Preparation, Characterization, and Pharmacological Activity ofCymbopogon winterianusJowitt ex Bor (Poaceae) Leaf Essential Oil ofβ-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes

This study aimed to evaluate the orofacial antinociceptive effect of theCymbopogon winterianusessential oil (LEO) complexed inβ-cyclodextrin (LEO-CD) and to assess the possible involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). The LEO was extracted, chromatographed, and complexed inβ-cyclodextrin. The complex was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry derivative (TG/DTG). Male Swiss mice (2-3 months) were treated with LEO-CD (50–200 mg/kg, p.o.), vehicle (distilled water, p.o.), or standard drug (i.p.) and subjected to the orofacial nociception formalin-, capsaicin-, and glutamate-induced. After the formalin test, the animals were perfused and the brains subjected to immunofluorescence for Fos. The rota-rod test (7 rpm/min) was carried out. Geraniol (37.57%) was the main compound of LEO. DSC and TG/DTG proved the complexation. The orofacial nociceptive behavior was significantly (p<0.05) reduced. The number of Fos-positive cells was significantly changed in the dorsal raphe nucleus (p<0.01), locus coeruleus (p<0.001), trigeminal nucleus (p<0.05), and trigeminal thalamic tract (p<0.05). LEO-CD did not cause changes in motor coordination in the rota-rod test. Thus, our results suggested that LEO-CD has an orofacial antinociceptive profile, probably mediated by the activation of the CNS without changing the motor coordination.

Download Full-text

Antinociceptive effect of Aristolochia trilobata stem essential oil and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2yl acetate, its main compound, in rodents

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C ◽

10.1515/znc-2016-0053 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 72 (3-4) ◽

pp. 93-97 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jullyana de Souza Siqueira Quintans ◽

Rafael dos Santos Alves ◽

Darlisson de Alexandria Santos ◽

Mairim Russo Serafini ◽

Péricles Barreto Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Motor Coordination ◽

Formalin Test ◽

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Second Phase ◽

Nociceptive Response ◽

Aromatic Plant ◽

Nociceptive Behavior ◽

Writhing Test ◽

Main Compound

Abstract Aristolochia trilobata L. is an aromatic plant, popularly known as “mil-homens”, and its essential oil (EO) is generally used to treat colic, diarrhea and dysentery disorders. We evaluated the antinociceptive effect of A. trilobata stem EO and of its major compound, the (R)-(-)-6-methyl-5-hepten-2-yl acetate (sulcatyl acetate: SA), using acetic acid (0.85%)-induced writhing response and formalin-induced (20 μL of 1%) nociceptive behavior in mice. We also evaluated the EO and SA effect on motor coordination, using the rota-rod apparatus. EO (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg) or SA (25 and 50 mg/kg) reduced nociceptive behavior in the writhing test (p<0.001). EO (100 mg/kg) and SA (25 and 50 mg/kg) decreased the nociception on the first phase of the formalin test (p<0.05). On the second phase, EO (25: p<0.01; 50: p<0.05 and 100 mg/kg: p<0.001) and SA (25 and 50 mg/kg; p<0.001) reduced the nociceptive response induced by formalin. EO and SA were not able to cause changes in the motor coordination of animals. Together, our results suggest that EO has an analgesic profile and SA seems to be one of the active compounds in this effect.

Download Full-text

Fractions of Selaginella convoluta (Arn.) Spring (Selaginellaceae) attenuate the nociceptive behavior events in mice

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.189761 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

pp. 57-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. A. R. Oliveira-Macêdo ◽

A. G. M. Pacheco ◽

S. R. G. Lima-Saraiva ◽

J. C. Silva ◽

R. G. Oliveira-Júnior ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Motor Coordination ◽

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Second Phase ◽

Significant Activity ◽

Nociceptive Behavior ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Rota Rod Test ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Selaginella convoluta (Arn.) Spring is a species popularly known as “jericó”, and used in folk medicine as analgesic and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed to investigate in mice the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the hexane (Sc-Hex) and chloroform (Sc-CHCl3) fractions (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) obtained by partition of crude ethanol extract from S. convoluta. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the fractions was performed. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated by writhing, formalin and hot-plate tests. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan-induced pleurisy. The rota-rod test was used to evaluate motor coordination. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that the Sc-Hex and the Sc-CHCl3 were positive for the presence of flavonoids, anthracene derivatives, quinones, triterpenes and steroids. Inhibition of writhing was observed for fractions tested. The Sc-Hex at all doses tested was effective in reducing the nociceptive behavior produced by formalin only in the second phase. However, the Sc-CHCl3 decreased the paw licking time in the first and second phases. In the hot plate no significant effect was observed for any fraction. In the rota-rod test, treated mice did not demonstrate any significant motor performance changes. In the carrageenan-induced pleurisy, Sc-CHCl3 (200 mg/kg) reduced cell migration to the pleural cavity. These results reveal the antinociceptive properties of S. convoluta , which support, in part, its traditional use, since the fractions did not presented significant activity in the inflammatory response profile. We further verify that this antinociceptive effect could be by activation of nociceptive peripheral pathway.

