scholarly journals Genetic Variability in Glucosinolates in Seed ofBrassica juncea: Interest in Mustard Condiment

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Othmane Merah
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Molecular Tools ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
High Level ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Agronomical Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Brassica junceais mostly used for oil production which implies selection of genotypes with low glucosinolates level and high oil content. In contrast, condiment production needs varieties with high level in some glucosinolates including sinigrin. The genetic variability was studied mostly by molecular tools. The objectives were almost the decrease of glucosinolates level in order to use the oilcake for animal feed. The aim of this work is to study the genetic variability for different glucosinolates and their relationships with agronomical traits within a large collection ofBrassica junceagenotypes for condiment uses. A collection of 190 genotypes from different origins was studied in Dijon (France). Oil content and total glucosinolates, and sinigrin and gluconapin levels were measured. Flowering and maturation durations, seed yield, and yield components were also measured. Large variability was observed between genotypes for the measured traits within the studied collection. Total glucosinolates varied twofold between extreme genotypes. Values of sinigrin content varied from 0 to more than 134 µmol·g−1. Correlations between glucosinolates traits and both phenological and agronomical characters are presented and discussed for their potential for industrial condiment uses.

scholarly journals Variabilidad genética y detección de error en filiación utilizando microsatélites en dos rebaños de alpacas Huacaya (Vicugna pacos)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Yalta ◽  
Giovanna Sotil ◽  
Eudosio Veli
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Variability Analysis ◽  
Str Markers ◽  
A Value ◽  
Vicugna Pacos ◽  
Allelic Variability ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
High Level ◽  
Pilot Center ◽  
Selection Of

Objetivo: Determinar la variabilidad genética  y evaluar la utilidad de microsatélites (STR) en la determinación de paternidad en alpacas blancas huacaya, pertenecientes al Centro Piloto de Mejoramiento Genético Munay Paqocha y el Fundo Itita, de la Sociedad Peruana de Criadores de Alpacas y Llamas (SPAR) Puno. Realizar la genotipificación y selección de marcadores STR útiles para la asignación de paternidad y parentesco. Metodología: Se evaluaron 10 marcadores STR a partir de ADN aislado de sangre y de folículos pilosos de 183 individuos colectados al azar procedentes de dos rebaños. Resultados y Conclusiones: Se observó un alto nivel de variabilidad alélica en el total de individuos analizados, y la presencia de alelos exclusivos entre poblaciones, con frecuencias menores al 1,5% en los loci LCA37, LCA90, LCA5, VOLP92, YWLL36, YWLL44 y YWLL08. Se propone la incorporación de tres marcadores adicionales, VOLP92, LCA94 y LCA90 para los análisis de variabilidad genética en alpacas. Los valores de FIS (0,016), y FST (0,003) reflejaron bajo niveles de endogamia. El rebaño del Fundo Itita presentó una mayor Ho (0,858) respecto a la He (0,848), mientras que por el contrario el rebaño del Centro Munay Paqocha presentó un menor valor de la Ho (0,815) respecto a la He (0,848), con una tendencia al déficit de heterocigotos. Los 10 marcadores presentaron una probabilidad de exclusión de parentesco adecuada, con un valor superior al 99,9%, cuando se conoce el genotipo de ambos padres, y un poder de discriminación mayor a 0,90. Además, se alcanzó un valor PEC de 0,999 considerando solo los marcadores YWLL08, YWLL44, LCA37, YWLL36, LCA8; siendo YWLL08 el de mayor valor (0,885). La prueba de filiación permitió detectar mayores errores de asignación de maternidad (13,04%) y paternidad (30,4%) en el rebaño del Fundo Itita, en comparación a Munay Paqocha con errores de designación de maternidad de 7,69% y de paternidad de 17,95%, concluyendo que este centro posee un mejor registro de empadres. ABSTRACT:Aim: To determine the genetic variability and the selection of STR markers useful for the evaluation of inbreeding, assignment of paternity and kinship, and the genotyping of two breeding herds of white huacayas alpacas Vicugna pacos, from the Pilot Center for Genetic Improvement Munay Paqocha and Fundo Itita, in Puno Perú. Methodology: 10 STR markers were assessed in 183 individuals, randomly selected. Results and Conclusions: We observed a high level of allelic variability in the total individuals, and unique alleles among populations with frequencies lower than 1.5% in loci LCA37, LCA90, LCA5, VOLP92, YWLL36, YWLL44 and YWLL08. We propose the addition of three markers, VOLP92, LCA94 and LCA90 for the genetic variability analysis in alpacas. FIS (0.016) and FST (0.003) values reflected low levels of inbreeding. Fundo Itita herd showed higher Ho (0.858) than He (0.848), while the herd of Munay Paqocha showed lower Ho (0.815) respect to He (0.848), with trending heterozygote deficit. The 10 markers showed an appropriate exclusion relationship probability, with a value greater than 99.9% when the genotype of both parents was known, and a power of discrimination greater than 0.9. In addition, a PEC value of 0.999 was reached considering only markers YWLL08, YWLL44, LCA37, YWLL36, LCA8; YWLL08 being the highest value (0.885). Filiation test detected major errors of maternity (13.04%) and paternity (30.4%) in the herd Fundo Itita. In Munay Paqocha with respect to errors designation maternity 7.69% and paternity of 17.95%, concluding that Munay Paqocha had a better record of matings.

