Religion, Acculturation, and Incarceration: Determinants of Substance Use among Hispanic Adults in the United States

Objective. The influence of religion, acculturation, and incarceration on substance abuse has been studied, though predominantly among adolescents. Little research exists on how such factors influence substance use among Hispanic adults. The objective of this study was to assess key determinants of substance use among Hispanic adults.Methods. Public access 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was utilized. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted while accounting for complex survey design to obtain population-weighted estimates. Receiver operator curve analysis was used to evaluate the relative contribution of each variable.Results. Importance of religious influence in life and Spanish language interview were associated with lower odds of substance use, while history of incarceration increased the likelihood of substance use among Hispanic adults. Other factors associated with lower odds were increasing age, being female, and currently married. Other factors associated with increased odds were high school graduate and some college in addition to living above the 200% federal poverty level.Discussion. Results from this study add to the limited body of the literature on determinants of substance use among Hispanic adults. Health education measures should target acculturated Hispanic adults and those with incarceration history to reduce substance use.

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“You’re Ganja Have a Good Time”: Investigating the Roots of Blunt Use Among a National Sample of Hispanic Adults

Hispanic Health Care International ◽

10.1177/1540415319882665 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

R. Andrew Yockey ◽

Keith A. King ◽

Rebecca A. Vidourek

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Substance Use ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

The United States ◽

Good Time ◽

Assistance Program ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Hispanic Adults

Blunt use is a pressing public health problem in the United States. While most studies have focused on African American youth, there remains a paucity of research examining blunt use among Hispanic individuals. Previous findings, which are quite limited, suggest mixed results, thus warranting further investigation regarding the prevalence of blunt use among Hispanic individuals and factors associated with such use. In accord with Jessor’s problem behavior theory, we hypothesized that prior use of illicit substances and certain psychosocial risk factors pose an increased risk for blunt use among Hispanic adults. A secondary analysis examined prior substance use and psychosocial factors of 10,216 Hispanic lifetime blunt users participating in the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Findings revealed that one in five (20.5%) Hispanic individuals reported lifetime blunt use. Significant risk factors associated with blunt use were age (18+ years or older), participation in a government assistance program, prior illicit substance use, and changes in appetite or weight. Additional research on other risk factors, prevention mechanisms, and treatment interventions for Hispanic individuals who use blunts is warranted.

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Substance use patterns and factors associated with changes over time in a cohort of heterosexual women at risk for HIV acquisition in the United States

Drug and Alcohol Dependence ◽

10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.007 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 139 ◽

pp. 93-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Irene Kuo ◽

Carol E. Golin ◽

Jing Wang ◽

Danielle F. Haley ◽

James Hughes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

At Risk ◽

Substance Use ◽

The United States ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Use Patterns ◽

Heterosexual Women ◽

Hiv Acquisition ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

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884. Title: Factors Associated with Lack of Viral Suppression Among Women Living with HIV in the United States: An Integrative Review

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofab466.1079 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S533-S534

Author(s):

Titilola Labisi ◽

Nada Fadul ◽

Jason Coleman ◽

Anthony Podany ◽

Keyonna King

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Substance Use ◽

Health Insurance ◽

Viral Suppression ◽

Common Factors ◽

The United States ◽

Related Factors ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Women Living With Hiv ◽

