scholarly journals In VitroSeeds Germination and Seedling Growth of Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea(L.) Verdc. (Fabaceae))

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mongomaké Koné ◽  
Tchoa Koné ◽  
Nakpalo Silué ◽  
André Brahima Soumahoro ◽  
Tanoh Hilaire Kouakou
Keyword(s):  
Basal Medium ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Growth Performances

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea(L.) Verdc.) is an indigenous grain legume. It occupies a prominent place in the strategies to ensure food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Development of an efficientin vitroregeneration system, a prerequisite for genetic transformation application, requires the establishment of optimal conditions for seeds germination and plantlets development. Three types of seeds were inoculated on different basal media devoid of growth regulators. Various strengths of the medium of choice and the type and concentration of carbon source were also investigated. Responses to germination varied with the type of seed. Embryonic axis (EA) followed by seeds without coat (SWtC) germinated rapidly and expressed a high rate of germination. The growth performances of plantlets varied with the basal medium composition and the seeds type. The optimal growth performances of plants were displayed on half strength MS basal medium with SWtC and EA as source of seeds. Addition of 3% sucrose in the culture medium was more suitable for a maximum growth of plantlets derived from EA.

scholarly journals Bambara Groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) Production, Utilisation and Genetic Improvement in Sub-Saharan Africa

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1345
Author(s):  
Nomathemba Gloria Majola ◽  
Abe Shegro Gerrano ◽  
Hussein Shimelis
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Market Access ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Sub Saharan

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea [L.] Verdc.) is a nutritionally rich grain legume crop indigenous to Africa. It is tolerant to drought stress and has become adapted to grow under low input and marginal agricultural production systems in Africa and Asia. Bambara groundnut is an orphan crop, and represents a neglected and under researched plant genetic resource. Modern crop management, production technologies, and value chains are yet to be developed in Africa to achieve the potential economic gains from Bambara groundnut production and marketing. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) the production and productivity of Bambara groundnut is low and stagnant because of diverse abiotic and biotic stresses and socio-economic constraints. Improved crop management and post handling technologies, modern varieties with high yield and nutritional quality, value addition, and market access are among the key considerations in current and future Bambara groundnut research and development programs. This paper presents progress on Bambara groundnut production, utilization, and genetic improvement in SSA. It presents the key production constraints, genetic resources and analysis, breeding methods and genetic gains on yield, and nutritional quality and outlook. The information presented will guide the sustainable production and effective breeding of the crop in order to pursue food and nutrition security, and improve livelihoods through Bambara groundnut enterprises.

scholarly journals Effect of Soaking and Boiling on Anti-nutritional Factors, Oligosaccharide Contents and Protein Digestibility of Newly Developed Bambara Groundnut Cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaposi Adeleke ◽  
Oladipupo Qudus Adiamo ◽  
Olumide Samson Fawale ◽  
Gbeminiyi Olamiti
Keyword(s):  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Tropical Agriculture ◽  
Vigna Subterranea ◽  
Nutritional Factors ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Vitro Protein

Newly developed Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) seeds (Accessions No: TVSU 5 – Bambara Groundnut White (BGW) and TVSU 146 – Bambara Groundnut Brown (BGB)) were collected from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Nigeria, planted and harvested. The effects of processing methods (soaking and boiling) on anti-nutritional factors and oligosaccharides content and protein digestibility of BGW and BGB compared with Bambara groundnut commercial (BGC) seeds were investigated. Soaking and boiling significantly reduced the anti-nutritional factors of the samples and the effect increased as processing time was elongated. Sample BGC had lower anti-nutritional factors than BGW and BGB after soaking for 48 h. Tannin contents of the samples were reduced drastically by 99 % throughout the soaking periods. Greatest loss in raffinose level was observed in BGB (59%) and BGW (50%) after boiling for 60 min compared with BGC (43%). The loss in stachyose content of the samples varies with processing and BGC (59%) had greatest loss after boiling for 60 min while soaking for 48 h reduced that of BGB and BGW by 57 and 35%, respectively. Boiling for 60 min increased the in vitro protein digestibility of BGB (89.34 %) compared with BGW (87.48%) and BGC (82.89%). Overall, the results demonstrated that soaking and boiling of newly developed Bambara groundnut seeds could improve the nutritive quality of the seeds.

