scholarly journals Water quality of the Atibaia river in the city of Paulínia/SP: evaluation of the Electrical Conductivity and Chloride variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e66
Author(s):  
Camila Pereira Montovani ◽  
Cassiana Maria Reganhan Coneglian ◽  
Elaine Cristina Catapani Poletti
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Linear Correlation Analysis ◽  
The City

The present study aimed to evaluate the characteristics that most influenced the water quality variability of the Atibaia river in the city of Paulínia/SP, the coordinates of the water collection point are given by 22º44'23”(S) and 47º07 ' 40 ”(W), in the dry and rainy seasons, from 2006 to 2016. The data used in this study come from the monitoring of parameters carried out in the spring by a research team, accompanied by periodic collections of surface water samples and analyzes laboratory tests. The parameters addressed included: precipitation, temperature, Hydrogenionic potential (pH), turbidity, thermotolerant coliforms (Escherichia coli (E. coli)), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (Ntotal), total phosphorus (Ptotal), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and chlorides (Cl-). Water quality was assessed using linear correlation analysis, using the Pearson Correlation coefficient (r), and Multivariate Analysis, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The presence of EC, Cl- and COD in both periods indicates quality characteristics related to the mineralization of organic compounds present in the water and the eutrophication process.

scholarly journals Impact of Partially Treated Wastewater on Downstream Water Quality of Notwane River in Botswana

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Gilbert K. Gaboutloeloe ◽  
Gugu Molokwe ◽  
Benedict Kayombo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Nitrate N ◽  
River Stretch ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
The Impact

The impact of partially treated wastewater on the water quality of Notwane river stretch in the Gaborone region of Botswana was investigated. Water samples collected at effluent discharge point and three other sampling sites downstream were analyzed for pH, temperature, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD5), Ammonia-nitrogen (Ammonia-N) and Nitrate-nitrogen (Nitrate-N). Sampling was conducted bi-weekly between February 2013 and April 2013. The ranges of measured parameters were:  pH (7.6-8.5), temperature (22-23ºC), BOD5 (11.2-27.0 mg/l), Ammonia-N (2.4-60.5 mg/l), Nitrate-N (20.6-28.6 mg/l). Analysis of variance, Games-Howel multiple comparisons and Pearson correlation were used to separate variable means. The results signal river non-point pollution due to runoff inflow of organics mainly from land use and domestic waste dumping by nearby dwellings. Temperature, BOD5, and pH range values were all within the Botswana Bureau of Standards (BOBS) limit while the maximum Ammonia-N and Nitrate-N were above BOBS limit by 50.5 mg/l and 6.6 mg/l, respectively. Regulations on indiscriminate waste dumping and discharge standards adherence should be enforced.

scholarly journals Impact of Changes in Land Use and Land Cover in the Contribution Basin of Doutor João Penido Water Supply Reservoir of Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Juliana Nazareth de Lana ◽  
Márcio de Oliveira ◽  
Vanessa Romario de Paula ◽  
Cézar Henrique Barra Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The City ◽  
Water Supply Reservoirs ◽  
Limnological Parameters

Changes in the land use and land cover in areas adjacent to water reservoirs directly affect the quality of this water. This research presents a study on the water quality in the basin of one of the most important public water supply reservoirs in the city of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. The main objective of this study was to analyze the behavior of limnological parameters and the correlation with land use and land cover in the contribution basin of the Doutor João Penido reservoir (CBJPR). The methodology was based on the analysis of water quality parameters, related to water samples collected from 2012 to 2015. Six sampling points were chosen from different locations: spring, medium course, main tributaries of the reservoir and the reservoir catchment. The parameters analyzed were turbidity, total solids (TS), oxygen consumed (OC), dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), E. Coli, temperature, pH and total dissolved solids (TDS). The Kendall’s tau test was used to analyze the correlations between the parameters of water quality, land use and land cover in the CBJPR. In general, measured parameters showed better results in spring and in reservoir catchment, showing a worse quality of the water along the tributaries and the dilution power of the reservoir. The correlations pointed to the need for protection and preservation of forests in strategic locations to ensure good water quality.

scholarly journals Land use and its impacts on the water quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed, Guarulhos (SP)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhisney Gonçalves de Oliveira ◽  
Reinaldo Romero Vargas ◽  
Antonio Roberto Saad ◽  
Regina De Oliveira Moraes Arruda ◽  
Fabrício Bau Dalmas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water