Living With Hiv

Abstract Background Women account for 19% of new HIV cases in the United States (US). Transgender women are 49 times more likely than other groups to be diagnosed with HIV. HIV is one of the top ten causes of death among women between 25 to 44 years. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and consequent viral suppression (VS) are keys to preventing sexual transmission, risk of drug resistance, and improving health outcomes. Hence, it is essential to identify factors behind VS in women living with HIV (WLWH). Methods This review identified and synthesized peer-reviewed studies describing reasons for lack of VS among WLWH in the US. : Using the PRISMA model, we searched CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and PsycINFO, then selected US studies published from 2010 to April 2021. Studies that included men, non-adults, ongoing studies, and foreign studies were excluded. 1,359 studies were assessed and screened for duplicate and eligibility. PRISMA Model Results 15 studies were eligible for review; 8 included all WLWH, 5 focused on pregnant WLWH, 1 included only African American WLWH and 1 included only transgender WLWH. Based on study participants and findings, results were divided into pregnancy and non-pregnancy-related factors. Pregnancy-related factors: Early ART initiation and group prenatal care improved care retention and VS. WLWH in cities were more likely to be virally suppressed at delivery than those in rural regions. Intimate partner violence (IPV) was associated with poor ART adherence and time to achieve stable VS. Also, being postpartum was associated with high viral load regardless of ART. Non-pregnancy-related factors: The most reported common factors were substance use and IPV. Other factors included social determinants of health, age, race, health insurance, income, number of pills, and regimen. Transgender-specific factors were stress, race, age, relationship, transphobic experiences, gender satisfaction, and adherence to hormone therapy. Conclusion Substance use, income, mental health, health insurance, race, and ART regimen were the most common factors associated with VS in WLWH. There was paucity of data on transgender-specific VS factors. More research is needed to explore VS and treatment adherence amongWLWH, especially transgender women. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Abstract TMP75: Recanalization Therapy is Associated with Lower Odds of 30-Day Readmission: An Analysis of the Nationwide Readmission Database

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.tmp75 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Farhaan Vahidy ◽

John Donnelly ◽

Louise McCoullough ◽

Charles Miller ◽

Jon Tyson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Survival Data ◽

Survey Design ◽

Primary Diagnosis ◽

Index Hospitalization ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Weighted Estimates ◽

Design Variables ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Nationwide Readmission Database ◽

Iv Tpa

Introduction: Readmission for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is an important quality of care metric, and has been tied to reimbursement penalties. We aimed to describe nationwide readmission for AIS patients, and the potential impact of IV-tPA and Intra Arterial Treatment (IAT) on 30-day readmission. Methods: We analyzed the 2013 Nationwide Readmission Database, a nationally representative, weighted probability sample of ~ 36 million discharges from short-term hospitals. We used ICD-9 codes to identify patients with diagnosis of AIS (434.x1, 434.x1, 439), and patients receiving IV-tPA (99.1) or IAT (39.74). We excluded repeat, pediatric, and same-day events, and discharges in December. We defined readmissions as any admission within 30-days of index hospitalization discharge. Using published methods, we classified events as planned or unplanned, and identified readmissions attributable to potentially preventable ambulatory care-sensitive conditions. Logistic regression, using survey design variables, was performed to report nationally-weighted estimates of odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs for factors associated with readmission. Results: A total of 319,317 index cases were identified with a primary diagnosis of AIS. Figure 1 illustrates the overall and therapy specific proportions for 30-day readmissions. Overall 12.1% (95% CI: 11.9 -12.3) of AIS patients were readmitted during 30-day post index hospitalization discharge. After adjustment, both IV-tPA and IAT were significantly associated with lower odds of 30-day readmission. For patients receiving either IV-tPA or undergoing IAT, the OR for 30-day readmission was 0.71 (CI: 0.66 - 0.77). Subgroup analyses for patients older than 65, and reasons for readmission will be presented. Conclusion: Recanalization therapy for AIS is associated with 23-34% lower odds of readmission. Analyses are limited by lack of survival data; however, thrombolysis has not shown to increase mortality in clinical trials.

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First Comes Cohabitation and then Comes Marriage?