CALIBRATION AND VALIDATION OF FAO-AQUACROP MODEL FOR IRRIGATED AND WATER DEFICIENT BAMBARA GROUNDNUT

2011 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. S. KARUNARATNE ◽  
S. N. AZAM-ALI ◽  
G. IZZI ◽  
P. STEDUTO
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Women Farmers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Aquacrop Model

SUMMARYSimulation of yield response to water plays an increasingly important role in optimization of crop water productivity (WP) especially in prevalent drought in Africa. The present study is focused on a representative crop: bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea), an ancient grain legume grown, cooked, processed and traded mainly by subsistence women farmers in sub-Saharan Africa. Over four years (2002, 2006–2008), glasshouse experiments were conducted at the Tropical Crops Research Unit, University of Nottingham, UK under controlled environments with different landraces, temperatures (23 ± 5 °C, 28 ± 5 °C, 33 ± 5 °C) and soil moisture regimes (irrigated, early drought, late drought). Parallel to this, field experiments were conducted in Swaziland (2002/2003) and Botswana (2007/2008). Crop measurements of canopy cover (CC), biomass (B) and pod yield (Y) of selected experiments from glasshouse (2006 and 2007) and field (Botswana) were used to calibrate the FAO AquaCrop model. Subsequently, the model was validated against independent data sets from glasshouse (2002 and 2008) and field (Swaziland) for different landraces. AquaCrop simulations for CC, B and Y of different bambara groundnut landraces are in good agreement with observed data with R2 (CC-0.88; B-0.78; Y-0.72), but with significant underestimation for some landraces.

scholarly journals A Highly Efficient In Vitro Cranberry Regeneration System Using Leaf Explants

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 948-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luping Qu ◽  
James Polashock ◽  
Nicholi Vorsa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Adventitious Regeneration ◽  
Explant Orientation

A very efficient adventitious regeneration (shoot organogenesis) system for cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) leaves was developed. A basal medium consisting of Anderson's rhododendron salts and Murashige and Skoog's (MS) organics, supplemented with 10.0 μm thidiazuron (TDZ) and 5.0 μm 2ip, was effective for adventitious regeneration from leaves for the five cranberry cultivars tested: `Early Black', `Pilgrim', `Stevens', `Ben Lear', and `No. 35'. Parameters examined included: 1) varying combinations of three plant growth regulators (TDZ, 2ip, and NAA); 2) explant orientation (adaxial vs. abaxial side in contact with the medium); and 3) leaf position relative to the apical meristem from the source plant. Cultivars varied in regeneration frequency, but cultivar × growth regulator interaction was nonsignificant. With optimal treatment conditions, regeneration occurred on more than 95% of the explants, with `Early Black' and `Pilgrim' producing as many as 100 shoot meristems per explant. At all concentrations tested, NAA (as low as 0.1 μm) increased callus formation and significantly reduced regeneration. Emerging adventitious shoots were always observed on the adaxial side of the leaves regardless of explant orientation on the medium. Regeneration was much greater when the abaxial side was in contact with the medium, and was not related to leaf position on the source plants. Elongation of adventitious shoots began ≈2 weeks after transfer to the basal medium without growth regulators. Cuttings of elongated shoots rooted 100% both in vitro in the basal medium and ex vitro in shredded sphagnum moss. The high regeneration efficiency achieved by using this system will be very useful in the application of techniques, such as Agrobacterium- and particle bombardment-mediated transformation. Chemical names used: 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl) urea (thidiazuron, TDZ); N6-(γ-γ-dimethyallylamino) purine (2ip); α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).

scholarly journals 117 An In Vitro Regeneration System for Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 461E-461
Author(s):  
Winthrop B. Phippen ◽  
James E. Simon
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Induction Medium ◽  
Shoot Induction ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Transformation Protocol ◽  
Regeneration Procedure

A plant regeneration protocol was successfully developed for basil (O. basilicum L.). Explants from 1-month-old seedlings yielded the highest frequency of regeneration of shoots (37%) with an average number of 3.6 shoots per explant. Calli and shoot induction were initiated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with thidiazuron (TDZ) (4 mg/L) for ≈30 days. Shoot induction and development was achieved by refreshing the induction medium once after 14 days. The most morphogenetically responsive explants were basal leaf explants from the first fully expanded true leafs of greenhouse-grown basil seedlings. Developing shoots were then rooted on MS media in the dark without TDZ. Within 20 days, rooted plantlets were transferred and acclimatized under greenhouse conditions where they developed normal morphological characteristics. This is the first report of a successful in vitro regeneration system for basil through primary callus. The establishment of a reliable regeneration procedure is critical when developing a transformation protocol for enhancing the production of basil for insect and disease resistance and improved essential oil constituents.

scholarly journals Development of an Efficient Plant Regeneration System for the Selenium-hyperaccumulator Astragalus racemosus and the Nonaccumulator Astragalus canadensis

HortScience ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 2138-2142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiu-Yueh Hung ◽  
Jiahua Xie
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Induction ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Significant Difference

