scholarly journals ANALISIS FITOKIMIA DAN UJI POTENSI EKSTRAK BUAH RENGGAK (Amomum Dealbatum) SEBAGAI PESTISIDA NABATI TERHADAP JAMUR Pyricularia Oryzae DAN BAKTERI Xanthomonas oryzae

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Novita Hidayatun Nufus
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Pyricularia Oryzae ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Paper Disk ◽  
Vitro Test

This study aims to determine the potency of Renggak (Amomum dealbatum) extract as bio pesticide against Pyricularia oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae. Therefore an in vitro of  antifungal and antibacterial activity of the Renggak ethanol extract were carried out against Pyricularia oeyzae and Xanthomonas oryzae. In vitro antifungal  analysis were done using agar diffusing method by dissolving Renggak extract (1%, 5%, and 10%) into fungal medium and the growth of  Pyricularia oryzae were observed. In vitro antibacterial analysis were complited using agar diffusing method with paper disk that contain Renggak extract (10%, 20%, and 30%) and antibiotic chloroamfenikol as positive control. The result suggest that Renggak fruit extract has antifungal and antibacterial activities. The treatment with 10% Renggak extract could inhibit the growth of Pyricularia oryzae to 100%, same with positive control (Fungicide Score-250). In vitro test for antibacterial activity showed that treatments with 20% and 30% Renggak extract gave inhibitory activities that similar with positive control. Renggak ethanol extract gave positive results on Flavonoid, Alkaloid, Steroid, Terpenoid, and Saponin tests. GC-MS assays showed that Renggak ethanol extract produces at least 10 organic compounds that was identified as  2-butanone, 4-methoxypheyl, Benzenepropanoic-aci, 4-hydroxyphenil, CAS, octadecanoid acid, stearic acid, palmiti acid, Benzenepropanoic acid, dan Farnesol isomer A, which have antimicrobial avtivities.

scholarly journals EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI LABU KUNING (CUCURBITA MOSCHATA DUCHESNE) SEBAGAI ANTELMINTIK PADA CACING GELANG (ASCARIDIA GALLI)

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Noni Zakiah ◽  
Vonna Aulianshah ◽  
T. Maulana Hidayatullah ◽  
Faridah Hanum
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Cucurbita Moschata ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pumpkin Seeds

Kegunaan labu kuning di Indonesia masih sebatas daging buah yang dapat diolah menjadi panganan seperti kue basah, kolak dan sayur berkuah. Secara empiris, biji labu kuning telah digunakan untuk mengatasi cacingan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui mortalitas cacing gelang (Ascaridia galli) dalam ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne). Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor Ascaridia galli yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, kelompok I kontrol negatif menggunakan larutan NaCl fisiologis, kelompok II kontrol positif menggunakan larutan pirantel pamoat 0,5 %, kelompok III, IV dan V berturut-turut menggunakan 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml dan 100 mg/ml ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning. Parameter penelitian ini ditentukan dengan melihat persentase nilai skor pasca inkubasi 12 jam, 24 jam, dan 36 jam. Skor 3 diberikan apabila seluruh tubuh Ascaridia galli bergerak, skor 2 diberikan jika hanya sebagian tubuh Ascaridia galli bergerak, skor 1 jika Ascaridia galli diam tetapi masih hidup, dan skor 0 apabila Ascaridia galli mati. Hasil uji in vitro dengan perlakuan 25 mg/ml ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning menyebabkan kematian 3 ekor Ascaridia galli  atau 60% pasca inkubasi 36 jam, sedangkan ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning dengan perlakuan 50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml dan kelompok kontrol positif mengakibatkan kematian 4 ekor Ascaridia galli atau 80% pasca inkubasi 36 jam. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) dosis 25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, dan 100 mg/ml secara in vitro dalam waktu 36 jam mampu mengakibatkan mortalitas Ascaridia galli. The use of yellow pumpkin in Indonesia is still limited to fruit meat that can be processed into snacks such as soggy cakes, porridge and vegetable soup. This research was conducted to determine the mortality of Ascaridia galli in ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne). This study used 25 Ascaridia galli which were divided into 5 groups, group I was negative control using physiological NaCl solution, group II was positive control using 0.5% pirantel pamoate solution, group III, IV and V respectively used 25 mg / ml, 50 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin seeds. The parameters of this study were determined by looking at the percentage of post-incubation scores 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours. A score of 3 is given if the whole body of Ascaridia galli moves, a score of 2 is given if only part of the body of Ascaridia galli moves, a score of 1 if Ascaridia galli is still but still alive, and a score of 0 if Ascaridia galli dies. In vitro test results with 25 mg/ml ethanol extract of pumpkin seeds caused 3 deaths of Ascaridia galli or 60% after incubation for 36 hours, while ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin seeds treated with 50 mg / ml, 100 mg/ml and positive control group resulting in the death of 4 Ascaridia galli or 80% after 36 hours incubation. From the results of the study concluded that the ethanol extract of yellow pumpkin seeds (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) doses of 25 mg / ml, 50 mg / ml, and 100 mg / ml in vitro within 36 hours can lead to Ascaridia galli mortality.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Test from Ekstract of Kirinyuh Leaves to Inhibit Vibrio sp. Bacteria Growth which Caused Ice-ice Diseases in Seaweed (Eucheuma cottoni)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-09
Author(s):  
Lili Suharli ◽  
Baso Mangguntungi ◽  
Riri Rimbun ◽  
Anggih Chaidir ◽  
Arif Muhamad
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Seaweed Cultivation ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Antibacterial Compounds ◽  
Bacteria Growth ◽  
Paper Disk ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Agar Method ◽  
Adverse Environmental Conditions

