds that was identified as 2-butanone, 4-methoxypheyl, Benzenepropanoic-aci, 4-hydroxyphenil, CAS, octadecanoid acid, stearic acid, palmiti acid, Benzenepropanoic acid, dan Farnesol isomer A, which have antimicrobial avtivities.

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Synthesis and SAR Evaluation of Mercapto Triazolobenzothiazole

Anti-Infective Agents ◽

10.2174/2211352517666191204095558 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 362-374

Author(s):

Mamatha S.V ◽

S.L. Belagali ◽

Mahesh Bhat

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Biological Evaluation ◽

Step Method ◽

Good Antibacterial Activity ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Mic Value

Background: Benzothiazoles possess a vast sphere of biological activities including anti- inflammatory, antibacterial activities whereas triazoles display various pharmacological properties including antimicrobial and antitubercular activities. Hence, triazole conjugated benzothiazole side-chain anticipating their interesting biological properties has been focused upon. Objective: The objective of the current work is synthesis and biological evaluation of a new series of benzothiazole appended triazole derivatives. Methods: The target compounds were prepared via a multi-step method involving the treatment of 2-amino benzothiazole with hydrazine followed by cyclization with carbon disulfide to give the corresponding triazol-2-thiol derivatives and then alkylation of these derivatives. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by FT-IR, Mass, 1H and 13C NMR spectra and were screened for their antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-tubercular (anti-TB) activities in vitro. These molecules were also docked into the enoyl acyl carrier reductase (Inha, PDB ID-1ZID) in silico. Results: While all the synthesized compounds were active against M. tuberculosis at 50 μg/ml, the pyrrolidine and piperidine appended benzothiazolyltriazoles showed the superior activity (MIC values 12.5 to 1.6 μg/ml). Compound 5a (5-CH3 with piperidine), 5b (7-CH3 with piperidine) and 7b (7-CH3 with pyrrolidine) showed good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value 31.25μg/ml, while compounds 7a (5-CH3 with pyrrolidine), 6b (7-CH3 with morpholine) and 8c (7-Br with pyridine) exhibited good antibacterial activity against E-coli with MIC value 62.5μg/ml. Compounds 7b (7-CH3 with pyrrolidine) and 5c (7-Br with piperidine) showed good anti-oxidant activities with IC50 values 93.25 and 82.25, respectively. Notably, these compounds were non-toxic to the normal cells even at high concentrations with IC50 value 238μg/ml. Conclusion: The compound 7b, a benzothiazolyltriazole having a pyrrolidine group (five membered ring) attached to two CH2 groups and methyl substituent at 7th position of the benzothiazole ring emerged as a novel and promising hit molecule that showed anti-TB, antimicrobial and antiinflammatory activities in vitro.

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The phytochemical constituents and antibacterial activity of methanolic and ethanolic leaf and stem extracts of Eucalyptus torelliana, Nigeria

GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.30574/gscbps.2021.16.2.0246 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 306-311

Author(s):

Christiana Jesumirhewe ◽

Adaobi Sandra Okoro ◽

Oluwasegun Adedokun

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Stem Extract ◽

Phytochemical Constituents

The use of traditional medicines has been observed to increase globally. The search for new antimicrobial agents has increased as a result of increase in microbial infections as well as antimicrobial resistance. The phytochemical and antibacterial activities of ethanolic and methanolic extract of leaves and stem of Eucalyptus torelliana was investigated to detect the presence of secondary metabolites and also evaluate their antibacterial potential. The phytochemical constituents of the powdered leaves and stem of Eucalyptus torelliana were determined using standard methods. The antibacterial susceptibility of bacteria from different sources to the leaves and stem extract was determined using agar diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentrations, MIC of the extracts were also determined. Phytochemical screening of Eucalyptus torelliana yielded glycosides, reducing sugars, condensed tannins and terpenoids in both leaf and stem extract while saponins were found only in the leaves extract. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Eucalyptus torelliana had antibacterial activities at 20mg/ml and 10mg/ml especially at 20mg/ml where it showed significant difference in their activity in relation to the negative control. The extracts from the stem were observed to have better antibacterial activity compared to the leaves. Gentamicin was used as a positive control. The ethanolic extracts had MIC range between 10mg/ml->10mg/ml while that of the methanolic extracts was >10mg/ml. The results from this study validate the possible use of Eucalyptus torelliana in the production of new antimicrobial agents.

