scholarly journals HER2 Status in Premalignant, Early, and Advanced Neoplastic Lesions of the Stomach

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ieni ◽  
V. Barresi ◽  
L. Rigoli ◽  
R. A. Caruso ◽  
G. Tuccari
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Her2 Status ◽  
Her2 Overexpression ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Gastric Lesions ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Gastric Type

Objectives. HER2 expression in gastric cancer (GC) has received attention as a potential target for therapy with Trastuzumab. We reviewed the current knowledge on HER2 status in premalignant gastric lesions and in early (EGC) and advanced (AGC) GC to discuss the possible pathogenetic and prognostic roles of HER2 overexpression in GC.Results. HER2 overexpression was documented in gastric low-grade (LG) and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-IEN), with higher frequency in gastric type dysplasia. HER2 overexpression was significantly associated with disease recurrence and poor prognosis in EGC representing an independent risk factor for lymph node metastases. HER2 overexpression was more frequent in AGC characterized by high grade, advanced stage, and high Ki-67 labeling index. The discordance in HER2 status was evidenced between primitive GC and synchronous or metachronous metastases.Conclusions. HER2 overexpression in premalignant gastric lesions suggests its potential involvement in the early steps of gastric carcinogenesis. The assessment of HER2 status in EGC may be helpful for the identification of patients who are at low risk for developing nodal metastases. Finally, the possible discordance in HER2 status between primary GC and its synchronous metastases support routine assessment of HER2 both in the primary GC and in its metastatic lesions.

scholarly journals Ki-67 expression in anal intraepithelial neoplasia in AIDS

2001 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edenilson Eduardo Calore ◽  
Carmen Ruth Manzione ◽  
Sidney Roberto Nadal ◽  
Maria José Cavalieri ◽  
Nilda Maria Perez Calore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Layer ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2

CONTEXT: AIDS is one of the most important risk factors for progression and recurrence of anogenital condyloma. In a previous work, we observed that patients with warts and high-grade AIN (HAIN) had recurrences more frequently than did patients with warts without AIN. The mechanisms of this increased incidence of high-grade lesions in AIDS are not known. OBJECTIVE: We studied the expression of the proliferative marker Ki-67 by immunohistochemical methods, in specimens of anal condyloma from HIV+ patients to clarify whether its expression can be associated to the grade of AIN. DESIGN: A retrospective study of hiltological specimens. SETTING: University referral unit. SAMPLE: 34 patients were divided into two groups: (1) condylomas with low grade AIN (LAIN), with 25 patients; and (2) condylomas with HAIN, with 9 patients. In this latter group we examined two areas: 2A (HAIN area) and 2B (LAIN area). MAIN MEASUREMENTS: The immunohistochemical reaction for Ki-67 was done on histological sections. Slices were lightly stained with hematoxylin, to help us in Ki-67 positive cell counting. The percentage of Ki-67 marked nuclei was calculated. We applied one-way variance analysis for statistics. RESULTS: The mean number of Ki-67 positive cells in group 1 was 19.68 ± 10.99; in group 2 (area A) it was 46.73 ± 10.409; and in area B it was 36.43 ± 14.731. There were statistical differences between groups 1 and 2A and between groups 1 and 2B. Ki-67 positive cells predominated in the lower layer in LAIN. Positive Ki-67 cells were found in all layers in group 2A, and in group 2B they predominated in the two lower or in all layers of the epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that LAIN areas (using routine staining techniques) in HAIN can have a biological behavior more similar to HAIN.

scholarly journals Evaluation of biomarkers p16ink4a/ki-67 in cervical cytology for diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Sathija ◽  
S. Rajaram ◽  
V. K. Arora ◽  
B. Gupta ◽  
N. Goel
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Nuclear Staining ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Good Diagnostic Accuracy

