Vulnerability Assessment and Application of Bacterial Technology on Urban Rivers for Pollution Eradication

To protect against the environmental pollution, the present research was undertaken to enumerate the Bacterial Technologies (BTs) on the restoration of polluted urban rivers, that is, Fenghu-Song Yang River (FSR) and Xuxi River (XXR). Experimental research accounted for the physiochemical parameters (pH; temperature; dissolved oxygen (DO); chemical oxygen demand (COD); total phosphorus (TP); total nitrogen (TN); and ammonia nitrogen (NH3N)) before and after the BT operation. The results declared that the BT is efficient to restore the polluted rivers up to reliable condition. These results were analyzed by using multivariate statistical techniques (principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA)). These techniques interpreted the complex data sets and expressed the point source information about the water quality of these rivers at SA5, SA6, and SB3 under highly polluted regions. For better understanding, water quality index (WQI) was applied to compute the single numeric value. WQI results are evidence of the above results which prove the water quality of both rivers faced under outrageous condition (below 50 WQI scores) before the BT treatment, but, after the treatment, the rivers were restored from fair to good level (above 50 WQI scores) and overall output of these scores was quite similar to detect the point source of pollution. These results described an abrupt recovery of the urban rivers up to reliable condition for aquatic organism and clear effluents from the rivers.

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Water-Quality Assessment of Lv-Tang River in Zhanjiang, China

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.755 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 295-298 ◽

pp. 755-758 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ya Yun Liu ◽

Zhi Hong Li ◽

Xiao Jian Liang ◽

Yan Peng Lin ◽

Rong Hao Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Single Parameter ◽

Water Quality Parameter ◽

National Quality

Based on the water quality investigation data of December in 2010, the water environment quality of Lv-tang River in Zhanjiang national urban wetland park was assessed using single water quality parameter model and integrated water quality index model. The results show that the water quality of Lv-tang River is worse than the national quality standards for Grade V. The water is polluted seriously. The main pollutants are total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand CODCr with their average concentrations of 60.49 mg/L, 30.57 mg/L and 227.38mg/L, respectively. The averages of their single parameter pollution index are 30.25 , 19.79 and 8.74. The average of single parameter pollution index of the river is 8.23 which indicated that the river belongs to heavy pollution zone. The integrated water quality index was 22.5 showing that the river belongs to serious pollution zone.

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Impact of Partially Treated Wastewater on Downstream Water Quality of Notwane River in Botswana

Journal of Engineering Research and Reports ◽

10.9734/jerr/2018/v1i49882 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Gilbert K. Gaboutloeloe ◽

Gugu Molokwe ◽

Benedict Kayombo

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Nitrate N ◽

River Stretch ◽

Ph Range ◽

The Impact

The impact of partially treated wastewater on the water quality of Notwane river stretch in the Gaborone region of Botswana was investigated. Water samples collected at effluent discharge point and three other sampling sites downstream were analyzed for pH, temperature, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Ammonia-nitrogen (Ammonia-N) and Nitrate-nitrogen (Nitrate-N). Sampling was conducted bi-weekly between February 2013 and April 2013. The ranges of measured parameters were: pH (7.6-8.5), temperature (22-23ºC), BOD5 (11.2-27.0 mg/l), Ammonia-N (2.4-60.5 mg/l), Nitrate-N (20.6-28.6 mg/l). Analysis of variance, Games-Howel multiple comparisons and Pearson correlation were used to separate variable means. The results signal river non-point pollution due to runoff inflow of organics mainly from land use and domestic waste dumping by nearby dwellings. Temperature, BOD5, and pH range values were all within the Botswana Bureau of Standards (BOBS) limit while the maximum Ammonia-N and Nitrate-N were above BOBS limit by 50.5 mg/l and 6.6 mg/l, respectively. Regulations on indiscriminate waste dumping and discharge standards adherence should be enforced.

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A framework of characteristics identification and source apportionment of water pollution in a river: a case study in the Jinjiang River, China

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2012.118 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 65 (11) ◽

pp. 2071-2078 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Haiyang Chen ◽

Yanguo Teng ◽

Jinsheng Wang

Keyword(s):

Water Pollution ◽

Water Quality ◽

Source Apportionment ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Principal Component ◽

Anthropogenic Pollution ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Support Vector ◽

Jinjiang River

A framework for characteristics identification and source apportionment of water pollution in the Jinjiang River of China was proposed in this study for evaluation. A total of 114 water samples which were generated between May 2009 and September 2010 at 13 sites were collected and analysed. First, support vector machine (SVM) and water quality pollutant index (WQPI) were used for water quality comprehensive evaluation and identifying characteristic contaminants. Later, factor analysis with nonnegative constraints (FA-NNC) was employed for source apportionment. Finally, multi-linear regression of the absolute principal component score (APCS/MLR) was applied to further estimate source contributions for each characteristic contaminant. The results indicated that the water quality of the Jinjiang River was mainly at the third level (65.79%) based on national surface water quality permissible standards in China. Ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, mercury, iron and manganese were identified as characteristic contaminants. Source apportionment results showed that industrial activities (63.16%), agricultural non-point source (16.50%) and domestic sewage (12.85%) were the main anthropogenic pollution sources which were influencing the water quality of Jinjiang River. This proposed method provided a helpful framework for conducting water pollution management in aquatic environment.