scholarly journals Simultaneous changes in seed size, oil content and protein content driven by selection of SWEET homologues during soybean domestication

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1776-1786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoudong Wang ◽  
Shulin Liu ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
Kengo Yokosho ◽  
Bin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Elite Allele ◽  
Soybean Domestication ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Soybean accounts for more than half of the global production of oilseed and more than a quarter of the protein used globally for human food and animal feed. Soybean domestication involved parallel increases in seed size and oil content, and a concomitant decrease in protein content. However, science has not yet discovered whether these effects were due to selective pressure on a single gene or multiple genes. Here, re-sequencing data from >800 genotypes revealed a strong selection during soybean domestication on GmSWEET10a. The selection of GmSWEET10a conferred simultaneous increases in soybean-seed size and oil content as well as a reduction in the protein content. The result was validated using both near-isogenic lines carrying substitution of haplotype chromosomal segments and transgenic soybeans. Moreover, GmSWEET10b was found to be functionally redundant with its homologue GmSWEET10a and to be undergoing selection in current breeding, leading the the elite allele GmSWEET10b, a potential target for present-day soybean breeding. Both GmSWEET10a and GmSWEET10b were shown to transport sucrose and hexose, contributing to sugar allocation from seed coat to embryo, which consequently determines oil and protein contents and seed size in soybean. We conclude that past selection of optimal GmSWEET10a alleles drove the initial domestication of multiple soybean-seed traits and that targeted selection of the elite allele GmSWEET10b may further improve the yield and seed quality of modern soybean cultivars.

scholarly journals Genetic variability assessment in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in Algeria using microsatellites SSR markers

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
KARIMA KARA ◽  
MALIKA RACHED-KANOUNI ◽  
SAMAH MNASRI ◽  
Hichem Khammar ◽  
M’BAREK BEN NACEUR
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
High Level ◽  
Derived Data ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Kara K, Rached-Kanouni M, Mnasri S, Khammar H, Ben Naceur MB. 2020. Genetic variability assessment in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown in Algeria using microsatellites SSR markers. Biodiversitas 21: 2638-2644. The assessment of genetic diversity is a key step in evaluating the adaptation of populations to new environmental conditions, and thus in the selection of new cultivars. The present investigation aimed to assess genetic variability of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes grown in Algeria. The 17 hexaploid genotypes of bread wheat were assessed using 16 molecular microsatellites of SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat). Among the 16 microsatellite markers tested, only 11 markers were the most polymorphic and reproducible. The Polymorphism Information Content (PIC) values per locus varied from 0.14 to 0.70 with an average of 0.48 and 0.49. Genetic similarity between genotypes varied from 0.27 and 0.92 with an average of 0.60. The highest genetic distance value of 0.92 has been scored between Kauz/Pastor/Fiscal and Wbll1*2/Brambling. The lowest value of 0.27 has been scored between Cham6 and Pastor/Wbll1. Genetic similarity was calculated by molecular derived data and used to produce a dendrogram. The genotypes were grouped in two clear clusters according to their origin and pedigree. The first cluster included wheat genotypes Ain Abid (local genotypes), Attila/2 Pastor, and 5119 (introduced genotypes). The second group revealed high polymorphism and was subdivided into four sub-groups. This high level of diversity revealed among the accessions of wheat, grown in Algeria could be used in breeding programs.

scholarly journals Selection of alfalfa cultivars adapted for tropical environments with repeated measures using PROC MIXED of SAS® System

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. L. de Assis ◽  
A. C. Ruggieri ◽  
M. E. Z. Mercadante ◽  
G. M. F. de Camargo ◽  
J. M. Carneiro Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Tropical Environments ◽  
Best Linear Unbiased ◽  
Adequate Management ◽  
Selection Of

Although alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a leguminous herbage widely used in temperate regions as animal feed, there is not much research in tropical regions to develop cultivars adapted to these environmental conditions. The utilization of adapted cultivars with adequate management practices is important to improve productivity, quality and persistence of cultivated pastures. The objectives of this study were to verify the genetic variability among alfalfa cultivars and to rank them using mixed model methodology. A total of 35 alfalfa cultivars were evaluated in the rainy and dry seasons, from 1996 to 2000, in plots of 2.8 m2 in Sertãozinho, São Paulo, Brazil. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with three replications. Longitudinal data of dry matter yield were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS® System. Several covariance structures were tested and the spherical spatial structure was selected. The results show that the genetic variability was statistically significant only for the dry season. Moreover, the interaction among cultivars and harvests variance was highly significant for both seasons. The empirical best linear unbiased predictions of cultivar effects were obtained, allowing for the selection of the superior cultivars MH 15, 5715, SW 8210, Rio, High, 5888, Monarca, Victoria, Florida 77 and Falcon. Crioula, the most common cultivar in Brazil, showed low forage potential in Sertãozinho. