scholarly journals Assessment of the Contamination of Some Foodstuffs byEscherichia coliO157 in Benin, West Africa

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honoré Sourou Bankole ◽  
Victorien Tamègnon Dougnon ◽  
Roch Christian Johnson ◽  
T. J. Dougnon ◽  
Boniface Yehouenou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
West Africa ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Pathogenic Bacterium ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
E Coli

Escherichia coliO157 is a pathogenic bacterium causing haemorrhagic colitis. It represents a serious public health problem in Northern America and Europe, which can plague Africa. Most cases of mentioned poisoning were related to contaminated meat products and vegetables. The present work aimed to estimate the prevalence ofE. coliO157 in meat and vegetables in Benin. For this purpose, 6 lots of faeces samples from pigs and 8 from cattle were collected at the farms on the outskirts of Cotonou. Similarly, 20 samples of carcasses, 20 samples of intestines and stomach, and 20 surfaces samples of slaughtering equipment were taken. Vegetables and environment materials in gardens have also been sampled for 84 samples. Bacteriological analyses revealed a percentage of contamination of 50% for pig faeces and 25% for cattle ones. All the meats from stalling parks have been contaminated by this bacterium. For vegetables, 14.6% of samples were contaminated byE. coliO157. The presence of this pathovar in animal breeding and slaughtering environment and in the gardens shows that Benin is not aware of the risks of foodborne illness associated with the consumption of contaminated products. Therefore, it urges including that germ in a systematic search during safety control of food products in Benin.

scholarly journals Prevalence of diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli in children from León, Nicaragua

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 630-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Vilchez ◽  
Daniel Reyes ◽  
Margarita Paniagua ◽  
Filemon Bucardo ◽  
Roland Möllby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diarrhoeal Disease ◽  
Severe Diarrhoea ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Samples

Diarrhoeal disease is a public health problem worldwide, mostly affecting children in developing countries. In Nicaragua, diarrhoea is the second greatest cause of infant mortality. During the period March 2005 to September 2006, a total of 526 faecal samples from children aged 0–60 months (381 with and 145 without diarrhoea) from León, Nicaragua, were studied. In order to detect five different diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes simultaneously [enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enterohaemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC)], a mixture of eight primer pairs was used in a single PCR. At least one diarrhoeagenic E. coli pathotype was detected in 205 samples (53.8 %) of the diarrhoea group and in 77 samples (53.1 %) in the non-diarrhoea group. ETEC was detected significantly more often in children with diarrhoea (20.5 %) than in children without diarrhoea (8.3 %) (P=0.001). Atypical EPEC, EIEC and EAEC were detected with slightly lower frequencies in children with (16.0, 0.8 and 27.8 %, respectively) than in children without (20.7, 1.4 and 33.1 %, respectively) diarrhoea. EHEC was only detected in children with diarrhoea (2.1 %). In conclusion, ETEC continues to be an important agent associated with diarrhoea in children from León, Nicaragua. Although not very frequent, the only findings that were 100 % associated with diarrhoea were ETEC estA (4.7 %) and EHEC (2.1 %). Nevertheless, EAEC and EPEC were also frequent pathotypes in the population under study. In children with severe diarrhoea, more than half had EAEC, ETEC or EPEC, and EAEC was the most prevalent pathotype.

Detection of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli Strains: Can Fish Commonly Used in Raw Preparations such as Sushi and Sashimi Constitute a Public Health Problem?

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 1130-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
VANESSA SILVA ◽  
JOÃO NUNES ◽  
ANÍCIA GOMES ◽  
ROSA CAPITA ◽  
CARLOS ALONSO-CALLEJA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Raw Fish