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Water Quality Monitoring, Early Warning and Identification of Risk Sources of South Lake Central Ecological Park in Tangshan City

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.746.147 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 746 ◽

pp. 147-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jun Li ◽

Jun Wang Tong ◽

Shou Fang Jiang ◽

Liu Nan ◽

Shao Jia Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Nitrate Nitrogen ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Pollution Index ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

National Standards ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Clean Water ◽

Sample Points

Objectives To assess the current eutrophication and heavy metal pollution condition of South Lake by monitoring the water quality of South Lake Central Ecological Park in Tangshan city and to provide basic information and science basis for the continuity environmental monitoring and further treatment. Methods The water samples in South Lake were collected during 10th-12st May, 2011. Samples of surface water in Xixingchi, Yanglongshui, and Qingtianjing were determined temperature, pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD520), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, Hg, As, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cd and so on. Single water quality index and the integrated pollution index were calculated to assess water quality of sampling point. Results The sense character of all sample points did not accord with national standards.The BOD520 of Xixingchi, West Yanglongshui, North Yanglongshui and the four sampling points of Qingtianjing were more than national standards. The TP, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen of Qingtianjings sample points exceeded national standards. Indicatorss of other sample were accord with national standards. Xixingchi, whichs comprehensive pollution index was 0.27, belonged to clean water. Yanglongshui, which`s comprehensive pollution index was 0.22, belonged to clean water too. Qingtianjing, whichs comprehensive pollution index was 1.99, belonged to polluted waters. Conclusions Xixingchi and Yanglongshui belongs to clean water. Qingtianjing belongs polluted water. The TP, ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen of Qingtianjings four sample points exceeded national standards. The severity of the pollution is: Qingtianjing>Yanglongshui>Xixingchi.

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Analyzing of water quality at Ooty for drinking purpose

World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences ◽

10.30574/wjaets.2021.2.2.0049 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 091-099

Author(s):

Gandhimathi A ◽

Naresh K

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Summer Season ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Quality Of Water ◽

Sample Water ◽

Very High ◽

Drinking Purpose

Analyzing of water quality at Ooty town and to provide clean and safe water. The water quality is analyzed and tabulated in this paper. So we are able to know the quality of water available in the sample taken. The water analyzed about the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of water. It is used to measure the appearance of sample water for the need of living. Water samples are collected from the open well (Latitude and longitude coordinates are 11.410000, 76.699997). The samples were tested for parameters like pH, turbidity, total hardness, fluoride, dissolved oxygen, ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, acidity, and alkalinity. The values which are obtained from each parameter were compared with the Indian Standards: 10500 (Drinking water specifications). During the summer season the water demand is very high hence from the result the water was found to be safe for drinking.

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Water quality of the Atibaia river in the city of Paulínia/SP: evaluation of the Electrical Conductivity and Chloride variables

Ciência e Natura ◽

10.5902/2179460x64748 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. e66

Author(s):

Camila Pereira Montovani ◽

Cassiana Maria Reganhan Coneglian ◽

Elaine Cristina Catapani Poletti

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Principal Component ◽

E Coli ◽

Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽

Linear Correlation Analysis ◽

The City

The present study aimed to evaluate the characteristics that most influenced the water quality variability of the Atibaia river in the city of Paulínia/SP, the coordinates of the water collection point are given by 22º44'23”(S) and 47º07 ' 40 ”(W), in the dry and rainy seasons, from 2006 to 2016. The data used in this study come from the monitoring of parameters carried out in the spring by a research team, accompanied by periodic collections of surface water samples and analyzes laboratory tests. The parameters addressed included: precipitation, temperature, Hydrogenionic potential (pH), turbidity, thermotolerant coliforms (Escherichia coli (E. coli)), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (Ntotal), total phosphorus (Ptotal), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and chlorides (Cl-). Water quality was assessed using linear correlation analysis, using the Pearson Correlation coefficient (r), and Multivariate Analysis, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The presence of EC, Cl- and COD in both periods indicates quality characteristics related to the mineralization of organic compounds present in the water and the eutrophication process.

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Assessment of Aquatic Ecological Health: A Case Study of Lake Rewalsar, Himachal Pradesh

Journal of AgriSearch ◽

10.21921/jas.v7i01.17627 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (01) ◽

Author(s):

RAMA KUMARI ◽

PARMANAND KUMAR

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Water Quality Index ◽

Quality Index ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Different Seasons

The present study was conducted for two years to analyze the water quality of the sacred lake Rewalsar. Water quality of different seasons was evaluated by water quality index. Various statistical techniques, such as correlation, principal component analysis were applied. Based on Water Quality Index, water quality of the lake was in the range of 33-80 in different seasons. Cluster analysis of similarity indicates the relationship intensity between the seasons as cluster ranged 80-100% during the study period. In the principal component analysis maximum variables (Conductivity, Alkalinity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Nitrates, Phosphates, and Chloride) shows maximum influence during the summer and monsoon. The outcome revealed that the major driving factors of water quality deterioration are the runoff of effluent from the domestic area and offering food materials to the fishes. So, it is necessary to implement effective management strategies for the conservation of the Rewalsarlake.