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In vitro assessment of the antibacterial activity of combinations of methanolic extracts of Mangifera indica L. bark and Psidium guajava L. leaf on multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Journal of Pharmacy & Bioresources ◽

10.4314/jpb.v18i2.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 87-94

Author(s):

Churchill Akena ◽

Gloria Maxensia Akampa ◽

Edson Ireeta Munanura ◽

Robert BD Otto ◽

Bruhan Kaggwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Positive Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

The Individual

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes various infections in humans both in hospital and community settings. Mangifera indica Linnaeus bark and dry Psidium guajava Linnaeus leaves have individually demonstrated activity against P. aeruginosa. This study aimed to assess the combined antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of dry M. indica bark and dry P. guajava leaves on Multidrug-Resistant P. aeruginosa. Different proportion combinations of P. guajava and M. indica were assessed for antipseudomonal activity using Agar well diffusion method. Colistin was the positive control. The Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index (FICI) was also determined. The combination of methanolic extracts of P. guajava leaves (35 mg/mL) and M. indica bark (6.25 mg/mL) had a superior antibacterial effect on Multidrug-Resistant P. aeruginosa when compared with the individual extracts used alone (p˂0.05), save for P. guajava (100 mg/mL) (p = 0.1373). Colistin was significantly more active on MDR P. aeruginosa than all the test extract concentrations used. This combination of M. indica bark and P. guajava leaves methanolic extracts had a FICI of 0.2434. This study demonstrates that the combination of P. guajava leaves (35 mg/mL) and M. indica bark (6.25 mg/mL) has synergistically enhanced activity against MDR P. aeruginosa. Keywords: Antipseudomonal, MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mangifera indica, and Psidium guajava

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In Vitro Anti-Biofilm and Antibacterial Properties of Streptococcus downii sp. nov.

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9020450 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 450

Author(s):

Maigualida Cuenca ◽

María Carmen Sánchez ◽

Pedro Diz ◽

Lucía Martínez-Lamas ◽

Maximiliano Álvarez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽

Bacterial Load ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Periodontal Pathogens ◽

Biofilm Model ◽

Biofilm Development

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of Streptococcus downii sp. nov. To test anti-biofilm properties, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces naeslundii, Veillonella parvula, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans were grown in a biofilm model in the presence or not of S. downii sp. nov. for up to 120 h. For the potential antibacterial activity, 24 h-biofilms were exposed to S. downii sp. nov for 24 and 48 h. Biofilms structures and bacterial viability were studied by microscopy, and the effect in bacterial load by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A generalized linear model was constructed, and results were considered as statistically significant at p < 0.05. The presence of S. downii sp. nov. during biofilm development did not affect the structure of the community, but an anti-biofilm effect against S. mutans was observed (p < 0.001, after 96 and 120 h). For antibacterial activity, after 24 h of exposure to S. downii sp. nov., counts of S. mutans (p = 0.019) and A. actinomycetemcomitans (p = 0.020) were significantly reduced in well-structured biofilms. Although moderate, anti-biofilm and antibacterial activities of S. downii sp. nov. against oral bacteria, including some periodontal pathogens, were demonstrated in an in vitro biofilm model.

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Investigation of potential anti-urolithiatic activity from different types of Musa pseudo-stem extracts in inhibition of calcium oxalate crystallization

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies ◽

10.1186/s12906-020-03113-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mazni Abu Zarin ◽

Joo Shun Tan ◽

Paramasivam Murugan ◽

Rosma Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Calcium Oxalate ◽

Incubation Time ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Aggregation Assay ◽

Banana Tree ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Different Types ◽

Aggregation Activity

Abstract Background The banana or scientifically referred to as Musa sp., is one of the most popular fruits all over the world. Almost all parts of a banana tree, including the fruits, stem juice, and flowers are commonly used as traditional medicine for treating diarrhoea (unripe), menorrhagia, diabetes, dysentery, and antiulcerogenic, hypoglycemic, antilithic, hypolipidemic conditions, plus antioxidant actions, inflammation, pains and even snakebites. The study carried out was to evaluate in vitro anti-urolithiatic activity from different types of Musa pseudo-stems. Methods Observing anti-urolithiathic activity via in vitro nucleation and aggregation assay using a spectrophotometer followed by microscopic observation. A total of 12 methanolic extracts were tested to determine the potential extracts in anti-urolithiasis activities. Cystone was used as a positive control. Results The results manifested an inhibition of nucleation activity (0.11 ± 2.32% to 55.39 ± 1.01%) and an aggregation activity (4.34 ± 0.68% to 58.78 ± 1.81%) at 360 min of incubation time. The highest inhibition percentage in nucleation assay was obtained by the Musa acuminate x balbiciana Colla cv “Awak Legor” methanolic pseudo-stem extract (2D) which was 55.39 ± 1.01%at 60 min of incubation time compared to the cystone at 30.87 ± 0.74%. On the other hand,the Musa acuminate x balbiciana Colla cv “Awak Legor” methanolic bagasse extract (3D) had the highest inhibition percentage in the aggregation assay incubated at 360 min which was obtained at 58.78 ± 1.8%; 5.53% higher than the cystone (53.25%).The microscopic image showed a great reduction in the calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals formation and the size of crystals in 2D and 3D extracts, respectively, as compared to negative control. Conclusions The results obtained from this study suggest that the extracts are potential sources of alternative medicine for kidney stones disease.