The urbanization process through which large urban centers have been passing has drastically affected the availability and especially the quality of water. The Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed (CIW), located in the municipality of Guarulhos (State of São Paulo, Brazil), includes areas with different land use classes. This paper aims to correlate the spatial and temporal effects of land use and land cover on the water quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed. In a period of 12 months and at six sampling points along the watershed, the physicochemical parameters temperature (T), pH, turbidity (TU), total solids (TS), electrical conductivity (EC), total phosphorus (TP), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), as well as microbiological analysis (E. coli) were measured. Water quality was assessed using a modified version (WQIM) of the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Trophic State Index (TSI). The areas surrounded by urban development presented a marked worsening in water quality, with the downstream point most affected and ranked as ‘POOR’. From the evaluated parameters, what contributed most to water quality degradation of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed (CIW) was E. coli, followed by BOD, and TP, all parameters related to the presence of sewage in the water. The need for the construction of sewerage and waste treatment, protection and recovery of riparian forests, and environmental education regarding waste disposal are necessary to significantly improve the environmental quality of the Cachoeirinha Invernada Watershed.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE WATER QUALITY INDEX OF THE NEGRO AND RESENDE RIVERS IN DUAS BARRAS DISTRICT, RIO DE JANEIRO (BRAZIL) / ANÁLISE DO ÍNDICE DE QUALIDADE DAS ÁGUAS DOS RIOS NEGRO E RESENDE NO DISTRITO SEDE DE DUAS BARRAS, RIO DE JANEIRO (BRASIL)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Isabella Robert Rodrigues ◽  
Mauro César Geraldes ◽  
Andréa Alves Ferreira ◽  
Marcelo Dos Santos Salomão ◽  
Sérgio Vieira Anversa
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms

In Brazil, about 49% of the population does not have access to the sewage collection network, with the consequent direct discharge of their sewage network into water bodies. Due to this scenario, it is essential to investigate the quality of the water consumed by thousands of people along the Negro and Resende Rivers. The present study analysis the waters of the Negro and Resende rivers, located in Dois Rios River Basin, in the municipality of Duas Barras, Rio de Janeiro State (RJ, SE Brazil), based on the Water Quality Index proposed by the National Sanitation Foundation (United States). The population of the district located in the municipality of Duas Barras dumps the domestic sewage directly into the hydrographic network. The analyzed parameters were: turbidity, total solid residue, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), hydrogenation potential, temperature, dissolved oxygen and thermotolerant coliforms. The values obtained from the calculation of the Water Quality Index (WQI) showed a variation from 40 to 68, meaning that the quality of water vary between bad and acceptable in the study area. The samples collected in the urban area contained values for thermotolerant coliforms in disagreement with the maximum value permissible for classes 2 and 3 of fresh water by CONAMA (Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente; a Brazilian Council for the Environment) Resolution 357/2005. The results of the analyzes confirmed the contamination of the two rivers by the discharge of domestic effluents, showing that actions are necessary to eliminate or minimize the discharge of sewage in the surveyed water bodies, since it may cause public health risks. ResumoNo Brasil, cerca de 49% da população não possui acesso à rede de coleta de esgoto, com o consequente despejo direto da sua rede de esgotos em corpos hídricos. Diante deste cenário, torna-se indispensável investigar a qualidade da água consumida por milhares de pessoas ao longo dos rios Negro e Resende. A presente pesquisa analisou qualitativamente as águas dos rios Negro e Resende, localizados na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Dois Rios, no município de Duas Barras/RJ, a partir do índice de qualidade das águas proposto pela National Sanitation Foundation. A população do distrito sede do município de Duas Barras despeja o esgoto doméstico diretamente na referida rede hidrográfica. Os parâmetros analisados foram: turbidez, resíduo sólido total, fósforo total, nitrogênio total, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio, potencial hidrogêniônico, temperatura, oxigênio dissolvido e coliformes termotolerantes. Os valores obtidos no cálculo do índice de qualidade das águas (IQA) mostraram uma variação de 40 a 68, significando uma qualidade da água entre ruim e razoável. As amostras coletadas na área urbana apresentaram valores para coliformes termotolerantes em desacordo com o valor máximo permitido para classes 2 e 3 de água doce, regulamentados pela Resolução CONAMA 357/2005. O resultado das análises confirmou a contaminação dos dois rios pelo lançamento de efluentes domésticos, os quais poderão originar riscos de saúde pública. Os resultado evidenciam a necessidade de se desenvolverem ações para eliminar ou minimizar os despejos de esgotos nos referidos corpos hídricos.