A method of in vitro plant regeneration for both the selenium-hyperaccumulator Astragalus racemosus ‘Cream Milkvetch’ and the nonaccumulator Astragalus canadensis ‘Canadian Milkvetch’ was developed with two induction media, M1 and M2. The M1 and M2 contain Murashige and Skoog basal medium plus vitamins, 8.07 μm N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea, 2.5% (w·v−1) sucrose, 0.7% (w·v−1) agar (pH 5.7), and 0.89 μm or 3.12 μm a-naphthaleneacetic acid, respectively. In vitro cultures were initiated on these two types of media with three types of explants: cotyledons, hypocotyls, and roots. More than 93% of cultured explants from both species could form calli or calli with shoots. With regard to shoot formation, A. canadensis could produce multiple shoots from all types of explants more efficiently than A. racemosus. The highest shoot induction was approximately three shoots per explant in A. racemosus, whereas A. canadensis could reach ≈10 shoots per explant. M1 could induce more shoots than M2 no matter what type of explant was used, but the overall induction rates were no significant difference. Among the three types of explants used, the cotyledons were the best explants for shoot induction in A. canadensis, whereas hypocotyls were the best in A. racemosus. In A. racemosus, shoots could also be obtained from calli on the rooting medium containing Murashige and Skoog basal plus vitamins, 2.84 μm indole-3 acetic acid, 2.5% (w·v−1) sucrose, and 0.7% (w·v−1) agar (pH 5.7). Approximately 43% of A. canadensis shoots and 19% of A. racemosus shoots could be rooted on the rooting medium.

scholarly journals In vitro regeneration system in brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) for stress tolerant somaclone selection

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Ferdausi ◽  
UK Nath ◽  
BL Das ◽  
MS Alam
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Root Induction ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Regenerated Plantlets

Brinjal is the second most important vegetable crop after potato in Bangladesh in respect of total areas and third in production. It also plays a vital role in the national economy as a cash crop. An experiment was conducted with two cultivars of brinjal namely Jhumky and Islampuri to observe the callus induction ability of different explants-shoot tip, hypocotyl and midrib in MS basal media supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of growth regulators. The rate of callus induction from shoot tip, hypocotyl and midrib were 82.78%, 74.88% and 78.71%, respectively. Highest rate of callus induction was found in shoot tip. Variety Islampuri showed higher rate of callus induction (80.62%). Among the treatments 2mg/l NAA showed the best performance in callus proliferation. Cytokinin (0.5 mg/l BAP) showed highest percentage of shoot regeneration (57.13%). For root induction, MS basal medium was proved to be better treatment for average number (12-15) of roots. The survival rate of transferred regenerated plantlets after hardening was higher in Jhumky (80%). Regenerated plantlets from callus of both the varieties exhibited 4-9 times higher proline, 2-3 times lower vitamin C and 2-3 times higher iron (Fe) content compared to their seed derived seedlings. This experiment showed that it is possible to develop shoot and fruit borer tolerance brinjal genotypes through somatic embryogenesis that was selected based on biochemical markers within the very short period of time. These findings will be helpful for further selection of the selected variants in field condition in the next phase of the study. Keywords: Somaclonal variants; Biochemical markers; Brinjal DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i2.4731 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(2): 253-258, 2009

scholarly journals Comparative Organogenic Response of Six Clonal Apple Rootstock Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingrong Sun ◽  
Meijuan Sun ◽  
Hongyan Sun ◽  
Richard L. Bell ◽  
Linguang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Shoot Organogenesis ◽  
Leaf Explants ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Medium Composition ◽  
Apple Rootstock ◽  
Malus Prunifolia ◽  
Root Organogenesis ◽  
High Regeneration

The organogenesis potential is different among cultivars and must be optimized for individual genotype. Shoot organogenesis capacity from in vitro leaves and root organogenesis capacity of in vitro shoots in six clonal apple rootstock cultivars were compared. The shoot organogenesis capacity was highly genotype dependent. ‘GM256’ was found to be the most responsive genotype for shoot regeneration from leaf explants among the cultivars, showing high regeneration percentage on all tested media. The effects of basal medium composition and cytokinins on shoot regeneration were different depending on rootstock genotype. Optimum regeneration occurred on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium for ‘71-3-150’, and optimum regeneration occurred on Quoirin and Lepoivre (QL) basal medium for ‘60-160’ and ‘ПБ’. Thidiazuron (TDZ) was more effective than 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) for Malus prunifolia (Y), whereas TDZ and BA were not significantly different for the other cultivars. All rootstock cultivars showed high root organogenic capacity. The percentage of rooting reached more than 90% and the mean root number per plantlet ranged from three to five. The optimum rooting medium was different for different rootstock cultivars. Optimum root organogenesis occurred on half-strength QL medium for ‘GM256’ and ‘Y’, and for ‘ПБ’ and ‘JM7’ on one-quarter-strength MS medium.

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