Journal of Family Issues ◽

10.1177/019251302237303 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 23 (8) ◽

pp. 1065-1087 ◽

Cited By ~ 92

Author(s):

WENDY D. MANNING ◽

PAMELA J. SMOCK

Keyword(s):

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Initial Step ◽

The United States ◽

Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Family Growth ◽

Lower Socioeconomic ◽

Cohabiting Couples ◽

Race Ethnicity

Recent evidence indicates an overall retreat from marriage. Cohabitation has contributed to this trend as cohabiting unions are increasingly not resulting in marriage. As an initial step in understanding why some cohabiting couples do not marry, the authors examine factors associated with cohabitors' marriage expectations. The authors focus particularly on the effects of socioeconomic status and race/ethnicity because prior research has suggested that the retreat from marriage in the United States has been more marked among Blacks than among non-Hispanic Whites or Hispanics and also for those of lower socioeconomic status. Using the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth, we find Black cohabiting women have lower odds of expecting marriage. However, for all race and ethnic groups the probability of expecting to marry depends on men's socioeconomic position.

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Age of Onset and Its Related Factors in Cocaine or Methamphetamine Use in Adults from the United States: Results from NHANES 2005–2018

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182212259 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (22) ◽

pp. 12259

Author(s):

Alexandre Arthur Guerin ◽

Jee Hyun Kim

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Substance Use ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

The United States ◽

Annual Household Income ◽

Related Factors ◽

Methamphetamine Use ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Other Substances ◽

Nationally Representative

Cocaine and methamphetamine are widely used illicit psychostimulants worldwide, with steadily increasing global markets that may impact on the frequency of use. Importantly, their use typically begins in youth. This is a particular concern because there is a link between the early age of first substance use and severity of substance use disorder later in life. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate trends in prevalence, frequency, and age of onset of cocaine or methamphetamine use between 2005 and 2018 in the United States, using the nationally representative NHANES datasets. Factors associated with the ages of cocaine or methamphetamine use onset were also identified. From 2005 to 2018, prevalence and frequencies of cocaine or methamphetamine use increased, while age of onset remained relatively stable (~20 years of age). Annual household income, use of other substances, and intravenous drug use were identified as factors associated with early onset cocaine or methamphetamine use. These factors have important implications toward developing new prevention programs to reduce psychostimulant use.

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Prevalence and correlates of non-fatal overdose among people who use drugs: findings from rapid assessments in Massachusetts, 2017–2019

Harm Reduction Journal ◽

10.1186/s12954-021-00538-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shikhar Shrestha ◽

Thomas J. Stopka ◽

Jaclyn M. W. Hughto ◽

Patricia Case ◽

Wilson R. Palacios ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

People Who Use Drugs ◽

Opioid Overdose ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Services Utilization ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Fatal Overdose ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Utilization Data ◽

Study Participants

Abstract Background People who experience non-fatal overdose (NFOD) are at high risk of subsequent overdose. With unprecedented increases in fentanyl in the US drug supply, many Massachusetts (MA) communities have seen a surge in opioid-related overdoses. The objective of this study was to determine factors associated with lifetime and past year NFOD in at-risk MA communities. Methods We conducted multiple rapid assessments among people who use drugs (PWUD) in eight MA communities using non-probability sampling (purposive, chain referral, respondent-driven) methods. We collected sociodemographic, substance use, overdose history, substance use treatment, and harm reduction services utilization data. We examined the prevalence of NFOD (lifetime and past year) and identified factors associated with NFOD through multivariable logistic regression analyses in a subset of 469 study participants between 2017 and 2019. Results The prevalence of lifetime and last year non-fatal opioid overdose was 62.5% and 36.9%, respectively. Many of the study participants reported heroin (64%) and fentanyl (45%) use during the 30 days preceding the survey. Nonprescription buprenorphine and fentanyl use were independently associated with higher odds of lifetime NFOD, while marijuana use was associated with lower odds of lifetime NFOD (p < 0.05). Injection as the route of administration, benzodiazepine, nonprescription buprenorphine, heroin, and fentanyl use were independently associated with higher odds, while methadone use was associated with lower odds of past year NFOD (p < 0.05). Conclusion We documented a high prevalence of past year and lifetime NFOD among PWUD in MA. Our findings provide indicators that can help inform interventions to prevent overdoses among PWUD, including overdose prevention, medication treatment, and naloxone distribution.

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