scholarly journals Grade 2 and 3 Obesity and Diagnosed Prostate Cancer in Middle-Aged and Elderly Men: An Epidemiologic Study with Stratified Multistage Sampling Design

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Xuefeng Liu ◽  
Amal Khoury ◽  
Joshua Longcoy ◽  
Joseph Ikekwere
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Design And Methods

Background. The association of obesity with the odds of diagnosed prostate cancer (DPC) is inconclusive. Whether grade 2 or grade 3 obesity is associated with increased odds of DPC has not been investigated. Design and Methods. Cross-sectional data of 7,974 subjects aged ≥40 years were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2010. Odds ratios (ORs) of DPC associated with grade 2 or grade 3 obesity were estimated by conducting weighted logistic regression models. Results. The unadjusted rates of DPC did not differ significantly over grades of BMI (P=0.7044). After adjustment for different groups of potential confounding factors, grade 2 or grade 3 obesity was not significantly associated with the odds of DPC with ORs changing from 0.62 to 0.69 for grade 2 obesity and from 0.81 to 1.09 for grade 3 obesity. Moreover, morbid obesity (grade 2 and 3 obesity combined) was not linked to the odds of DPC. Conclusion. Grade 2 or grade 3 obesity was not associated with the odds of DPC. Whether they are associated with a substantially increased risk of high-grade DPC needs to be further investigated as accumulating evidence has shown that obesity increases the risk of high-grade disease.

scholarly journals Low HbA1c levels and all-cause or cardiovascular mortality among people without diabetes: the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2015

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kosuke Inoue ◽  
Roch Nianogo ◽  
Donatello Telesca ◽  
Atsushi Goto ◽  
Vahe Khachadourian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Mortality ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Hba1c Levels

Abstract Objective It is unclear whether relatively low glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels are beneficial or harmful for the long-term health outcomes among people without diabetes. We aimed to investigate the association between low HbA1c levels and mortality among the US general population. Methods This study includes a nationally representative sample of 39 453 US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 1999–2014, linked to mortality data through 2015. We employed the parametric g-formula with pooled logistic regression models and the ensemble machine learning algorithms to estimate the time-varying risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality by HbA1c categories (low, 4.0 to <5.0%; mid-level, 5.0 to <5.7%; prediabetes, 5.7 to <6.5%; and diabetes, ≥6.5% or taking antidiabetic medication), adjusting for 72 potential confounders including demographic characteristics, lifestyle, biomarkers, comorbidities and medications. Results Over a median follow-up of 7.5 years, 5118 (13%) all-cause deaths, and 1116 (3%) cardiovascular deaths were observed. Logistic regression models and machine learning algorithms showed nearly identical predictive performance of death and risk estimates. Compared with mid-level HbA1c, low HbA1c was associated with a 30% (95% CI, 16 to 48) and a 12% (95% CI, 3 to 22) increased risk of all-cause mortality at 5 years and 10 years of follow-up, respectively. We found no evidence that low HbA1c levels were associated with cardiovascular mortality risk. The diabetes group, but not the prediabetes group, also showed an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Conclusions Using the US national database and adjusting for an extensive set of potential confounders with flexible modelling, we found that adults with low HbA1c were at increased risk of all-cause mortality. Further evaluation and careful monitoring of low HbA1c levels need to be considered.

scholarly journals Risks of Major Mental Disorders and Irritable Bowel Syndrome among the Offspring of Parents with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Nationwide Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4679
Author(s):  
Ta-Chuan Yeh ◽  
Ya-Mei Bai ◽  
Shih-Jen Tsai ◽  
Tzeng-Ji Chen ◽  
Chih-Sung Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Early Implementation ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder that is highly comorbid with mental disorders. However, few studies have examined the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia in the offspring of parents with IBS. We used nationally representative cross-sectional survey data to analyze cross-generational transmission patterns of both IBS and major mental disorders. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated by using logistic regression models with adjustment for potential confounding factors. Offspring of parents with IBS were more likely to develop IBS themselves (OR = 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.09–2.78), ADHD (OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 1.08–1.62), and MDD (OR = 1.32, 95% CI, 1.04–1.68) than the controls. Data stratification by parental sex revealed that paternal IBS increased risk of ADHD (OR = 1.34, 95% CI, 1.01–1.77) in the offspring, while maternal IBS increased the risk of MDD (OR = 1.51, 95% CI, 1.11–2.06). This is the first study to reveal parental IBS is associated with IBS, ADHD, and MDD among offspring, suggesting the necessity for early implementation of prevention strategies for at-risk children.