Indonesia is the largest archipelagic country so it has enormous coastal potential as well. One of the coastal potential that has great benefits for the community is seaweed cultivation. Production of seaweed cultivation in NTB province in 2012 reaches 657,700 tons and increase every year. But in fact, the development of seaweed cultivation business have several obstacles, one of them is the presence of ice-ice disease that infects the seaweed Eucheuma cottoni species. This ice-ice disease causes a decrease in the quality and quantity of seaweed causing crop failure. This ice-ice disease attacks the thallus in the seaweed and causes the seaweed thallus to become brittle and breaks easily due to the lysis of epidermal cells and chloroplasts. The ice-ice disease is caused by a bacterial infection of Vibrio sp. which occurs when seaweed become stress due to adverse environmental conditions such as rising temperatures and salinity. The ice-ice disease can be threat using antibacterial compounds which found in plants such as tannins, flavonoids, and saponins. One of the plants that contain antibacterial is kirinyuh (Chromolaena ordorata). The antibacterial content on kirinuyuh leaves is extracted using a simple maceration method with aquadest as a solvent, and yields of extraction was diluted into concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. Leaf extract of kirinyuh with variation of concentration was tested in vitro condition by using diffusion agar method with paper disk on solid NB media which has been overgrown with Vibrio sp. The result of in vitro test using diffusion agar method with paper disk was obtained that kirinyuh extract is able to inhibit the growth of Vibrio sp. bacteria with the widest inhibit zone is 10.315 mm at 100% concentration.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activities of combination of ethanol extract of Delima fruit (Punica granatum L.) and Sereh stem (Cymbopogon citratus) on Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 5037
Author(s):  
Melia Pebrina ◽  
Indah Komala Sari ◽  
Eliza Arman ◽  
Honesty Diana Morika
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pomegranate Peel Extract

ABSTRACT Background: Pomegranates contain chemical saponins and flavonoids while lemongrass stems have flavonoid chemical compounds. Substances that can inhibit the linking of bacteria are saponins and flavonoids. The most common microorganism found in ulcus diabetikum (ulcer diabetes) is Staphylococcus aureus. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of a combination of pomegranate ethanol extract and ethanol extract of lemongrass stems against S. aureus bacteria.Methods: This study used an experimental design with a complete randomized design study divided into 5 groups: groups 1 (75:25), 2 (50:50), 3 (25:75), positive control (tetracycline) and negative control. Manufacture of pomegranate peel extract and lemongrass stems was done by maceration method for further rotary, after the extract was obtained tested for antibacterial activity by diffusion method using a cylinder. With the test used analysis of variance one way.Results: The results of this study showed that the combination of pomegranate ethanol extract and citronella stem ethanol extract showed activity against S. aureus with a ratio of 15 ul:5 ul, 15 ul:15 ul, 5 ul:15 ul with inhibitory diameter of  respectively 13 mm, 11 mm, 8 mm. Whereas for positive control with chloramphenicol, the inhibition area is 9 mm.Conclusions: Statistically the combination of pomegranate ethanol extract and lemongrass stems has antibacterial power which uses p=0.005 and p<0.05. The combination of pomegranate ethanol extract and lemongrass stems has very strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus due to inhibition zones of 10-20 mm.

