scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondiiInfection in Pregnant Women: A Seroprevalence and Case-Control Study in Eastern China

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Cong ◽  
Xiao-Yan Dong ◽  
Qing-Feng Meng ◽  
Na Zhou ◽  
Xiang-Yang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Very limited information is available concerning the epidemiology ofT. gondiiinfection in pregnant women in eastern China. Therefore, a case-control study was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in this population group and to identify risk factors and possible routes of contamination. Serum samples were collected from 965 pregnant women and 965 age-matched nonpregnant control subjects in Qingdao and Weihai between October 2011 and July 2013. These were screened with enzyme linked immunoassays for the presence of anti-ToxoplasmaIgG and anti-ToxoplasmaIgM antibodies. 147 (15.2%) pregnant women and 167 (17.3%) control subjects were positive for anti-T. gondiiIgG antibodies, while 28 (2.9%) pregnant women and 37 (3.8%) controls were positive for anti-T. gondiiIgM antibodies (P=0.256). There was no significant difference between pregnant women and nonpregnant controls with regard to the seroprevalence of either anti-T. gondiiIgG or IgM antibodies. Multivariate analysis showed thatT. gondiiinfection was associated with location, cats in home, contact with cats and dogs, and exposure to soil. The results indicated that the seroprevalence ofT. gondiiinfection in pregnant women is high compared to most other regions of China and other East Asian countries with similar climatic conditions.

Seroprevalence and associated risk factors ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection in psychiatric patients: a case-control study in eastern China

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (14) ◽  
pp. 3103-3109 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. CONG ◽  
W. DONG ◽  
L. BAI ◽  
X.-Y. WANG ◽  
X.-T. NI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Igm Antibodies ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Behavioural Characteristics ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYIn recent years, the effect ofToxoplasma gondiiinfection on the cerebrum and neuropsychiatric patients has been increasingly highlighted. However, there is limited information about the epidemiology ofT. gondiiinfection in psychiatric patients in Shandong province, eastern China. Therefore, through a case-control study, 445 patients hospitalized for diacrisis or treatment in Weihai, eastern China, and 445 control subjects from the general population of the same region matched by gender, age, and residence were examined with enzyme-linked immunoassays for the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies toT. gondiiand associated sociodemographic and behavioural characteristics in a population of psychiatric patients. Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies toT. gondiiin psychiatric patients (77/445, 17·30%) was significantly higher than in control subjects (55/445, 12·36%) (P= 0·038). Fourteen (3·15%) psychiatric patients and 10 (2·25%) control subjects had IgM antibodies toT. gondii(P= 0·408). Multivariate analysis using logic regression showed thatT. gondiiinfection was associated with cats at home and consumption of raw/undercooked meat in psychiatric patients. Considering that most psychiatric patients usually have lower cognitive functioning and additional transmission routes related to their inappropriate behaviours that could enhance the risk of infection, psychiatric patients should be considered as a specific group ofT. gondiiinfection.

Are Anti-β2 Glycoprotein 1 Antibodies Associated with Placenta-Mediated Pregnancy Complications? A Nested Case–Control Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Skeith ◽  
Karim Abou-Nassar ◽  
Mark Walker ◽  
Tim Ramsay ◽  
Ronald Booth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Antibody Positivity ◽  
Control Study

Background While anti-β2 glycoprotein 1 (anti-β2GP1) antibody positivity is included in the diagnostic criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), the association between anti-β2GP1 and the obstetrical complications of APS has been inconsistently reported and remains unclear. Objective We completed a case–control study nested within the Canadian Ottawa and Kingston (OaK) Birth Cohort to evaluate the association between anti-β2GP1 antibody positivity and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications. Study Design Five hundred cases were randomly selected among pregnant women who experienced any of the following independently adjudicated placenta-mediated pregnancy complications: preeclampsia, placental abruption, late pregnancy loss (≥ 12 weeks' gestation), and birth of a small-for-gestational age (SGA) infant < 10th percentile. Five hundred pregnant women without any placenta-mediated pregnancy complications were selected as controls. Stored blood samples were analyzed for the presence of anti-β2GP1 antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Anti-β2GP1 immunoglobulin G (IgG) and/or immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in titers ≥ 20 G/M units (> 99th percentile) were present in 24 of 497 (4.8%) of controls and 33 of 503 (6.6%) of cases. There was no significant difference between cases and controls for the composite outcome of any placenta-mediated pregnancy complications (odds ratio, 1.38, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8–2.37, p = 0.25). Conclusion Our results call into question the association between anti-β2GP1 antibodies and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications, with further research needed.

scholarly journals The Role of Toxoplasma gondii Infection Among Multiple Sclerosis Patient Compared to Ordinary People in South of Iran: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsa Rahnama ◽  
Qasem Asgari ◽  
Peiman Petramfar ◽  
Davod Tasa ◽  
Vahid Hemati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

