“You’re Ganja Have a Good Time”: Investigating the Roots of Blunt Use Among a National Sample of Hispanic Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
R. Andrew Yockey ◽  
Keith A. King ◽  
Rebecca A. Vidourek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The United States ◽  
Good Time ◽  
Assistance Program ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hispanic Adults

Blunt use is a pressing public health problem in the United States. While most studies have focused on African American youth, there remains a paucity of research examining blunt use among Hispanic individuals. Previous findings, which are quite limited, suggest mixed results, thus warranting further investigation regarding the prevalence of blunt use among Hispanic individuals and factors associated with such use. In accord with Jessor’s problem behavior theory, we hypothesized that prior use of illicit substances and certain psychosocial risk factors pose an increased risk for blunt use among Hispanic adults. A secondary analysis examined prior substance use and psychosocial factors of 10,216 Hispanic lifetime blunt users participating in the 2017 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Findings revealed that one in five (20.5%) Hispanic individuals reported lifetime blunt use. Significant risk factors associated with blunt use were age (18+ years or older), participation in a government assistance program, prior illicit substance use, and changes in appetite or weight. Additional research on other risk factors, prevention mechanisms, and treatment interventions for Hispanic individuals who use blunts is warranted.

Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with First-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Induced Hepatotoxicity in Suratthani Hospital, Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
First Line ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Drug Risk

ackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem, including Thailand. Anti-TB drugs are very effective treatment, but they can cause hepatotoxicity. Data on the prevalence of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH), as well as the contributing risk factors, are scarce in Thailand. Objective: To measure the prevalence and identify risk factors associated with first-line drugs (FLD) induced hepatoxicity in TB patients. Materials and Methods: The present study was a retrospective study design in TB clinic of Suratthani Hospital, in Southern Thailand. All patients diagnosed with TB and received FLD between January and December 2017, were eligible for the study. Hepatoxicity defined as the following criteria: serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels >5x upper limit of normal (ULN) without symptoms, or AST or ALT >3x ULN with clinical symptoms. Results: Of all the 198 TB cases, 18 were identified as DIH. Prevalence of DIH was 9.1%. Hepatitis after FLD was independently associated with age>60 years (adjusted OR [aOR] 28.49, 95% CI 2.68 to 302.95, p=0.005) and serum albumin <3.5 g/dL (aOR 20.97, 95% CI 2.11 to 208.51, p=0.009). Conclusion: Age of more than 60 years and low serum albumin of less than 3.5 g/dL were significant risk factors associated with first-line anti-TB drugs induced hepatoxicity. Keywords: Hepatoxicity, Anti-tuberculosis drug, Risk factor, Thailand

scholarly journals Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism in Children Is Increased in Setting of Cancer or Infection

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 2391-2391
Author(s):  
Harold J. Leraas ◽  
Jina Kim ◽  
Zhifei Sun ◽  
Uttara P. Nag ◽  
Brian D. Ezekian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Thrombotic Risk ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an uncommon but clinically significant postoperative complication in children. Incidence of VTE in pediatric patients ranges from 34-58 per 10,000 hospitalized children1. Due to rarity of these events, there is limited information about the factors predisposing children to VTE after surgery. We queried a national surgical database to identify risks and outcomes associated with VTE in pediatric surgical patients. Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (NSQIP) is a prospectively collected database that records pediatric surgical information, surgical approaches, and 30 day patient outcomes. The database was queried for the years 2012-2013 to identify pediatric patients (age < 18) who had received surgical intervention and were diagnosed with postoperative VTE. Because of their separate coding in NSQIP, we defined VTE as including venous thromboembolism, or pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosed radiographically within 30 days of operation. To reduce non-random differences between patients we used propensity scores based on age, sex, race, BMI, and ASA classification to match patients in a 1:2 ratio using the nearest neighbor method. Using univariate and multivariate analysis, we identified preoperative risk factors associated with VTE. Results: In total, 130 patients were identified who developed VTE postoperatively (VTE n=122, PE n=7, BOTH PE + VTE n= 1) from this database of 114,395 patients. There were 104 patients with VTE that also had complete entries and were subsequently analyzed in this study. Surgical specialties treating patients in this analysis included cardiothoracic surgery, general surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, otolaryngology, plastic surgery, and urology. Eighty-one unique operative CPT codes were identified for patients with VTE. Patients who developed VTE had increased operative time, anesthesia time, and total length of stay (all p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that pneumonia (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 - 2.29), Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.18 - 2.42), sepsis (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.18 - 1.82), septic shock (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.06 - 1.75), and current solid or hematologic malignancy or active treatment of malignancy (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.08 - 1.58) were all statistically significant risk factors associated with development of VTE (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Postoperative VTE risk is significantly increased in children with malignancy or severe infections. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism between malignancy, systemic inflammation, and VTE risk in children. These findings may help to identify patients in need of prophylactic treatment in order to reduce postoperative thrombotic risk in pediatric patients. References: 1. Raffini L, Huang YS, Witmer C, Feudtner C. Dramatic increase in venous thromboembolism in children's hospitals in the United States from 2001 to 2007. Pediatrics. 2009;124(4):1001-1008. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Children with Down Syndrome: Data from the Trisomy 21 Research Society Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 5125
Author(s):  
David Emes ◽  
Anke Hüls ◽  
Nicole Baumer ◽  
Mara Dierssen ◽  
Shiela Puri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Control