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Spatial and seasonal variations in physico-chemical parameters of the Imo River Estuary, Niger Delta, Nigeria

Journal of Aquatic Sciences ◽

10.4314/jas.v35i1.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 29-38

Author(s):

L. E. Obuba ◽

A.A. Nlewadim ◽

A. Uka

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Coastal Wetlands ◽

River Estuary ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Principal Component ◽

Chemical Parameters ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Chemical Factors ◽

Analysis Of Results

Variations in the water quality of the Imo River estuary was investigated by measuring values of selected physico-chemical parameters. Samples were collected bi-monthly between April 2015 and March 2016, covering the dry and wet seasons of the year. Three stations were selected: upstream (Kalibiama), midstream (Opobo) and downstream (Queenstown). Analysis of results showed that physico-chemical parameters were affected more on seasonal than spatial scale. Principal component analysis carried out indicated that values of most of the parameters recorded within the stations clustered together. On the other hand, dispersed values were recorded in months and seasons with significant variations at (p≤0.05) among most parameters. The high spatial variations in phosphates, suspended solids and lead could be associated to human activities like laundry and waste disposal within Opobo and Kalibiama stations. While, high seasonal variability in most parameters could be associated with intense sunshine, cloud cover and tidal intrusion/dilution due to runoff. It can be concluded that nutrient fluxes due to nitrogenous fertilizers are not a problem within the estuary. However, chemical factors and biodegradable components which cause fluctuations in biological oxygen demand are more of the challenge. Keywords: Land-use, nutrient flux, water-quality, pollution, coastal wetlands.

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Evaluation of Water Quality and Benthic Macrointervebrates Fauna Relationship Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA): A Case Study of Cameron Highlands Malaysia

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ◽

10.5296/emsd.v5i1.9399 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 187 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kok Weng Tan ◽

Weng Chee Beh

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Principal Component Analysis ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Principal Component ◽

Component Analysis ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Average Density ◽

Class Iii ◽

Cameron Highlands

This study applies the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to evaluate and interpret the relationship between water quality and benthic macro-invertebrates fauna data obtained from Pauh River, Cameron Highlands. Samples were collected once every two months (in February, April, June, August and October 2013) with six chosen sampling stations. Six water quality parameters namely dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), total suspended solid (TSS) and heavy metals contents were analyzed according to American Public Health Association (APHA), Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater (1998). Macro-invertebrates were also sampled using Surber sampler and were identified until their family level. Water Quality Index (WQI) values for all stations were class II except for the station 6 which was recorded as class III. Both the diversity and biotic indices showed decreasing value from the upstream (Station 1) to downstream (Station 6). A total 28 to 31 taxa have been found in Station 1, 2, 3 and 5 (upstream to middle stream). However, only 7 taxa found at station 6 (downstream). Total 31 taxa with an average density 368.28 ind/m2 were found in Station 4 which was highest number of taxa among the monitoring stations. The principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on the dataset, which explained 72.15 % of the total variance of the variables. Three components were extracted in this study. First component was classified as benthic macroinvertebrates which tolerated to low water quality condition and high loading of organic matters. The benthic macro-invertebrates families loaded in second component were sensitive to water environment such as NH3-N, dissolved oxygen (DO), organic matter and stream flow. The benthic macroinvertebrate families loaded in third component were recognized as species which might not tolerate low concentration of dissolved oxygen.

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Linking Land Use Metrics Measured in Aquatic–Terrestrial Interfaces to Water Quality of Reservoir-Based Water Sources in Eastern China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11184860 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (18) ◽

pp. 4860 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lilian Ding ◽

Qiyao Li ◽

Jianjun Tang ◽

Jiangfei Wang ◽

Xin Chen

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Land Use ◽

Eastern China ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Ammonia Nitrogen ◽

Water Sources ◽

Self Organizing Map ◽

Water Safety ◽

Construction Land

The effects of anthropogenic land use on the water quality of reservoir-based water sources are understudied. We trained a self-organizing map (SOM) to measure the spatial pattern of nutrients over the course of a year in 61 reservoirs located in eastern China. In the linear regression model and one-way analyses of variance, we found that water quality was influenced by period of the year (flood, low, and normal periods based on rainfall conditions) and reservoir altitude (plains vs. mountains). Our results indicated that land use metrics measured in aquatic–terrestrial interfaces significantly influenced the water quality of reservoirs. The land use intensity (LUI) and the proportion of construction land had a positive correlation with ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and chemical oxygen demand (CODMn) concentrations, and redundancy analysis indicated that the percent of landscape (PLAND) represented by construction land was positively correlated with CODMn, NH3-N, total phosphorus (TP), and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations. The proportion of cropland was not correlated with any water quality property except for CODMn concentration. The total explained variance for water quality was highest when the scale was large (the area defined by a 1500 m radius around the reservoir), indicating that management which ensures water safety should be carried out at this scale.

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