Background: Toxoplasmosis is a common parasitic disease, which leads to serious disease symptoms in immunocompromised hosts and infants. Recent epidemiologic surveys showed that microbial agents may be associated with some cases of multiple sclerosis (MS). Objectives: This case-control study aimed to examine the role of Toxoplasma gondii in MS by evaluating sero-frequency of anti-T. gondii IgG (ATXAb) antibody between patients with MS and ordinary people in Shiraz Province, south of Iran during 2016 - 2018. Methods: Serum samples obtained from MS patients (n = 130), and a group of age and gender-matched controls (n = 130) with the same socioeconomic status with the patients’ group were collected to evaluate the prevalence of T. gondii IgG antibodies (ATXAb). Moreover, the presence of the ATXAb antibody of the patients and controls was determined by the ELISA test. SPSS 20 software was used to perform the statistical analysis (SPSS, inc., Chicago, USA). Results: Out of 130 (35.4%) cases with MS and 130 (13.8%) controls, 46 and 18 subjects were seropositive for ATXAb, respectively. Based on the chi-square test, a significant difference was observed in terms of the positivity rates of ATXAb between the MS patient group and the control group (P = 0.001). The mean ± standard deviation ATXAb levels in controls and MS patients were found to be 61 ± 34 and 114 ± 47 IU/mL, respectively. Also, there were statistically significant differences between the levels of these two groups (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Given the relationship between toxoplasmosis and MS, it is possible that the prevalence of MS decreases by increasing hygiene and preventing toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals Relationship between Serum Osteocalcin Level and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saloumeh Peivandi ◽  
Kamelia Yaghoubinia ◽  
Zahra Kashi ◽  
Siavash Moradi ◽  
Ali Habibi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study

BACKGROUND: Osteocalcin (OC) is the most common noncollagenous protein in bone matrix, which is synthesized only in bone tissue and by osteoblasts. The potential role of osteocalcin on glucose and fat metabolism has been previously reported. The aim of this study was to compare the serum OC level in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).METHODS: In the present case-control study, all pregnant women who were referred to a obstetrics and gynecology clinic in Sari, Iran, and met the inclusion criteria underwent an overall screening with a 75-g glucose tolerance test (GTT) at week 24 to 28 of gestation. The study was conducted between September 2018 and February 2019. Based on criteria, the pregnant women with confirmed GDM were matched with pregnant women without GDM in terms of baseline characteristics such as chronological age and BMI. The serum OC levels were also measured if vitamin D and calcium levels were normal. All data were analyzed using SPSS 21.RESULTS: The two groups with and without GDM had no significant difference in terms of age, BMI and OC level. There was no significant correlation between age and BMI with OC level in healthy pregnant women, respectively (P=0.49 and P=0.58). The correlation between BMI and age with OC level in GTT-positive pregnant women was 0.05 and -0.172, respectively, which was not significant (P=0.77 and P=0.36).CONCLUSION: According to the results of this study, there is no significant difference of serum OC levels in pregnant women with GDM compared to healthy pregnancy. Given that the levels of serum insulin or insulin resistance have not been assessed, these indices are recommended to be evaluated in future studies. 

scholarly journals Case-control study on ocular changes and ophthalmic Doppler velocimetric indices among preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women in Ibadan, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. e000550
Author(s):  
Chiemelie Onwudiegwu ◽  
Ademola Adekanmi ◽  
Bolutife Olusanya ◽  
Olatunji Lawal ◽  
Babatunde Adedokun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Peak Systolic Velocity ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ocular Changes ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

ObjectiveTo compare the ocular changes and Doppler velocimetric indices in preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women.Methods and analysisThis was a case-control study of 71 preeclamptic women and 72 parity-matched normotensive pregnant women conducted at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Demographic data were obtained using questionnaires. All participants had visual acuity assessment, funduscopy, intraocular pressure measurement and orbital Doppler ultrasonography. The differences in parameters between the two groups were tested using Student’s t-test for quantitative variables and χ2 tests for categorical variables.ResultsThere were no significant differences between cases and controls with respect to sociodemographic variables. The mean pulsatility index was 1.35±0.46 in cases and 2.1±0.4 in controls (p<0.001); the resistivity index was 0.7±0.18 in cases and 0.83±0.27 among the controls (p=0.01). A similar pattern was observed in the peak systolic velocity (p<0.001) and the peak ratio (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups concerning end-diastolic velocity (p=0.535). Three preeclampsia patients (5.2%) had abnormalities on funduscopy compared with none of the controls. Preeclamptic women had significantly higher intraocular pressures in both eyes at baseline and at 24 hours post delivery.ConclusionThis study demonstrated lower Doppler velocimetry and impedance parameters and higher intraocular pressure among preeclampsia cases compared with controls. Abnormal funduscopic findings were observed in a few preeclamptic women and none among the controls. Ophthalmic artery Doppler parameters could be useful in identifying those women who are likely to suffer preeclampsia and its complications.