Antibacterial Activity of Dacryodes edulis Seed Extracts on Food-Borne Pathogens

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
BA Omogbai ◽  
TO Eneh
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Dacryodes Edulis ◽  
Seed Extracts

The antibacterial effect of aqueous and ethanolic seed extracts of Dacryodes edulis was studied using agar diffusion technique. Extracts tested at a final concentration 2000;g/ml produced in vitro antibacterial activities in assays against food-borne bacterial isolates of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Proteus mirabilis. The highest zone of inhibition was obtained from ethanol extract at 2000;g/ml against Escherichia coli with a diameter of 28mm.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the water extract ranged between 62.5-500;g/ml and 125-1000;g/ml respectively. The MIC and MBC of the ethanol extract ranged between 31.25-250;g/ml and 62.5-500;g/ml. The percentage inhibition of the isolates at 1000;g/ml was more in the ethanol extract (65.4-95.5%) compared to the water extract (30-2-60.2%). This study shows that the extracts of Dacryodes edulis have potential usage as a food preservative and pharmaceutical preparation. Keywords: Dacryodes edulis, Antibacterial activity, Aqueous, Ethanolic, Seed extract

In silico modeling and in vitro activity of vitexin and isovitexin against SGLT2

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (07) ◽  
pp. 1950035
Author(s):  
Yongheng Shi ◽  
Fancui Meng ◽  
Jiping Liu ◽  
Bin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Homology Model ◽  
Binding Mode ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Binding Energies ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
In Silico Modeling ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Dynamics Simulations ◽  
Molecular Docking And Dynamics

The homology model of hSGLT2 (human sodium dependent glucose co-transporter 2) was used as a target for diabetes mellitus. Molecular docking and dynamics simulations were carried out on vitexin- and isovitexin-SGLT2 complexes with dapagliflozin as positive control. The results show that both vitexin and isovitexin have weaker binding energies compared to dapagliflozin, indicating that both ligands may exhibit weak anti-diabetic effects through inhibiting SGLT2. The poor binding mode of vitexin and isovitexin may be responsible for their weak anti-diabetic effect. These results are in accordance with the inhibitory activity against hSGLT2 in vitro test with the inhibitory rate 26.3% of vitexin and 11.2% of isovitexin at the dose of 10[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mol[Formula: see text][Formula: see text][Formula: see text]L[Formula: see text]. The results of calculation and in vitro test may explain the possible inhibiting mechanism of vitexin and isovitexin against SGLT2, and therefore enhance our understanding of the structure-activity relationships of SGLT2 inhibitors.

scholarly journals Uji In Vitro Gabungan Ekstrak Boesenbergia pandurata, Solanum ferox, Zingimber zerumbet terhadap Bakteri Patogen pada Ikan Nila (IN VITRO TEST OF CONCOCTION PLANT EXTRACTS OF BOESENBERGIA PANDURATA, SOLANUM FEROX, ZINGIMBER ZERUMBET

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Esti Handayani Hardi ◽  
Gina Saptiani ◽  
Nurkadina Nurkadina ◽  
Irawan Wijaya Kusuma ◽  
Wiwin Suwinarti
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Vitro Test