scholarly journals Investigation of geochemical quality of water from public fountains of Salvador

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carina Matos Silva ◽  
Manoel Jerônimo Moreira Cruz ◽  
Isabel Honorata Souza de Azevedo ◽  
Alexandre Dacorso Daltro Milazzo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Public Access ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
The Public ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
The City ◽  
Support Decision Making

This study aims to characterize, in terms of physicochemical, bacteriological and metal concentration parameters, the water quality of public fountains in the city of Salvador (Bahia, Brazil), in order to identify its potential for current uses, contributing to the diagnosis of water quality on the public access. Therefore, campaigns were conducted in July and November of 2017 and 2018 in four fountains (Fonte Nova, Estica, Pedrinhas/Pedreiras and Express way), which were geo-referenced and analyzed physical-chemical parameters (pH, conductivity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, turbidity and total dissolved solids, salinity, sulfate, nitrate, chloride and alkalinity), bacteriological (thermotolerant coliforms) and metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Co, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn). The fountains showed values in disagreement with the CONAMA Ordinances 396/2008, 357/2005, and 274/2000 mainly about the pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate and Thermotolerant Coliforms parameters, indicating inadequacy for their intended uses. This information should support decision making and mitigation measures that minimize the environmental degradation of urban fountains in the city of Salvador (BA), from the adoption of recovery, revitalization and monitoring measures that enable the effective management of these water resources.

scholarly journals The effect of environmental factors on the abundance of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coli in Sunter River

2021 ◽  
Vol 909 (1) ◽  
pp. 012006
Author(s):  
Efadeswarni ◽  
F Y Amandita ◽  
N Puspandari ◽  
N Aini
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity Test

Abstract The water quality of the Sunter River in Jakarta was classified as heavily polluted due to activities around the river, both domestic and non-domestic. As one of the environmental parameters for water quality, the presence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) is normally found any natural environment, and under certain conditions it can become resistant to antimicrobials due to genetic mutations. The mutated E. coli produces Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) enzymes and has a higher survival ability in antibiotic-contaminated river water, thus potentially endangering public health. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on the abundance of ESBL producing E. coli and their resistance to antibiotic cefotaxime. Sampling was conducted in six locations representing the upstreams and the downstreams of Sunter River, following the Global Surveillance guidelines. E. coli strains were isolated using Tryptone Bile X-glucuronide (TBX) agar medium (with and without the addition of cefotaxime 4μg/ml) and the antibiotic sensitivity test of ESBL E. coli was conducted by performing a double-disk test. The results showed that the highest average abundance of ESBL E. coli was found in the sample taken from Sindang Station (904.24 x 104 colony per unit (CFU) / 100 mL) and the lowest was from Sunter Station (1,58 x 104 CFU / 100 mL). The results of the Bivariate Pearson correlation analysis showed that temperature, pH, and salinity were negatively correlated with the abundance of ESBL-producing E. coli bacteria.

scholarly journals ANÁLISE DE PARÂMETROS FÍSICO-QUÍMICOS DA ÁGUA DA MICROBACIA SÃO JORGE, TARABAI-SP

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94
Author(s):  
Danielli Chagas ◽  
Ana Paula da Silva Caciano Lima ◽  
Elson Mendonça Felici
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Chemical Oxygen Demand ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban

The São Jorge stream micro basin, located in the municipality of Tarabai-SP, is divided into rural and urban areas, with the presence of livestock activities, residential and commercial buildings, as well as a flour industry. Human interference has been modifying water resources, making it necessary to monitor them and identify negative changes. Thus, in order to analyze the water quality of this micro-basin, pH, chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, electrical conductivity and nitrogen were analyzed to check for possible disagreements with the legislation. The results were compared to CONAMA 357/2000, which allowed to find discrepancies in the sample with greater proximity to the industry (4). The qualitative analysis of the stream made it possible to understand how much interference in the micro basininterferes negatively in thequality of its water; they are often not visible or easy to identify, but they are present altering the characteristics of the water.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Water Quality of Boreholes in Selected Areas in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Ogbeifun ◽  
U. D. Archibong ◽  
I. E. Chiedu ◽  
E. E. Ikpe
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Benin City ◽  
North East ◽  
Principal Component Analysis Result ◽  
Edo State