Adults with Down Syndrome (DS) are at higher risk for severe outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than the general population, but evidence is required to understand the risks for children with DS, which is necessary to inform COVID-19 shielding advice and vaccination priorities. We aimed to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children with DS. Using data from an international survey obtained from a range of countries and control data from the United States, we compared the prevalence of symptoms and medical complications and risk factors for severe outcomes between DS and non-DS paediatric populations with COVID-19. Hospitalised COVID-19 patients <18 years with DS had a higher incidence of respiratory symptoms, fever, and several medical complications from COVID-19 than control patients without DS <18 years. Older age, obesity, and epilepsy were significant risk factors for hospitalisation among paediatric COVID-19 patients with DS, and age and thyroid disorder were significant risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Mortality rates were low in all paediatric COVID-19 patients (with and without DS), contrasting with previous findings in adults with DS (who exhibit higher mortality than those without DS). Children with DS are at increased risk for more severe presentations of COVID-19. Efforts should be made to ensure the comprehensive and early detection of COVID-19 in this population and to identify children with DS who present comorbidities that pose a risk for a severe course of COVID-19. Our results emphasize the importance of vaccinating children with DS as soon as they become eligible.

A retrospective case-control study to investigate horse and jockey level risk factors associated with horse falls in Irish Point-to-Point races

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-234
Author(s):  
L.J. Smith ◽  
G. Tabor ◽  
J. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Point To Point

Horse racing as a high-risk sport can pose a significant risk to equine welfare. There have been limited epidemiological reviews of fall risk specific to point-to-point racing. This study aimed to identify horse and jockey level risk factors associated with horse falls and compare these to published findings for Hurdle and Steeplechase racing. The study used a retrospective matched case-control design. Relevant variables were identified, and information was collated for all races in the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons. Cases and controls were matched with a 1:3 ratio. Controls (n=2,547) were selected at random from all horses that completed in the same race (n=849). Horse and jockey level variables were analysed through univariable analysis to inform multivariable model building. A final matched case-control multivariable logistic regression model was refined, using fall/no fall as the dependent variable, through a backward stepwise process. Horse age was associated with an increased risk of horse falls. For every 1 unit increase in age there was a 1.2 times increased fall risk. The number of races ran within 12 months was associated with a decreased risk of falling. The jockeys previous seasons percentage wins was associated with the risk of horse falls. Jockeys who had 0-4% wins and 5-9% wins had an increase in risk compared to those who had over 20% wins/runs. The jockeys previous seasons percentage of falls (F) or unseating of the rider (UR) was associated with the risk of horse falls with jockeys who had over 20% F/UR having a 50% increased chance of falling compared to those who had 0-4% F/UR. Retrospective analysis of horse and jockey falls has exposed risk factors that have been previously identified in hurdle and steeplechase racing. Identification of risk factors is essential when considering future research and interventions aimed at improving horse and jockey safety.

Septic Dermatitis of the Neonatal Scalp and Maternal Endomyometritis with Intrapartum Internal Fetal Monitoring

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Marilyn M. Wagener ◽  
Russell Rule Rycheck ◽  
Robert B. Yee ◽  
Joanne F. McVay ◽  
Carol L. Buffenmyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Fetal Monitoring ◽  
Maternal Diabetes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Fetal Scalp ◽  
Pressure Catheter ◽  
Fetal Scalp Blood Sampling

During a 3-month period, 1,062 mother-infant pairs were studied for infections following internal fetal monitoring during labor. Six infants (0.56%) developed septic scalp dermatitis at the site of the spiral electrode application. Factors associated with septic scalp dermatitis included the number of vaginal examinations, the use of an intrauterine pressure catheter or of more than one spiral electrode, and fetal scalp blood sampling. Maternal diabetes and endomyometritis were also associated with an increased risk of scalp infection. The duration of spiral electrode use and duration of ruptured membranes were not significant risk factors. Endomyometritis was documented in 41 mothers, an overall incidence of 3.9%. In women whose babies were delivered by cesarean section, the incidence of endomyometritis was 28/117 (23.9%). Using multivariate analysis by logistic regression, endomyometritis was associated with the number of vaginal examinations during labor but not with the duration of internal monitoring, duration of labor, or duration of ruptured membranes.

scholarly journals Religion, Acculturation, and Incarceration: Determinants of Substance Use among Hispanic Adults in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. Becerra ◽  
Monideepa B. Becerra ◽  
Miryam C. Gerdine ◽  
Jim E. Banta
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Weighted Estimates ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Hispanic Adults

Objective. The influence of religion, acculturation, and incarceration on substance abuse has been studied, though predominantly among adolescents. Little research exists on how such factors influence substance use among Hispanic adults. The objective of this study was to assess key determinants of substance use among Hispanic adults.Methods. Public access 2012 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was utilized. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted while accounting for complex survey design to obtain population-weighted estimates. Receiver operator curve analysis was used to evaluate the relative contribution of each variable.Results. Importance of religious influence in life and Spanish language interview were associated with lower odds of substance use, while history of incarceration increased the likelihood of substance use among Hispanic adults. Other factors associated with lower odds were increasing age, being female, and currently married. Other factors associated with increased odds were high school graduate and some college in addition to living above the 200% federal poverty level.Discussion. Results from this study add to the limited body of the literature on determinants of substance use among Hispanic adults. Health education measures should target acculturated Hispanic adults and those with incarceration history to reduce substance use.

Incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in a multi-ethnic US cohort: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2021-318992
Author(s):  
Ning Cheung ◽  
Miao Li Chee ◽  
Ronald Klein ◽  
Barbara E K Klein ◽  
Steven Shea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Glycosylated Haemoglobin ◽  
Retinal Images ◽  
Ethnic Population ◽  
Ethnic Study ◽  
Factors Associated

AimTo provide contemporary longitudinal data on the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a multi-ethnic population of whites, African Americans, Chinese and Hispanics in the United States.MethodsA prospective, multi-region, multi-ethnic population-based cohort study that included 498 participants with diabetes, aged 45–84 years at baseline, from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with retinal images obtained twice, on average 8 years apart. Presence and severity of DR were graded from these retinal images according to the modified Airlie House classification system. Main outcome measures were 8-year incidence, progression and improvement of DR, and their associated risk factors.ResultsOver the 8 years, the cumulative rates were 19.2% for incident DR, 17.3% for DR progression, 23.3% for DR improvement, 2.7% for incident vision-threatening DR, 1.8% for incident proliferative DR and 2.2% for incident macular oedema. In multivariate analysis, significant risk factors associated with incident DR were higher glycosylated haemoglobin (relative risk (RR) 1.28; 95% CI: 1.16 to 1.41) and higher systolic blood pressure (RR 1.14; 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.25). Significant factors associated with DR progression were higher glycosylated haemoglobin (RR 1.20; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.43) and higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (RR 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00 to 1.03).ConclusionOver an 8-year period, approximately one in five participants with diabetes developed DR, while almost a quarter of those with DR at baseline showed improvement, possibly reflecting the positive impact of clinical and public health efforts in improving diabetes care in the United States over the last two decades.

Risk factors associated with suicide in patients with prostate cancer in the United States.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (31_suppl) ◽  
pp. 84-84
Author(s):  
Manojna Konda ◽  
Rohan Sharma ◽  
Arya Mariam Roy ◽  
Rashmi Verma
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Suicide Death ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Caucasian Race