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of ethanol concoction (mixed extract) of three herbs plants, such as: Boesenbergia pandurata, Solanum ferox and Zingimber zerumbet against Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas sp. and both bacteria. The Plant extracts were obtained by using ethanol and the concentration of the extract was 600 mgL-1 of B. pandurata, 900 mgL-1 of S. ferox and 200 mgL-1 of Z. zerumbet. The inhibition zone was measured after 6, 12, 18, 24 h incubation at 30o C. The ratios of concoction S. ferox and B. pandurata (for 100 mL solution) were 90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40; 50:50; 40:60; 30:70; 20:80; 10:90. The same ratios were made on the concoction of S. ferox and Z. zerumbet. The concoctions of S. ferox and B. pandurata in the ratio of 50:50 and 60:40, and the concoction of S. ferox and Z. Zerumbet with ratio 60:40 had higher antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila single isolate compared to the other concoctions. Furthermore, the concoction extract of S. ferox and B. pandurate 50:50 and the combined of S. ferox and Z. zerumbet ratio 50:50 and 90:10 were the best combination to inhibit the growth of a single bacterium Pseudomonas sp. The combined S. ferox and B. pandurata ratio 50:50; 10:90 and S. ferox mixed with Z. zerumbet ratio 50:50 and 40:60 were the best combination against the combined bacteria between A. hydrophila and Pseudomonas sp. The conclusion of this research was the combined extract of S. ferox and B. pandurata and S. ferox with Z. zerumbet are effective to suppress the growth of single or combination of A. hydropila and Pseudomonas sp.

scholarly journals Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Novel Myricetin Derivatives Containing Amide, Thioether, and 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Moieties

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghui Ruan ◽  
Cheng Zhang ◽  
Shichun Jiang ◽  
Tao Guo ◽  
Rongjiao Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Better Than

A series of myricetin derivatives containing amide, thioether, and 1,3,4-thiadiazole moieties were designed and synthesized, and their antiviral and antibacterial activities were assessed. The bioassays showed that all the title compounds exhibited potent in vitro antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas citri (Xac), Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs), and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzae (Xoo). In particular, the compounds 5a, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, and 5l, with EC50 values of 11.5–27.3 μg/mL, showed potent antibacterial activity against Xac that was better than the commercial bactericides Bismerthiazol (34.7 μg/mL) and Thiodiazole copper (41.1% μg/mL). Moreover, the in vivo antiviral activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) of the target compounds were also tested. Among these compounds, the curative, protection, and inactivation activities of 5g were 49.9, 52.9, and 73.3%, respectively, which were better than that of the commercial antiviral Ribavirin (40.6, 51.1, and 71.1%, respectively). This study demonstrates that myricetin derivatives bearing amide, thioether, and 1,3,4-thiadiazole moieties can serve as potential alternative templates for the development of novel, highly efficient inhibitors against plant pathogenic bacteria and viruses.

scholarly journals Stabilitas Fisik Sediaan Emulgel Ekstrak Etanol Daging Buah Limpasu (Baccaurea lanceolata (Miq.) Müll. Arg.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Prima Happy Ratnapuri ◽  
Fajrina Haitami ◽  
Mia Fitriana
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
Sunscreen Product

ABSTRAK Ekstrak etanol daging buah limpasu (Baccaurea lanceolata (Miq.). Müll. Arg.) telah teruji memiliki aktivitas tabir surya secara in vitro, sehingga diformulasikan dalam bentuk sediaan emulgel dengan variasi konsentrasi (% b/b) ekstrak etanol daging B.lanceolata FI (4%), FII (5%) dan FIII (6%). Sediaan emulgel yang telah dibuat selanjutnya perlu dilakukan uji stabilitas fisik saat penyimpanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan stabilitas fisik sediaan emulgel ekstrak etanol daging buah B. lanceolata selama penyimpanan. Uji stabilitas fisik dilakukan selama 28 hari pada suhu tinggi 40°±2°C dan suhu ruang 28°C±2°C dengan evaluasi meliputi uji organoleptis, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat dan uji viskositas pada hari ke-0, 7, 14, 21 dan 28. Analisis secara statistik dilakukan dengan software SPSS 21 pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian pada formula I, II, dan III dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak menunjukkan bahwa penyimpanan selama 28 hari pada suhu tinggi 40°±2°C dan ruang 28°C±2°C tidak mempengaruhi kestabilan pH, viskositas, daya sebar dan daya lekat gel (p>0,050). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sediaan emulgel ekstrak etanol daging B. lanceolata stabil secara fisik selama 28 hari pada suhu tinggi 40°±2°C dan suhu ruang 28°C±2°C. Kata Kunci: Baccaurea lanceolata, ekstrak etanol, emulgel, stabilitas fisik.  ABSTRACT Limpasu (Baccaurea lanceolata (Miq.). Müll. Arg.) fructus ethanol extract has been reported as sunscreen activity by in vitro test, so that it could be formulated in sunscreen product with their concentration variances FI (4%), FII (5%) and FIII (6%) (% b/b). The further this preparation needs to be tested for physical stability during storage. This study aimed to determine the emulgel stability physically of B.lanceolata fructus ethanol extract during storage. Physical stability test was performed at high temperature 40°±2°C and room temperature of 28°±2oC during 28 days with evaluation including organoleptic, pH, dispersive, adhesion power and viscosity test on days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Statistical analysis, SPSS 21 software at 95% confidence level. This study results, formula I, II, and III with their concentration variances showed that storage for 28 days at high temperature 40°±2°C and 28°±2° C didn’t affect the pH, viscosity, dispersive, adhesion power stability (p>0,050). The conclusion of this study showed that the emulgel preparation of B. lanceolata fructus ethanol extract were physically stable for 28 days at high temperature of 40°±2°C and room temperature of 28°C±2°C. Keywords: Baccaurea lanceolata, ethanol extract, emulgel, physical stability