Background: Novel biomarkers, P16INK4a/Ki-67 are disease specific and identify risk of progression to cervical cancer. Aim: To test the clinical utility of biomarkers p16INK4a/Ki-67 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Methodology: Experimental study was conducted over an 18 month period at a tertiary care hospital. 3500 sexually active women between 30-55 years were screened by VIA/VILI, Pap test & HPV-DNA PCR. All screen positive women (n=280) underwent colposcopy and biopsy if required. At the time of colposcopy repeat cervical smear were taken for evaluation of p16INK4a/Ki-67. Immunocytochemistry for p16INK4A and Ki-67 was done by partitioning one slide into two parts for each biomarker. For p16INK4A positivity, nuclear +/- cytoplasmic scoring and intensity score was calculated and final score obtained. For Ki-67 staining was exclusively nuclear. Staining patterns were categorized as negative, intermediate or strongly positive. Results: 86 women with abnormal cytology were evaluated with p16INK4A/Ki-67 immunocytochemistry and 20.9% (n=18) and 18.6% (n=16) were positive for each biomarker. For ASCUS (n=42) and LSIL (n=23) smears, specificity and NPV were 100% with a likelihood ratio (LR+) of 27 and 25 respectively suggesting good diagnostic accuracy. The combined sensitivity and specificity of p16INK4a/Ki-67 in detecting CIN-2+ lesion was 76.9% and 95.8% respectively with LR+ of 18.72 in high grade smears. Conclusions: p16INK4A/Ki-67 evaluation in cervical cytology are valuable biomarkers in ruling out or detecting CIN2+ in ASCUS and LSIL smears. Unnecessary intervention in large number of low grade smears can be avoided by applying these biomarkers. In high grade smears detection rate of biomarkers p16INK4A/Ki-67 was high and had a good diagnostic accuracy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Telomerase (hTert), Ki67 and p16ink4a expressions in low and high-grade cervical intraepithelial lesions

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
ANA PAULA SZEZEPANIAK GOULART ◽  
MANOEL AFONSO GUIMARÃES GONÇALVES ◽  
VINICIUS DUVAL DA-SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Histological Grade ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Disease Recurrence ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Immunohistochemical Expression ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Cin Iii ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

ABSTRACT Objective : to study the association between the histological grading of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN I, CIN II and CIN III) and the immunohistochemical expression for p16ink4a, hTert and Ki67, as well as to evaluate the relationship of these markers with the risk of recurrence after surgical treatment. Methods : we studied a historical cohort of 94 women with intraepithelial lesions CIN I (low grade), CIN II and CIN III (high grades) submitted to conization or electrosurgical excision of the transformation zone. We evaluated all surgical specimens for immunohistochemical expression of p16ink4a, hTert and Ki67. Results : the mean age was 38.2 years; p16ink4a was absent in most CIN I cases. In patients with CIN II or I/II (association of low and high-grade lesions), we observed p16ink4a ≤10%. In patients with CIN III, we found a higher expression frequency of p16ink4a >50%. In CIN I, the majority had Ki67≤10% and low frequency of Ki67>50%. In the CIN III category, there were fewer patients with Ki67≤10%, and Ki67 was absent in most patients of CIN II and III groups. There was no association between hTert expression and histologic grade. There were no statistically significant differences between the expression of the markers in patients with and without recurrence. Conclusion : there was a statistically significant association of p16ink4a and Ki67 with histological grade. The markers' expression, as for disease recurrence, was not statistically significant in the period evaluated.

The reporting of anal cytology and histology samples: establishing terminology and criteria

Sexual Health ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Margaret Roberts ◽  
Deborah Ekman
Keyword(s):  
Reporting System ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Anal Neoplasia ◽  
Anal Cytology ◽  
Bethesda System

Our understanding of the human papillomavirus (HPV) related cytomorphology and histopathology of the anal canal is underpinned by our knowledge of HPV infection in the cervix. In this review, we utilise cervical reporting of cytological and histological specimens as a foundation for the development of standardised and evidence-based terminology and criteria for reporting of anal specimens. We advocate use of the Australian Modified Bethesda System 2004 for reporting anal cytology. We propose the use of a two-tiered histological reporting system for noninvasive disease – low-grade and high-grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia. These classification systems reflect current understanding of the biology of HPV and enhance diagnostic reproducibility. Biomarkers such as p16INK4A may prove useful in further improving diagnostic accuracy. Standardisation is important because it will increase the value of the data collected as Australian centres develop programs for screening for anal neoplasia.

scholarly journals INCIDENCE AND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF HIGH GRADE PROSTATIC INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA IN TURP SPECIFIMENS