The water quality of selected boreholes in Oredo, Egor and Ovia North-East Local Government Areas in Benin City metropolis was assessed in terms of their physical, microbial and chemical parameters. A total of nine water samples (three per local government) were collected from randomly selected public boreholes in the month of July, 2018. The physicochemical parameters determined and values obtained are as follows: Electrical conductivity ranged 12.85 to 101.94 µS/cm, Temperature 25.00 to 25.01, pH of 4.32 to 5.55, TDS 0.67 to 4.00 mg/l, COD 3.20 to 16.00 mg/l, Turbidity 1.14 to 5.38FTU, Cl- 106.50 to 426.00 mg/l, SO42- 0.41 to 2.87 mg/l, TSS 0.33 to 1.67 mg/l, TS 1.33 to 4.33 mg/l, NO3- 23.73 to 41.48 mg/l, Mg 0.03 to 0.61mg/l, Ca 0.10 to 0.41 mg/l, HCO3- 7.00 to 22.00 mg/l, Na 0.20 to 7.75 mg/l, K 0.41 to 1.20 mg/l, Mn 0.01 to 0.11 mg/l, Fe 0.01 to 0.02 mg/l, Zn 0.01 to 0.65 mg/l, PO4- 0.07 mg/l for all locations, while some metals like Cd, Pb were not detected. Microbial evaluation was done on the samples to assess the level of E. coli, coliforms and bacteria. The principal component analysis result extracted two components each from the three LGAs; In Oredo LGA, Factor 1 accounted for 84.9% while Factor 2 accounts for 15.1%. In Egor LGA, Factor 1 accounts for 51.1% while Factor 2 accounts for 48.9%. In Ovia North-East LGA, Factor 1 accounted for 59.0% while Factor 2 accounts for 49.0% contributions.

scholarly journals Assessment of Surface Water Quality of Danube River in Terms of Usual Parameters and Correlation Analyses

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 398-406
Author(s):  
Romana Drasovean ◽  
Gabriel Murariu ◽  
Gigi Constantinescu ◽  
Adrian Circiumaru
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Index Method

In order to determine the water quality of Danube River, in the Galati area, the Water Quality Index was calculated. Water Quality Index is a useful number of overall qualities of water. Galati is a Danube port city located in south-eastern of Romania. Samples were taken from 9 places along the Danube starting with the place where the Siret flows into the Danube to the Profiland Steel Plant. Profiland Steel is a company in Galai whose main activities are: sheet and zinc strips; treatment and coating of metals. The monitoring period was one year, from November 2016 to December 2017. Every month, thirty physical - chemical parameters were investigated. In this study the assessment of surface water quality was determined on the basis of various indicators such as: potassium and calcium ions, nitrites, nitrates, total nitrogen, ammonium, chlorides, total phosphorus, sulphates, cadmium, chrome, copper, lead, iron, zinc, density, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (CCO-Cr), biochemical oxygen demand (CBO5), electrical conductivity, the density of the conductivity, resistivity, pH, salinity, total dissolved solids. The water quality index (WQI) has been calculated by using Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index Method. Two types of correlations were developed: Pearson correlation matrix and Spearman correlation.

Assessment of Aquatic Ecological Health: A Case Study of Lake Rewalsar, Himachal Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMA KUMARI ◽  
PARMANAND KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Different Seasons

The present study was conducted for two years to analyze the water quality of the sacred lake Rewalsar. Water quality of different seasons was evaluated by water quality index. Various statistical techniques, such as correlation, principal component analysis were applied. Based on Water Quality Index, water quality of the lake was in the range of 33-80 in different seasons. Cluster analysis of similarity indicates the relationship intensity between the seasons as cluster ranged 80-100% during the study period. In the principal component analysis maximum variables (Conductivity, Alkalinity, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Nitrates, Phosphates, and Chloride) shows maximum influence during the summer and monsoon. The outcome revealed that the major driving factors of water quality deterioration are the runoff of effluent from the domestic area and offering food materials to the fishes. So, it is necessary to implement effective management strategies for the conservation of the Rewalsarlake.

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