scholarly journals Synthesis and evaluation trypanosomicidal activity of new derivatives of megazol

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Helena B. Leites ◽  
Flávia S. Damasceno ◽  
Ariel M. Silber ◽  
Ronaldo Z. Mendonça ◽  
Cristina Northfleet de Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Biological Part ◽  
Amide Derivatives ◽  
Vitro Test ◽  
South Americans ◽  
Derivatives Of

Objective: This work aims at the synthesis of megazol analogs with antitrypanosomicidal activity. Chagas’disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and is a debilitating disease that has both acute and chronic forms. Many South Americans suffer from the chronic form of Chagas’disease, and there is no treatment currently available.Methods: In the chemical part, classical techniques of heterocyclic synthesis as well as usual methods of identification were used. In the biological part the cell proliferation test was used in vitro and the IC 50.Results: We synthesized a series of derivatives of 2-(1-methyl-5-nitro-2-imidazolyl)-5-substituted-1,3,4-thiadiazoles where 1-acetyl, 1-propyl and 1-nonyl were used as the substituent (4,6,7). Derivatives without nitro group were also synthesized (3,12) along with thiosemicarbazones (8,9,10) and a 5-(5-nitro-2-furanyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-amine (11). These compounds were evaluated using an in vitro test where were measured the cell proliferation. The derivatives that obtained the best results underwent further tests, in which their IC50 was calculated. The data revealed that two compounds (4,6) were effective against the parasite (IC50= 0.354 µM; IC50= 2.13 µM) and besides that, obtained the same results as the positive control, antimycim and rotenone. All proposed structures were obtained in satisfactory yields and purities.Conclusions: In conclusion, the in vitro trypanocidal activity makes these compounds promising leads in the development of an effective therapeutic agent. However, this study must be completed by additional tests with in vitro amastigote/macrophage models or in vivo mouse models. Analyzing the amide derivatives, compounds (4) and (6) were the ones that presented the best results.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of Ethanol Extract of Legundi (Vitex trifolia L.) Leaves against Staphylococcus aureus in Drosophila Infection Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 13989-13996
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Survival Assay ◽  
Colony Forming Assay

Research to discover certain medicinal plants' antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was mostly performed in vitro. The purpose of this research was to investigate the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of legundi leaves (EELL) against S. aureus using model organism Drosophila melanogaster. The extract was prepared by the maceration method using 70% ethanol. The antibacterial activities of EELL were determined by using fly survival assay and bacterial colony-forming assay. Fly survival assay was conducted to investigate the extracts' ability to enhance the survival of D. melanogaster (host) upon S. aureus infection. The results demonstrated that both EELL were able to increase the survival rate of the S. aureus-infected Drosophila. Furthermore, a colony-forming assay was carried out to determine the growth of bacteria in the host body that has been considered an important pathogenic factor for the host. The result found that the number of bacteria recovered from the EELL-treated infected flies was significantly lower than the ones obtained from the infected flies without any treatments. Overall, EELL protects the S. aureus-infected hosts, suggesting the potential antibacterial effect of EELL against S. aureus.

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