scholarly journals Association between Eating Away from Home and Hyperuricemia: A Population-Based Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zifeng Liu ◽  
Xiaoting Su ◽  
Mianli Xiao ◽  
Peien Zhou ◽  
Jianwei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Home Food

Hyperuricemia (HU) is a risk factor for different kinds of chronic noncommunicable diseases, and eating away from home (EAFH) may play an important role in their development, which has been ignored greatly so far. This study aimed to investigate the association between EAFH and HU in different models. A cross-sectional study involving 8,322 participants of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) was conducted. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. We found that participants who consumed more away-from-home food had a higher risk for HU, and the adjusted odds ratio (aOR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) (for each increment in grades of EAFH) were 1.11 (1.02, 1.20) in a multiadjusted model (adjusted for age, gender, province, net individual income, body mass index, smoking, leisure-time physical activities, energy intake, and sleep duration). As for stratified analyses, the aOR (95% CI) of EAFH was 1.12 (1.01, 1.24) for men and 1.06 (0.92, 1.21) for women. Similar results can be found in the middle-aged and obese population, with aOR (95% CI) of EAFH as 1.17 (1.05, 1.30) and 1.15 (1.03, 1.29), respectively. In conclusion, EAFH is positively associated with the prevalence of HU.

scholarly journals Tickborne disease awareness and protective practices among U.S. Forest Service employees from the upper Midwest, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Schotthoefer ◽  
Kathryn Stinebaugh ◽  
Michael Martin ◽  
Claudia Munoz-Zanzi
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Forest Service ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Service Employees ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
High Concern

Abstract Background People with occupations that require them to spend time working outdoors in suitable tick habitats are predicted to be at an increased risk for tick-borne diseases (TBDs). However, few studies have assessed the risks of outdoor employees in the United States. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey to collect data on exposure to ticks and TBD infections among U.S. Forest Service employees in a high TBD incidence region of northern Wisconsin, and to examine employee knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding TBDs to help guide future education and prevention programs. Chi-square contingency tables, calculations of odds ratios, and logistic regression models were used to identify associations among self-reported employee factors, the proportion of correctly answered knowledge questions, their ranked concern for TBDs, adherence to practicing preventive behaviors, and willingness to pay for protective measures. Results Ninety-five employees completed the survey. Nearly all respondents (97%) reported recent tick exposure, with 27% reporting encountering 10 or more ticks per week during peak tick season. Employee knowledge of TBD was high (median score: 80% correct). Fifty-nine percent of respondents had high concern for TBDs, and there was high adherence to conducting body checks for ticks (83% reported always doing them), but only moderate use of tick repellents (24% reported always and 60% reported occasionally using). High concern for TBD (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 6.32 [95% confidence intervals, 1.97–20.28]), a history of TBD diagnosis (aOR = 5.88 [1.41–24.55]), and older age (≥ 46 years) (aOR = 3.29 [1.00–10.84]) were positively associated with high practice adherence. Respondents suggested they would be willing to pay for personal protective methods and get a hypothetical vaccine for Lyme disease, but not community-wide efforts to control ticks. Conclusions Our study provides evidence that U.S. Forest Service employees in Wisconsin represent a high risk group for TBD, and despite relatively high TBD knowledge and engagement in tick protection activities, efforts are needed to reduce their risks for tick bites. More generally, our findings suggest that studies to better understand the factors related to the adoption and effectiveness of public health interventions are needed.

scholarly journals Social and Psychological Predictors of Initial Cigarette Smoking Experience

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walieh Menati ◽  
Milad Nazarzadeh ◽  
Zeinab Bidel ◽  
Morten Würtz ◽  
Rostam Menati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Social Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Multistage Sampling ◽  
Psychological Risk ◽  
The City

