scholarly journals Contribution of AvianSalmonella entericaIsolates to Human Salmonellosis Cases in Constantine (Algeria)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachid Elgroud ◽  
Sophie A. Granier ◽  
Muriel Marault ◽  
Annaëlle Kerouanton ◽  
Abdesslem Lezzar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Epidemiological Investigation ◽  
Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Human Salmonellosis ◽  
Single Clone

An epidemiological investigation was carried out on one hundredSalmonellaisolates from broiler farms, slaughterhouses, and human patients in the Constantine region of Algeria, in order to explore the contribution of avian strains to human salmonellosis cases in this region over the same period of time. The isolates were characterized by phenotypic as well as genotypic methods. A large variety of antimicrobial resistance profiles was found among human isolates, while only seven profiles were found among avian isolates. Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR), Insertion Sequence200-PCR (IS200-PCR), and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) resulted in the allocation of the isolates to 16, 20, and 34 different profiles, respectively. The 3 genotyping methods led to complementary results by underlining the clonality of some serovars with the diffusion and persistence of a single clone in the Constantine area as well as stressing the polymorphism present in isolates belonging to other serovars, indicating the diversity of potential reservoirs of nontyphoidalSalmonella. Altogether, our results seem to indicate that nontyphoidal avianSalmonellamay play an important role in human salmonellosis in the Constantine region.

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from broilers and pigs in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1311-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusadee Phongaran ◽  
Seri Khang-Air ◽  
Sunpetch Angkititrakul
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genetic Relatedness ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate

Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella spp., and the genetic relatedness between isolates from broilers and pigs at slaughterhouses in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples (604 broilers and 562 pigs) were collected from slaughterhouses from April to July 2018. Salmonella spp. were isolated and identified according to the ISO 6579:2002. Salmonella-positive isolates were identified using serotyping and challenged with nine antimicrobial agents: Amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMC, 30 μg), ampicillin (AMP, 10 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 μg), nalidixic acid (NAL, 30 μg), norfloxacin (10 μg), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT, 25 μg), and tetracycline (TET, 30 μg). Isolates of the predominant serovar Salmonella Typhimurium were examined for genetic relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: Salmonella was detected in 18.05% of broiler isolates and 37.54% of pig isolates. The most common serovars were Kentucky, Give, and Typhimurium in broilers and Rissen, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden in pigs. Among broilers, isolates were most commonly resistant to antibiotics, NAL, AMP, TET, AMC, and CIP. Pig isolates most commonly exhibited antimicrobial resistance against AMP, TET, and SXT. Based on PFGE results among 52 S. Typhimurium isolates from broilers and pigs, a high genetic relatedness between broiler and pig isolates (85% similarity) in Cluster A and C from PFGE result was identified. Conclusion: The results revealed high cross-contamination between these two animal species across various provinces in Thailand. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, broilers, pigs, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Salmonella spp.

scholarly journals High Incidence of Cefoxitin and Clindamycin Resistance among Anaerobes in Taiwan

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 2908-2913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee-Jene Teng ◽  
Po-Ren Hsueh ◽  
Jui-Chang Tsai ◽  
Shwu-Jen Liaw ◽  
Shen-Wu Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Single Clone ◽  
Resistance Rates

ABSTRACT Susceptibilities to 16 antimicrobial agents were determined by measurement of MICs for 344 isolates of anaerobic bacteria recovered from patients with significant infections. Resistance rates varied among antimicrobial agents and the species tested. The β-lactams were more active in gram-positive than in gram-negative anaerobes. Resistance to meropenem was low (<1%). For β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitors, piperacillin-tazobactam was most active for all species (resistance, <6%). The rates of resistance to cefoxitin (31 to 65%) and clindamycin (50 to 70%) for non-Bacteroides fragilis species of the B. fragilis group were higher than those for B. fragilis (4% resistant to cefoxitin and 33% resistant to clindamycin). Among members of B. fragilis group, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron was the most resistant to clindamycin (70%) and cefoxitin (65%). Rates of susceptibility to imipenem and metronidazole for B. fragilis continue to be high compared to those from a previous study 10 years ago. However, resistance to metronidazole was found recently in five strains of B. fragilis. We analyzed the genetic relationships among the metronidazole-resistant B. fragilis strains by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. The metronidazole-resistant B. fragilis strains showed genotypic heterogeneity, excluding the dissemination of a single clone.

Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella enterica Isolates from Bulk Tank Milk and Milk Filters in the United States†

2013 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. VAN KESSEL ◽  
J. SONNIER ◽  
S. ZHAO ◽  
J. S. KARNS
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Class I ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Class I Integrons ◽  
Bulk Tank

Salmonella isolates were recovered from bulk tank milk as part of the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) Dairy 2002 and 2007 surveys. In-line milk filters were also tested in the 2007 survey. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among Salmonella enterica isolates from bulk milk and milk filters in the NAHMS Dairy 2002 and 2007 surveys and to further characterize resistant isolates. Susceptibilities to 15 antibiotics were determined for 176 Salmonella isolates of 26 serotypes using an automated antimicrobial susceptibility system. Resistant isolates were screened by PCR for the presence of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase (blaCMY) gene and class I integrons and further characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Thirty isolates (17.0%) representing six S. enterica serotypes exhibited resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent (serotypes Newport [14 of 14 isolates exhibited resistance], Dublin [7 of 7], Typhimurium [3 of 5], Kentucky [4 of 22], Anatum [1 of 13], and Infantis [1 of 2]). Twenty isolates (11.4%), including all 14 Newport, 3 Dublin, 2 Typhimurium, and 1 Infantis isolate, displayed the typical multidrug-resistant, blaCMY-positive (MDR-AmpC) phenotype which included resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamide, and tetracycline, plus resistance to amoxicillin–clavulanic acid and extended-spectrum cephalosporins. Five of the MDR-AmpC isolates carried class I integrons (2.8%). Two-enzyme (XbaI and BlnI) pulsed-field gel electrophoresis discerned clades within serotypes and, together with the resistance profiles, identified strains that appeared to have persisted temporally and geographically. These results suggest that there is a low but appreciable risk of infection with MDR Salmonella from consumption of nonpasteurized milk and dairy products.

scholarly journals Class 1 Integrons Increase Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole MICs against Epidemiologically Unrelated Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolates

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 666-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Barbolla ◽  
Mariana Catalano ◽  
Betina E. Orman ◽  
Angela Famiglietti ◽  
Carlos Vay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Class 1 Integrons ◽  
Resistance Determinants ◽  
Class 1

ABSTRACT Twenty-five plasmid-specified antimicrobial resistance determinants common to gram-negative bacilli from nosocomial infection were investigated from 31 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates. Twenty-four clones were identified by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and in three clones that exhibited an increased trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole MIC, the sul1 determinant was found. These results support not only the higher spread of class 1 integrons compared to other mechanisms but also the potential limitation of using trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for therapy of severe S. maltophilia infections.

Characterization of Antimicrobial-Resistant Phenotypes and Genotypes among Salmonella enterica Recovered from Pigs on Farms, from Transport Trucks, and from Pigs after Slaughter

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 698-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
WONDWOSSEN A. GEBREYES ◽  
PETER R. DAVIES ◽  
PAA-KOBINA TURKSON ◽  
W. E. MORGAN MORROW ◽  
JULIE A. FUNK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Chloramphenicol Resistance ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The main objectives of this study were to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns among Salmonella serotypes and to evaluate the role of transport trucks in dissemination of antimicrobial-resistant strains of Salmonella. Salmonella from groups of nursery and finishing pigs on farms, from trucks, and from pigs after slaughter were compared using serotyping, patterns of antimicrobial resistance, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns. The five farms included in the study yielded 858 isolates representing 27 Salmonella serovars. The most common resistance observed (80% of all isolates) was to tetra-cycline; resistance to ampicillin (42%), chloramphenicol (31%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (30%), and piperacillin (31%) also were common. We found a correlation between serovar and antimicrobial resistance. High correlation was found between Salmonella Typhimurium var. Copenhagen and chloramphenicol resistance (Spearman rank correlation, ρ = 0.7). Multidrug resistance was observed primarily in Salmonella Typhimurium var. Copenhagen (94%) and Salmonella Typhimurium (93%) and was much less common in the other common serovars, including Salmonella Derby (7%) and Salmonella Heidelberg (8%). Of the 225 isolates exhibiting the most common pentaresistance pattern in this study, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid–ampicillin–chloramphenicol–piperacillin–tetracycline, 220 (98%) were Salmonella Typhimurium var. Copenhagen, and 86% of the isolates of this serovar had this pattern. Isolates from the trucks were similar, based on pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns, to those from the cecum and mesenteric lymph nodes of pigs on two of the farms, suggesting the probable infection of pigs during transport. Class I integrons were also common among various serovars.

scholarly journals Local Genetic Patterns within a Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Clone Isolated in Three Hospitals in Portugal

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 3613-3617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Novais ◽  
Teresa M. Coque ◽  
João Carlos Sousa ◽  
Fernando Baquero ◽  
Luisa Peixe
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococcus ◽  
Pulsed Field ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Single Clone ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT Eight pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtypes and six Tn1546 variants were identified among Enterococcus faecalis isolates of a single clone recovered in three geographically separate Portuguese hospitals. Some clonal subtypes were found in particular hospitals, and Tn1546 variants were either widespread or confined to some of them. We also report on the first Tn1546 transposon containing an ISEf1 insertion.

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