Aflatoxin and Reye's Syndrome: A Case Control Study

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-869
Author(s):  
David B. Nelson ◽  
Renate Kimbrough ◽  
Philip S. Landrigan ◽  
A. Wallace Hayes ◽  
George C. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Reye's Syndrome ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Recent Exposure ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Serum And Urine

Aflatoxin levels were determined in serum and urine of 17 patients with Reye's syndrome and in control subjects. No significant difference in aflatoxin levels was found for the two groups. However, 23% of all persons studied had levels of aflatoxin indicative of recent exposure. Aflatoxin levels were associated with ingestion of cornmeal and corn bread but not peanut-containing products. This prevalence of aflatoxin may be of public health importance.

scholarly journals Platelet Count In Preeclampsia

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Razia Sultana ◽  
SM Fazlul Karim ◽  
Farhana Atia ◽  
Shahnila Ferdousi ◽  
Selina Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Control Study

Preeclampsia is one of the most leading causes of maternal mortality in developing countries like Bangladesh. Several studies have demonstrated the relationship between platelets count and preeclampsia. The aim of the study was to assess the association of platelets count with preeclampsia. A case control study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka from July 2010 to June 2011. A total number of 100 pregnant women in third trimester of pregnancy attending in Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department of Dhaka Medical Hospital were selected as study subjects. Among them 50 diagnosed cases of preeclampsia were selected as cases and 50 normal healthy pregnant women as controls. Platelet count was measured in all study subjects. The mean platelet count in cases and controls were 1,44,260±96,472 and 1,98,100±51,219 respectively. The present study showed significant difference of mean platelet count between cases and controls. The study revealed that low platelets count is associated with preeclampsias. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdnmch.v18i2.16018 J. Dhaka National Med. Coll. Hos. 2012; 18 (02): 24-26

Maternal-Fetal Management in Trombophilia Related and Placenta-Mediated Pregnancy Complications

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2396-2401
Author(s):  
Costin Berceanu ◽  
Elena Loredana Ciurea ◽  
Monica Mihaela Cirstoiu ◽  
Sabina Berceanu ◽  
Anca Maria Ofiteru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Placental Insufficiency ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
Pregnancy Morbidity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Control Study

It is widely accepted that thrombophilia in pregnancy greatly increases the risk of venous thromboembolism. Pregnancy complications arise, at least partly, from placental insufficiency. Any change in the functioning of the gestational transient biological system, such as inherited or acquired thrombophilia, might lead to placental insufficiency. In this research we included 64 pregnant women with trombophilia and 70 cases non-trombophilic pregnant women, with or without PMPC, over a two-year period. The purpose of this multicenter case-control study is to analyze the maternal-fetal management options in obstetric thrombophilia, the impact of this pathology on the placental structure and possible correlations with placenta-mediated pregnancy complications. Maternal-fetal management in obstetric thrombophilia means preconceptional or early diagnosis, prevention of pregnancy morbidity, specific therapy as quickly as possible and fetal systematic surveilance to identify the possible occurrence of placenta-mediated pregnancy complications.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Postpartum Hemorrhage in a Thai–Myanmar Border Community Hospital: A Nested Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4633
Author(s):  
Waraporn Thepampan ◽  
Nuchsara Eungapithum ◽  
Krittai Tanasombatkul ◽  
Phichayut Phinyo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Postpartum Hemorrhage ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Community Hospital ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Border Community ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a common complication of pregnancy and a global public health concern. Even though PPH risk factors were extensively studied and reported in literature, almost all studies were conducted in non-Asian countries or tertiary care centers. Our study aimed to explore relevant risk factors for PPH among pregnant women who underwent transvaginal delivery at a Thai–Myanmar border community hospital in Northern Thailand. An exploratory nested case-control study was conducted to explore risk factors for PPH. Women who delivered transvaginal births at Maesai hospital from 2014 to 2018 were included. Two PPH definitions were used, which were ≥ 500 mL and 1000 mL of estimated blood loss within 24 h after delivery. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was used to identify significant risk factors for PPH and severe PPH. Of 4774 women with vaginal births, there were 265 (5.55%) PPH cases. Eight factors were identified as independent predictors for PPH and severe PPH: elderly pregnancy, minority groups, nulliparous, previous PPH history, BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, requiring manual removal of placenta, labor augmentation, and fetal weight > 4000 gm. Apart from clinical factors, particular attention should be given to pregnant women who were minority groups as PPH risk significantly increased in this population.

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