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Antifungal and Antibacterial Metabolites from a French Poplar Type Propolis

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/319240 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Séverine Boisard ◽

Anne-Marie Le Ray ◽

Anne Landreau ◽

Marie Kempf ◽

Viviane Cassisa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antifungal Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Effect ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Weak Activity ◽

Agar Dilution

During this study, thein vitroantifungal and antibacterial activities of different extracts (aqueous and organic) obtained from a French propolis batch were evaluated. Antifungal activity was evaluated by broth microdilution on three pathogenic strains:Candida albicans, C. glabrata, andAspergillus fumigatus. Antibacterial activity was assayed using agar dilution method on 36 Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains includingStaphylococcus aureus. Organic extracts showed a significant antifungal activity againstC. albicansandC. glabrata(MIC80between 16 and 31 µg/mL) but only a weak activity towardsA. fumigatus(MIC80= 250 µg/mL). DCM based extracts exhibited a selective Gram-positive antibacterial activity, especially againstS. aureus(SA) and several of its methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) strains (MIC10030–97 µg/mL). A new and active derivative of catechin was also identified whereas a synergistic antimicrobial effect was noticed during this study.

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Phytochemical Screening, Polyphenols Content, Antioxidant Power, and Antibacterial Activity of Herniaria hirsuta from Morocco

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2018/7470384 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kenza Ammor ◽

Dalila Bousta ◽

Sanae Jennan ◽

Bahia Bennani ◽

Abdellah Chaqroune ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activity ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Hydroethanolic Extract

The aim of this study is to investigate in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts for aerial parts of Herniaria hirsuta. Extracts were screened for their possible antioxidant activities by three tests: DPPH free radical-scavenging, reducing power, and molybdenum systems. The screening of antibacterial activity of extracts was individually evaluated against sixteen bacteria species using a disc diffusion method. Flavonoids, total phenols, and tannins content were performed for both extracts. It shows higher content in the hydroethanolic extract. The hydroethanolic extract showed a significant antioxidant activity for the three methods studies to the aqueous extract, but nonsignificant results compared to the reference (BHT). However, both extracts have negative effect on the strains studies for the antibacterial activity.

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In vitro evaluation of activities of nitazoxanide and tizoxanide against anaerobes and aerobic organisms.

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.40.10.2266 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 40 (10) ◽

pp. 2266-2270 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

L Dubreuil ◽

I Houcke ◽

Y Mouton ◽

J F Rossignol

Keyword(s):

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Anaerobic Conditions ◽

Main Metabolite ◽

Level Of Activity ◽

The Family ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽

Bacteroides Fragilis Group ◽

Agar Dilution ◽

Positive Controls

The antibacterial activities of nitazoxanide and its main metabolite, tizoxanide, were tested against a broad range of bacteria, including anaerobes. Metronidazole, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin, cefoxitin, imipenem, and clindamycin were used as positive controls. MICs were determined by reference agar dilution methods. The 241 anaerobes were all inhibited by nitazoxanide, with the MICs at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (MIC90S) being between 0.06 and 4 mg/liter with the exception of those for Propionibacterium species, for which the MIC90 was 16 mg/liter. The MIC90s of nitazoxanide were 0.5 mg/liter for the Bacteroides fragilis group (80 strains), 0.06 mg/liter for Clostridium difficile (21 strains), and 0.5 mg/liter for Clostridium perfringens (16 strains). Metronidazole showed a level of activity comparable to that of nitazoxanide except against Bifidobacterium species, against which it was poorly active, and Propionibacterium species, which were resistant to metronidazole. The other antibiotics showed various levels of activity against anaerobes, with imipenem along with nitazoxanide being the most active agents tested. Tizoxanide was less effective than nitazoxanide except against the B. fragilis group, against which its activity was similar to that of nitazoxanide. Under aerobic conditions, nitazoxanide demonstrated poor activity against members of the family Enterobacteriacae and Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus species. The same results were obtained when culture was performed under anaerobic conditions with the notable exception of the results against Staphylococcus aureus. The MICs of nitazoxanide were in the range of 2 to 4 mg/liter for 34 clinical isolates of S. aureus, 12 of which were methicillin resistant, while tizoxanide was not effective.

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