ABSTRACT We studied 50 antimicrobial resistance mechanisms associated with Escherichia coli strains isolated from five species of commercial fish to evaluate the carriage and type of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in these isolates. One hundred fifty samples of fresh raw fish were collected from large supermarkets and fish markets in northern Portugal during 2017. Thirty samples from each species were screened for the presence of E. coli and ESBL-producing E. coli. The samples were spread onto Levine plates with or without cefotaxime (2 μg/mL). The sensitivity of the isolates was determined for 16 antibiotics. The resistance and virulence genes were investigated by PCR. From the 150 samples, 45 E. coli isolates were recovered, and 3 of these isolates produced ESBL. All of these ESBL-producing isolates were resistant to β-lactams and harbored the blaCTX-M-1 and blaTEM genes, and all belonged to phylogenetic group A. One ESBL-producing E. coli isolate also was resistant to tetracycline and harbored the tet(A) gene, and another isolate was resistant to streptomycin and harbored the aadA gene. The remaining E. coli isolates were resistant to individual or combinations of the following antibiotics: tetracycline (16 isolates), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (10 isolates), streptomycin (9 isolates), ampicillin (8 isolates), and chloramphenicol (2 isolates). The blaTEM, tet(A), aadA, and cmlA genes and combinations of sul genes were detected among most isolates that were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, respectively. The unmonitored and excessive use of antibiotics in aquatic environments promotes the development and propagation of antimicrobial resistance, and fish can be reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes, which can easily be transmitted to humans through the consumption of raw fish, creating a public health problem. HIGHLIGHTS

scholarly journals The survival of salmonellas on finger-tips and transfer of the organisms to foods

1971 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. S. Pether ◽  
R. J. Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
General Population ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Public Health Laboratory ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Central Public Health ◽  
Hand Wash ◽  
Finger Tip

SUMMARYThe survival of salmonellas on the finger-tips is considered with reference to the ease with which they can be transferred to food by handling.Escherichia coli and several Salmonella serotypes were shown to survive on the finger-tips for various periods of time, for example, S. anatum could be recovered 3 hr. after artificially contaminating them with between 500 and 2000 organisms. S. anatum could also be recovered from the finger-tips after contaminating them with more than 6000 organisms followed by a 15 sec. hand-wash 10 min. later. Similarly, the survivors from minimal inocula of less than 100 S. anatum/finger-tip were, after 10 min., still capable of infecting samples of corned beef and ham. E. coli was isolated from the finger-tips of 13 of 110 butchers soon after they had left the meat line at a meat products factory, but was not detected on the finger-tips of 100 volunteers at the Central Public Health Laboratory.The implications of the present findings to the spread of salmonellas from raw to cooked foods, and the relevance of this to outbreaks of Salmonella infection in the general population and in hospitals, are discussed.

scholarly journals Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome: An Increasingly Recognized Public Health Problem

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117954761878513
Author(s):  
Takuya Murakami ◽  
Tetsu Akimoto ◽  
Tomoyuki Yamazaki ◽  
Hiromichi Yoshizawa ◽  
Mari Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Colitis ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Uremic Syndrome

A 28-year-old man was referred and admitted to our hospital due to Escherichia coli O157–mediated hemorrhagic colitis with severe thrombocytopenia. A systemic workup concluded that the patient had acute pancreatitis as well as hemolytic uremic syndrome. The patient was ultimately discharged, with his platelet count having recovered. Our case serves an illustrative example of potentially serious complications of an increasingly recognized public health problem. Systemic studies on this topic are insufficient, and we strongly recommend the further accumulation of more experiences like ours. Several diagnostic and management concerns that emerged in this case are also discussed.

scholarly journals Serotipos y aislamientos de Escherichia coli productora del subtipo Stx2 de la toxina Shiga provenientes de canales y heces de ganado bovino

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1030-1044
Author(s):  
Nydia Edith Reyes-Rodriguez ◽  
Jeannette Barba-León ◽  
Armando Navarro-Ocaña ◽  
Vicente Vega-Sanchez ◽  
Fabian Ricardo Gómez De Anda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Final Point ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Past ◽  
De Medicina ◽  
Stx2 Gene