Download Full-text

Effect of the Croton rhamnifolioides Essential Oil and the Inclusion Complex (OEFC/β-CD) in Antinociceptive Animal Models

Macromol ◽

10.3390/macromol1020008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 94-111

Author(s):

Anita Oliveira Brito Pereira Bezerra Martins ◽

Maria Rayane Correia de Oliveira ◽

Isabel Sousa Alcântara ◽

Lindaiane Bezerra Rodrigues ◽

Francisco Rafael Alves Santana Cesário ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Inclusion Complex ◽

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Hot Plate ◽

Cyclodextrin Inclusion ◽

Antinociceptive Effects ◽

Plate Models ◽

Leaf Essential Oil ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Therapy Of Pain

This study aims to evaluate the antinociceptive effect of the C. rhamnifolioides leaf essential oil (OEFC) and the β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex (COEFC) and investigate the pain signaling pathways involved in the antinociceptive response. The effects of the OEFC and COEFC on the central nervous system (CNS) were determined by open field and rota-rod assays, and the antinociceptive effect was evaluated via the acetic acid-induced abdominal contortions, formalin, and hot plate models. Swiss (Mus musculus) male mice (20–30 g) were used in both trials. The OEFC (200 mg/kg/v.o-orally) and COEFC (83.5 mg/kg/v.o.) did not present alterations in the CNS. The OEFC (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/vo.) and COEFC (8.35, 41.75, and 83.5 mg/kg/v.o.) demonstrated antinociceptive effects in the abdominal contortions, formalin, and hot plate tests. The OEFC (25 mg/kg/v.o.) and COEFC (8.35 mg/kg/v.o.) doses showed that the antinociceptive effect involves the activation of the opioid, cholinergic, and vanilloid systems, as well as the L-arginine/NO and α-2 adrenergic receptor pathways. The antinociceptive potential the OEFC and COEFC demonstrate possible alternatives for the therapy of pain. However, the COEFC presented more significant effects at lower doses than the isolated OEFC, where this action may be justified by the properties and advantages of the complexation.

Download Full-text

Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects of the Essential Oil from Leaves ofXylopia laevigatain Experimental Models

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1155/2014/816450 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

João Carlos C. Queiroz ◽

Ângelo R. Antoniolli ◽

Lucindo J. Quintans-Júnior ◽

Renan G. Brito ◽

Rosana S. S. Barreto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Folk Medicine ◽

Piriform Cortex ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Acute Administration ◽

Nitrite Production ◽

Leaf Essential Oil ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Profile

Xylopia laevigata(Annonaceae) is a medicinal plant used in folk medicine to treat pain and inflammation. Thus, we investigated the possible antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory effects ofX. laevigataleaf essential oil (EOX) in animal models. Our EOX sample showed the presence ofγ-muurolene (17.78%),δ-cadinene (12.23%), bicyclogermacrene (7.77%), andα-copaene (7.17%) as main compounds. EOX presented a strong antioxidant potential according to the DPPH, TBARS, and nitrite production tests. Additionally, pretreatment with EOX, in mice, also significantly produced (P<0.05orP<0.001) antinociceptive effect by reduction of nociceptive behavior (in formalin and writhing tests). The EOX showed c-Fos label in the olfactory bulb, piriform cortex, and periaqueductal gray. Acute administration of EOX exhibited a significant (P<0.01orP<0.001) anti-inflammatory profile in the carrageenan-induced peritonitis and by the carrageenan-induced hindpaw edema tests in mice. Our results provide evidence for the use ofX. laevigataby traditional medicine practitioners in the management of pain and inflammatory disorders.

Download Full-text

Insecticidal activity ofGallesia integrifolia (Phytolaccaceae) essential oil

Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromaticas ◽

10.37360/blacpma.21.20.1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 38-50

Author(s):

Keila Fernanda Raimundo ◽

◽

Wanessa de Campos Bortolucci ◽

Isabelle Luiz Rahal ◽

Hérika Line Marko de Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Insecticidal Activity ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Main Compound ◽

Natural Insecticide ◽

Insecticide Activity ◽

Leaf Essential Oil

This study evaluated the insecticidal activity of Gallesia integrifoliaessential oil from fruits, leaves, and flowers against Aedes aegyptilarvae and pupae. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Sulfur compounds represented 95 to 99% of the essential oil from fruits, leaves, and flowers. Essential oil major compounds were 2,8-dithianonane (52.6%) in fruits, 3,5-dithiahexanol-5,5-dioxide (38.9%) in leaves, and methionine ethyl ester (45.3%) in flowers. The essential oils showed high activity against larvae, and low for pupae withLC99.9of 5.87 and 1476.67μg/mL from fruits; 0.0096 and 348.33 μg/mL from leaves and 0.021and 342.84 μg/mL from flowers, respectively. The main compound with insecticide activity is probably n-ethyl-1,3-dithioisoindole, from isoindole organothiophosphate class, found in greater amount in flower and leaf essential oil. The great insecticide activity of G. integrifoliaessential oil suggests that this product is a natural insecticide.