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
B. Pavan Kumar ◽  
Imran Ali ◽  
Anwar Miya ◽  
Kishan Kishan
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Prostatic Carcinoma ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Transurethral Resection Of Prostate ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Precancerous Condition

BACKGROUND : PIN is a well known precancerous condition of prostatic carcinoma. Transurethral resection of prostate has become the most prominent and the easiest way, to morphologically evaluate lesions of PIN. But clinicians are sometimes confused by the grading that is given in the report. So there is a need to define the diagnostic criteria and differential diagnosis of PIN using newer diagnostic techniques to assist in the better diagnosis and grading. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether the diagnostic criteria can be defined PIN and using newer techniques for PIN grading to improve the clinical management of patients with prostatic lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study will be done in the Department of Pathology MGM Hospitals, Warangal for a period of 2 years and includes consecutive cases of TURP specimens from the patients who present with obstructive symptoms as a major clinical presentation and correlated with PSA levels. INCLULSION CRITERIA: Patients who present with obstructive symptoms as a major clinical presentation. RESULTS: 1.160 cases of TURP specimens were studied out of which 53 (33.12%) cases are PIN. BPH -78 (48/74%), PC-15 (9.37%), SM-14 (8.75%) 2. Majority cases are low grade PIN 34 out of 53 cases (21.25%) High Grade PIN 19 out of 53cases. (11.87%) 3. High Grade PIN and prostatic Carcinoma shared increased incidence and severity with advancing age in the study. Majority of HG PIN cases in our study noted in (70-79 years of age) 4. The risk of carcinoma is more in cases of High Grade PIN (68.42%) than in low grade PIN (17.64%) 5. This warrants are need for repeat prostatic biopsies to diagnose the invasive carcinoma in patient with High grade PIN.

scholarly journals Abnormal colposcopic images in patients with preinvasive cervical lesions

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-102
Author(s):  
Adnan Babović ◽  
Dženita Ljuca ◽  
Gordana Bogdanović ◽  
Lejla Muminhodžić
Keyword(s):  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction: The objective of the study was to determine frequency and to compare frequency of the abnormal colposcopic images in patients with low and high grade pre-invasive lesions of cervix.Methods: Study includes 259 patients, whom colposcopic and cytological examination of cervix was done. The experimental group of patients consisted of patents with pre-invasive low grade squamousintraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and the control group consisted of patients without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).Results: In comparison to the total number of satisfactory fi ndings (N=259), pathological findings were registered in N=113 (43.6 %) and abnormal colposcopic fi ndings in N=128 (49.4%). The study did notinclude patients with unsatisfactory fi nding N=22 (8.5%). Abnormal colposcopic image is present most frequently in older patients but there are no statistically important difference between age categories(Pearson Chi-Square 0.47, df -3, p=0.923). Frequency of abnormal colposcopic fi ndings (N=128) is the biggest in pathological cytological (N=113) and HSIL 58 (45.3%), LSIL 36 (28.1%). There is statisticallysignifi cant difference in frequency of abnormal colposcopic images in patients with low-grade in comparison to patients with high-grade pre-invasive cervix lesions (Chi-Square test, Pearson Chi-Square 117.14,df-12 p<0.0001).Conclusion: Thanks to characteristic colposcopic images, abnormal epithelium is successfully recognized, but the severity grade of intraepithelial lesion cannot be determined.

The Role of Early Colposcopy in the Management of Females with First Episode Anogenital Warts

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 343-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
K A Ward ◽  
J R Houston ◽  
B E Lowry ◽  
R D Maw ◽  
W W Dinsmore
Keyword(s):  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cytology ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Anogenital Warts ◽  
Cervical Smear ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Increased Risk

212 females attending a genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinic with first episode anogenital warts were screened by cervical cytology and colposcopy/histology for the presence of cervical epithelial abnormalities in keeping with infection by the human papillomavirus (HPV infection) and/or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The prevalence of cervical epithelial abnormalities detected by cervical cytology alone was 32%, rising to 56% after colposcopic examination. However, the majority of cervical lesions detected by colposcopy alone were of low grade (HPV infection and/or CIN I). Histologically confirmed high grade cervical lesions (CIN II or CIN III) were detected more frequently in those females in whom cervical cytological examination indicated dyskaryosis in keeping with any grade of CIN, compared to females without dyskaryotic changes on cervical smear ( P<0.05, chi-squared test with Yates' correction). Early colposcopy is indicated for females with anogenital warts in the presence of a cervical smear showing dyskaryosis in keeping with any grade of CIN, because of the statistically significant increased risk of detecting a potentially progressive high grade cervical lesion. In females without dyskaryotic changes on cervical smear, the value of early colposcopy is uncertain and warrants larger more long-term trials.