Shiga toxin E. coli (STEC) is an important pathogen responsible for foodborne illness, this have been related with epidemic outbreaks in the past, mainly because of consumption of bovine meat. The objective of this study was identify the serotypes and Stx2 subtypes and associate them with their possible epidemiology. There were analyzed a total of 65 isolates from the collection of the Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados en Salud Animal, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia of the Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, from carcasses and feces of bovines at three different Municipal slaughterhouses. The identification of Stx2 gene by PCR at final point, sequencing and analyzed with the help of BLAST software. There were found O157:H7, O70:H16, O91:H10, O112ac:H2, O128ac:H26 serotypes, which have been reported to be present at infectious outbreaks previously by foodborne worldwide; 63.07% (41/65) of the Escherichia coli strains got amplified for Stx2 and after BLAS analysis it was confirmed its presence and a hypothetic protein. The presence of this serotypes in combination with different subtype’s, Stx2a, Stx2c, Stx2d, in carcasses and feces of bovine in must be considered as a potential risk for diseases an important problem of the public health.

scholarly journals Development of a Gold Nanoparticle Vaccine against Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier I. Sanchez-Villamil ◽  
Daniel Tapia ◽  
Alfredo G. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Gold Nanoparticle ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Safety Control ◽  
E Coli

ABSTRACT Here we exploit the natural properties of a synthetic nanoparticle (NP) scaffold as a subunit vaccine against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC). Two EHEC-specific immunogenic antigens, namely, LomW and EscC, either alone or in combination, were covalently linked on the surface of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and used to immunize mice prior to challenge with EHEC O157:H7 strain 86-24. LomW is a putative outer membrane protein encoded in bacteriophage BP-933W, while EscC is a structural type III secretion system protein which forms a ring in the outer membrane. The resulting AuNP preparations, AuNP-LomW and AuNP-EscC, showed that the nanoparticles were able to incorporate the antigens, forming stable formulations that retained robust immunogenicity in vivo after subcutaneous immunization. When administered subcutaneously, AuNP-LomW or AuNP-EscC or a combination containing equivalent amounts of both candidates resulted in higher IgG titers in serum and secretory IgA titers in feces. The serum IgG titers correlated with a significant reduction in EHEC intestinal colonization after 3 days postinoculation. In addition, we showed that serum from antigen-coated AuNP-immunized mice resulted in a reduction of adherence to human intestinal epithelial cells for EHEC, as well as for two other E. coli pathotypes (enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC], encoding EscC, and enteroaggregative E. coli [EAEC], encoding LomW). Further, the serum had antigen-specific bactericidal properties, engaging the classical complement pathway. Overall, our results demonstrate the immunogenicity and stability of a novel nanovaccine against EHEC. These results also strengthen the prospect of development of a synthetic nanoparticle vaccine conjugated to E. coli antigens as a promising platform against other enteric pathogens. IMPORTANCE Enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157:H7 is a human pathogen and the causative agent of diarrhea and hemorrhagic colitis, which can progress to hemolytic uremic syndrome. These complications represent a serious global public health problem that requires laborious public health interventions and safety control measures to combat recurrent outbreaks worldwide. Today, there are no effective interventions for the control of EHEC infections, and, in fact, the use of antibiotics is counterindicated for EHEC disease. Therefore, a viable alternative for the prevention of human infections is the development of vaccines; however, no such vaccines are approved for human use. In this study, we developed a novel gold nanoparticle platform which acts as a scaffold for the delivery of various antigens, representing a nanovaccine technology which can be applied to several disease models.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli O157:H7 Causing Diarrhoea in Children at District Khairpur

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Samina Jatoi ◽  
Sham Lal ◽  
Pardeep Kumar ◽  
Abdul Majid Ansari ◽  
Safdar Ali Ujjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli

Aim: Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence, levels of antimicrobial susceptibility and extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production by Escherichia coli O157: H7. Methodology: A cross sectional study was performed and a total of 116 stool samples were collected from children aged ≤ 5 years presenting diarrhoea from hospital located at district Khairpur. E. coli O157: H7 was isolated on Sorbitol MacConkey agar and isolates were initially characterized by Gram staining. Subsequently biochemical characteristics except oxidase test (which was performed manually) and drug sensitivity test was performed by using Automated MicroScan® walkaway machine. ESBL production by isolates was determined by disc diffusion method as per Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: Out of 116 diarrheal samples tested, 16 (13.79%) samples were positive for E. coli O157:H7. High number of E. coli O157: H7 were isolated from children aged up to 1 year followed by 2-3 years aged. Isolates were frequently found in summer season (12 times) followed by winter (3 times) and Autumn (1 time). The isolates were found 100% resistant against Nalidixic acid, Imipenem, Amoxycillin /Clavulanic Acid, Norfloxacin, Chloramphenicol, Vancomycin, Doxycycline, and Ampicillin and 90% resistant to Cifixime. ESBL production was noted in 12 (75%) out of 16 E. coli O157:H7 isolates as confirmed by CLSI protocol. Conclusion: This study revealed that E. coli O157: H7 should be considered as major pathogenic bacterium causing diarrhea in children less than three years. The prevalence of ESBL producer MDR E. coli O157: H7 is of great concern, which requires monitoring of infection control measures through efficient antimicrobial management to ensure an uncompromised public health.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of E. coli Isolated from Raw Cow Milk and Fresh Fruit Juice in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haftay Abraha Tadesse ◽  
Netsenet Berhe Gidey ◽  
Kidane Workelule ◽  
Hagos Hailu ◽  
Seyfe Gidey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Fruit Juice ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Resistance Profile ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile

Aim. Foodborne illnesses represent a public health problem in developed and developing countries. They cause great suffering and are transmitted directly or indirectly between animals and humans and circulate in the global environment. E. coli are among them, causing a major public health problem. The aim of this study was therefore to study the antimicrobial resistance profile of E. coli from raw cow milk and fruit juice. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2016 to June 2017 on 258 samples collected from milk shops (n=86), dairy farms (n=86), and fruit juice (n=86) in different subcities of Mekelle. Bacteriological procedures were used for isolation of E. coli in the collected samples and for identification of the antimicrobial resistance profile. Result. The overall mean viable bacterial count and standard deviation of samples from milk shop, fruit juice, and dairy milk were found to be 8.86 ± 107, 7.2 ± 107, and 8.65 ± 107 CFU/ml and 33.87 ± 106, 6.68 ± 106, and 22.0 ± 106, respectively. Of the samples tested, 39 from milk shops (45.35%), 20 from fruit juice (23.26%), and 24 from dairy farms (27.91%) were found to be positive for E. coli. The isolated E. coli were highly resistant to ampicillin (70%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (60%), clindamycin (80%), erythromycin (60%), chloramphenicol (50%), and kanamycin (50%) and were found to be susceptible to some antibiotics like gentamicin (100%), norfloxacin (100%), tetracycline (60%), polymyxin B (90%), and ciprofloxacin (90%). Conclusion. The current study supports the finding that raw milk and fruit juice can be regarded as critical source of pathogenic E. coli. This supports the need for strict monitoring and the implementation of effective hygienic and biosecurity measures in the whole food chain of these products as well as a prudent use of antimicrobials.

scholarly journals Enterohaemorrhagic E.coli O157 in locally produced soft cheese

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Fadia Abd AL-Muhsin Al-Khyat
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Serological Test ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Normal Flora ◽  
Soft Cheese ◽  
The Mean

Escherichia coli is consedered to be one of the normal flora of the humanand animal intestinal tract, but there are some serotypes which are diagnosedas a pathogenic such as Enteroheamorrhagic E.coli O157 that cause diseaseranging in severity from mild to lethal and it's significant as a major foodbornepathogen and as a public health problem. The purpose of this studywas to provide the prevalence of E.coli and E.coli O157 in locally producedsoft cheeses, detection and enumeration were carried out using specificdifferential media (CT.SMAC,E.M.B.), serological test (Latex O157) andbiochemical test.A total of 50 samples of locally produced soft cheeses were collected fromsupermarket in Baghdad City during the period from April till the end ofMay 2007. The result revealed that there was a significant (P<0.05)difference in the isolation percentage, E.coli was isolated from 47 samples(94%) while E.coli O157 isolated from 40 samples (80%). The data alsorevealed that there was a significant (P<0.05) difference in the mean ofmicrobial counts E.coli and E.coli O157 recorded (4.7x106 , 2.4x105CFU/g) respectively. These result suggest that the serotype O157 isprevalent within dairy product and processing environment.

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