84 Background: For a patient, receiving a diagnosis of cancer can be quite challenging and is often associated with depression and increased suicidal ideation. Previous studies have indicated that the risk of suicide in cancer patients is twice that of general population. Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. It has also been found to be associated with highest rates of suicide in genitourinary malignancies. We sought to evaluate the incidence and identify risk factors associated with suicide among men with prostate cancer. Methods: Patients with prostate cancer between the years 1973 and 2016 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (SEER). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for suicide death only on variables that were statistically significant in univariate statistical analysis. Results: In 1,307,625 patients with prostate cancer, 3,435 patients had committed suicide. Younger age (≤50 vs > 70: OR = 4.73 , P < 0.0001; 51-70 vs > 70: OR = 1.93, P < 0.04), Caucasian race (OR: 3.61, P < 0.0001) and not undergoing surgery (OR: 1.33, P < 0.0001) were significantly associated with increased risk of suicide. Furthermore, patients with < 1 year since the diagnosis of prostate cancer were also found to be associated with increased risk of suicide death ( < 1 vs > 5 years: OR = 1.46, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Addressing mental health in patients with prostate cancer is an important issue. We found that several factors such as younger age, Caucasian race were significantly associated with risk of suicide. Patients who did not undergo surgery likely had advanced disease, which could explain their increased risk of suicide. Patients with < 1 year since the diagnosis of prostate cancer are more vulnerable and at increased risk of suicide which emphasizes the necessity of identifying and treating patients at risk of suicide as early as possible. It is vital that health care providers recognize these patients and offer them appropriate support.

Genetic Factors and Delayed TSB Monitoring and Treatment as Risk Factors Associated with Severe Hyperbilirubinemia in Term Neonates Admitted for Phototherapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 569-582
Author(s):  
Nem-Yun Boo ◽  
Shwe Sin ◽  
Seok-Chiong Chee ◽  
Maslina Mohamed ◽  
Anita Kaur Ahluwalia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
Serum Bilirubin ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Term Neonates ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to determine whether maternal–fetal blood group isoimmunization, breastfeeding, birth trauma, age when first total serum bilirubin (TSB) was measured, age of admission, and genetic predispositions to hemolysis [due to genetic variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) enzyme], and reduced hepatic uptake and/or conjugation of serum bilirubin [due to genetic variants of solute carrier organic anion transporter protein family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) and uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A1 (UGT1A1)] were significant risk factors associated with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (SNH, TSB ≥ 342µmol/l) in jaundiced term neonates admitted for phototherapy. Methods The inclusion criteria were normal term neonates (gestation ≥ 37 weeks). Parents/care-givers were interviewed to obtain data on demography, clinical problems, feeding practice and age when first TSB was measured. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method was used to detect common G6PD, UGT1A1 and SLCO1B1 variants on each neonate’s dry blood specimens. Results Of 1121 jaundiced neonates recruited, 232 had SNH. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (in days) when first TSB was measured [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.395; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.094–1.779], age (in days) of admission (aOR = 1.127; 95% CI 1.007–1.260) and genetic mutant UGT1A1 promoter A(TA)7TAA (aOR = 4.900; 95% CI 3.103–7.739), UGT1A1 c.686C&gt;A (aOR = 6.095; 95% CI 1.549–23.985), SLCO1B1 c.388G&gt;A (aOR = 1.807; 95% CI 1.242–2.629) and G6PD variants and/or abnormal G6PD screening test (aOR = 2.077; 95% CI 1.025–4.209) were significantly associated with SNH. Conclusion Genetic predisposition, and delayed measuring first TSB and commencing phototherapy increased risk of SNH.

scholarly journals Exploration of the Risk Factors of Generalized and Central Obesity among Adolescents in North Lebanon

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germine El-Kassas ◽  
Fouad Ziade
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Increased Risk

Adolescents’ obesity is an emerging public health problem globally and in the Arab countries. Alarming rates of overweight/obesity have been rising progressively in Lebanon. However, the risk factors for the development of adolescents’ obesity have not yet been thoroughly explored in North Lebanon. To determine the dietary and lifestyle risk factors associated with generalized and central obesity among adolescents living in Tripoli, a cross-sectional survey was conducted including a representative sample of 311 students aged 11–16 years from both sexes chosen from public and private schools in Tripoli. Data were collected using a standardized questionnaire to determine sociodemographic characteristics, dietary patterns, and physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Body mass index (BMI) was evaluated using the Center for Disease Control BMI for age percentiles. Central obesity was assessed using both waist-to-height ratio and gender-specific waist circumference for age indices. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that skipping breakfast and physical inactivity were the most significant independent risk factors associated with both generalized and central obesity. In addition, higher screen time and male gender were associated with increased risk for generalized and central obesity, respectively. Intervention strategies to prevent the development of obesity should be implemented among adolescent students to encourage regular breakfast intake and adopting healthy dietary and lifestyle behaviors.

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