Knowledge about social and psychological risk factors for initial cigarette smoking experience (ICSE) is sparse. The present study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ICSE and to examine the psychological and social factors related to ICSE. In a cross-sectional survey, 1,511 male college students were recruited using multistage sampling techniques from four universities located within the city of Ilam, Iran. Self-administered multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to students from March to June 2013. Risk factors for ICSE were evaluated using logistic regression models. Participants were 22.3 ± 2.4 years of age. ICSE prevalence was 30.6%. In multivariable adjusted analysis, risk taking behavior (odds ratio [OR] = 1.61; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-2.33), perceived peer smoking prevalence (OR = 2.48; 95% CI = 1.03-5.97), positive thoughts about smoking (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.02-1.10), high self-efficacy ( OR = 0.95, 95% CI [0.93, 0.98]), presence in smokers’ gathering (OR = 4.45; 95% CI = 2.88-6.81), comity of smokers (OR = 2.56; 95% CI = 1.66, 3.92), very hard access to cigarettes (OR = 2.20; 95% CI = 1.16-4.16), close friends’ medium reaction toward smoking (OR = 1.38; 95% CI = 1.02-1.88), and sporting activity (OR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.56-0.98) were significantly associated with ICSE. This study identified that a combination of psychological and social variables account for up to 78% of the probability of ICSE. The most important protective factor against ICSE was physical activity, whereas the most important risk factor for ICSE was frequent gathering in the presence of smokers.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Association Between Food Insecurity and Obesity Among College Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 181-181
Author(s):  
Aseel El Zein ◽  
Karla Shelnutt ◽  
Sarah Colby ◽  
Geoffrey Greene ◽  
Wenjun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Food ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to assess the association between food insecurity and obesity and to examine whether it varies by sex. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in spring 2017 among college students from eight U.S. institutions. Participants (n = 683) completed the USDA Adult Food Security Survey and had their weight and height measured by researchers. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to estimate the sex-specific associations between food insecurity and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), after adjusting for socioeconomic covariates. Results Overall, 25.4% of students identified as food insecure and 10.5% were obese. The prevalence of obesity increased as the level of food insecurity increased, from 5.2% for those with high food security, 13.4% for those with marginal food security, to 17.4% and 21.6% for students with low and very low food security. In logistic regression analysis, marginal, low and very low food security students had an odds ratio of 2.83 (95% CI: 1.43, 5.57), 3.86 (95% CI: 1.88, 7.91), and 5.05 (95% CI:, 2.44, 10.48) of obesity compared to students with high food security, exhibiting a dose-response relationship. Among females, having marginal (OR = 4.21, 95% CI: 1.70, 9.75), low (OR = 4.51, 95% CI: 1.40, 12.47), or very low food security (OR = 7.08, 95% CI: 2.60, 18.41) predicted higher odds of obesity compared to female students with high food security. Among males, those with low food security had higher odds of obesity (OR = 6.40, 95% CI: 1.78, 20.7). Conclusions The association between food insecurity and obesity in U.S. college students remained after adjustment for multiple socio-economic factors. Overall, food insecure females experienced an increase in the risk of obesity as food insecurity increased; however, only males with low food security had an increased risk of obesity. Programs directed toward obesity prevention need to address any level of food insecurity as a risk factor in females, and target males with low food security. Although beyond the scope of this study, it is possible that programs to reduce food insecurity may help prevent obesity in college students. Funding Sources This material is based upon work that is supported by the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture, under award number 2014–67,001-21,851.

scholarly journals Increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer among infertile men

Cancer ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. NA-NA ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Walsh ◽  
Michael Schembri ◽  
Paul J. Turek ◽  
June M. Chan ◽  
Peter R. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Increased Risk

Early detection of high-grade prostate cancer using digital rectal examination in men with a normal PSA and risk of death.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 147-147
Author(s):  
Jona Ashok Hattangadi ◽  
Ming-Hui Chen ◽  
Leon Sun ◽  
Anthony Victor D'Amico
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Locally Advanced ◽  
Digital Rectal Examination ◽  
High Grade ◽  
White Race ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Rectal Examination ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Multivariable Regression

147 Background: A digital rectal examination (DRE) is less commonly practiced in the PSA screening era. Whether detection of high-grade prostate cancer (PC) while still clinically localized on DRE can improve survival in men with a normal PSA is unknown. Methods: From the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database, 166,498 men with PC diagnosed between 2004-2008 were identified. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the occurrence of palpable, PSA-occult (PSA <2.5 ng/ml) and Gleason score (GS) 8-10 PC. Factors examined included age at and year of diagnosis and race. Fine and Grays and Cox multivariable regression were performed to analyze whether these factors, treatment and known prognostic factors were associated with the risk of PC-specific mortality (PCSM) and all-cause mortality (ACM), respectively. Results: Of 166,498, 685 men (0.4%) had palpable, PSA-occult and GS 8 to 10 PC. Median age and PSA at diagnosis in this group were 68 years [IQR: 61-75] and 1.5 ng/ml [IQR: 1-2], respectively. Most (83%) men were white. Both increasing age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.02 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01-1.03]; p<0.0001) and white race (AOR: 1.26 [95% CI 1.03-1.54]; p =0.03) were associated with palpable, Gleason 8 to 10 PC with normal PSA. Significant factors associated with an increased risk of PCSM and ACM in this cohort are shown in the table. For these 685 men, detecting locally advanced as compared to localized PC on DRE was associated with a significantly lower survival (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Detecting PSA-occult high-grade PC with DRE while disease remains clinically localized amongst high-risk men (over age 68 and white race) has the potential to improve survival. [Table: see text]

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