Increased proteasome degradation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27 is associated with a decreased overall survival in mantle cell lymphoma

Blood ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 619-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Chiarle ◽  
Leo M. Budel ◽  
Jeffrey Skolnik ◽  
Glauco Frizzera ◽  
Marco Chilosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Mantle Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Cell Lymphoma ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Mantle Cell

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive neoplasm characterized by the deregulated expression of cyclin D1 by t(11;14). The molecular mechanisms responsible for MCL's clinical behavior remain unclear. The authors have investigated the expression of p53, E2F-1, and the CDK inhibitors p27 and p21 in 110 MCLs, relating their expression to proliferative activity (Ki-67). For comparison, they have similarly analyzed low-grade (12 MALT, 16 CLL/SLL) and high-grade (19 DLCL) lymphomas. p53 was detected more frequently in large-cell MCL (l-MCL; 5 of 7) than in classical MCL (s-MCL; 13 of 103) and DLCL (8 of 19). In MCL and DLCL, the percentage of E2F-1+ nuclei was high, correlating with high Ki-67 expression. Most MCLs (91 of 112) and DLCLs (12 of 19) showed a loss of p27; MALT and CLL/SLL, however, were p27 positive. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction and in vitro protein degradation assays demonstrated that MCLs have normal p27 mRNA expression but increased p27 protein degradation activity via the proteasome pathway. Correlation of MCL p53 and p27 expression with clinical data showed an association between reduced overall survival rates and the overexpression of p53 (P = .001), the loss of p27 (P = .002), or both. Loss of p27 identified patients with a worse clinical outcome among p53 negative cases (P = .002). These findings demonstrated that MCL has a distinct cell cycle protein expression similar to that of high-grade lymphoma. The loss of p27 and the overexpression of p53 in MCL are prognostic markers that identify patients at high risk. The demonstration that low levels of p27 in MCL result from enhanced proteasome-mediated degradation should encourage additional clinical trials. (Blood. 2000;95:619-626)

p16INK4a, Cytokeratin 7, and Ki-67 as Potential Markers for Low-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia Progression

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larissa Bastos Eloy da Costa ◽  
Renata De Marchi Triglia ◽  
Liliana A. Lucci De Angelo Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cytokeratin 7 ◽  
Ki 67

29. WHAT DO ANAL CYTOLOGY RESULTS MEAN?

Sexual Health ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
R. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Cervical Screening ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Anal Dysplasia ◽  
Anal Swab

Background: Between 1970 and 2000 in Australia, anal cancer rates have increased over fourfold. Furthermore, the prevalence rate of anal cancer in MSM is approximately 35 cases/100�000, comparable to that of cervical cancer in women prior to the introduction of the national cervical screening program. These observations have led to calls for the introduction of targeted anal cytological screening program for MSMs. Our study examined the effectiveness of anal cytological testing in detecting histologically proven high grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN, also known as AIN2 & 3). Methods: A retrospective case note review of people attending an anal dysplasia clinic from July 2002 to May 2007 was performed. Cytological results of anal swabs were compared to results of biopsies obtained through high resolution anoscopy. Results: 436 anal cytological results were identified. Of these, 5% were unsatisfactory, 51% showed low grade changes and 44% showed high grade changes. 185 cases were then paired with corresponding histological results. Analysing the data from the perspective of diagnosing histologically proven HGAIN, anal swab cytological abnormalities revealed a sensitivity of 54% and specificity of 90% for the most recent cytological test and 83% and 39% respectively, when analysed according to most serious cytological result ever. Conclusions: Our sensitivities of 54-83% and specificities of 39-90% are consistent with those found with cervical cytology, but emphasize the need for caution in their interpretation. However, before any anal cytological screening programs are introduced, it is important to also establish that treatment of any high grade anal dysplasia detected by such screening is of value in preventing progression to cancer.

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