Download Full-text

Topical Antinociceptive Effect ofVanillosmopsis arboreaBaker on Acute Corneal Pain in Mice

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/708636 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Laura Hévila Inocêncio Leite ◽

Gerlânia de Oliveira Leite ◽

Thales Silva Coutinho ◽

Severino Denício Gonçalves de Sousa ◽

Renata Souza Sampaio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Methyl Ester ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Ruthenium Red ◽

Test Model ◽

Nacl Solution ◽

Nociceptive Behavior ◽

Corneal Surface ◽

Central Muscarinic Receptors

This study aimed to assess the possible topical antinociceptive activity ofVanillosmopsis arboreaBaker essential oil (EOVA) and to clarify the underlying mechanism, using the acute model of chemical (eye wiping) nociception in mice. EOVA (25 to 200 mg/kg; p.o. and topical) evidenced significant antinociception against chemogenic pain in the test model of formalin-induced neuroinflammatory pain. Local application of 5 M NaCl solution on the corneal surface of the eye produced a significant nociceptive behavior, characterized by eye wiping. The number of eye wipes was counted during the first 30 s. EOVA (25, 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg; p.o. and topical) significantly decreased the number of eye wipes. Naloxone, yohimbine, L-NAME, theophylline, glibenclamide, and ruthenium red had no effect on the antinociceptive effect of EOVA. However, ondansetron, p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester (PCPA), capsazepine, prazosin, and atropine prevented the antinociception induced by EOVA. These results indicate the topical antinociceptive effect of EOVA and showed that 5-HT,α1, TRPV1, and central muscarinic receptors might be involved in the antinociceptive effect of EOVA in the acute corneal model of pain in mice.

Download Full-text

Effects of the Hyptis martiusii Benth. leaf essential oil and 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) on the central nervous system of mice

Food and Chemical Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.fct.2019.110802 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 133 ◽

pp. 110802 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Francisco Rodolpho Sobreira Dantas Nóbrega de Figuêiredo ◽

Álefe Brito Monteiro ◽

Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes ◽

Valterlúcio dos Santos Sales ◽

Emmily Petícia do Nascimento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Leaf Essential Oil ◽

The Central Nervous System

Download Full-text

The Effect of Carvacrol on Inflammatory Pain and Motor Coordination in Rats

Acta veterinaria ◽

10.1515/acve-2016-0041 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 478-488 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mirjana Milovanović ◽

Miloš Milosavljević ◽

Marjanović S Đorđe ◽

Saša Trailović M ◽

Marijana Vučinić ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Pain ◽

Motor Coordination ◽

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Female Rats ◽

Male Rats ◽

Plant Essential Oils ◽

The Family ◽

Rota Rod Test ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

The Impact

AbstractCarvacrol is a monoterpenic phenol and an active ingredient of the plant essential oils of the family Lamiaceae. We have investigated the analgesic effect of carvacrol, the possible dependence of the effect in relation to animal sex, and the impact of carvacrol on motor coordination in rats. Hyperalgesia was induced by formalin (1.5%), which was administered SC in the upper lip of rat. Hyperalgesia and effects of carvacrol and indomethacin were measured by using the orofacial formalin test. The influence on motor coordination in animals treated with carvacrol was investigated by using the rota-rod test. Carvacrol administered PO in pre-treatment (45 min. prior to formalin) at a single dose of 50, 75 and 100 mg /kg BW, in the male, 50 and 100 mg /kg BW, in female rats caused a dose-dependent antinociceptive effect. This effect of carvacrol was significantly higher (P<0.01, P<0.001) in male rats. Compared with indomethacin administered during pre-treatment (2 mg/kg, PO), carvacrol (100 mg/kg) exhibits significantly higher (P <0.05 and P <0.001) antinociceptive effect on formalininduced hyperalgesia in male rats. In the rota-rod test carvacrol did not disturb the motor coordination in male rats, nor the dose of carvacrol with clear antinociceptive properties exhibited depressive effect on the CNS of treated rats. Keeping in mind that the monoterpene carvacrol is of plant origin, with potentially less side effects and without residues, it is realistic to expect the possibility of its therapeutic use in the treatment of inflammatory pain in animals.

Download Full-text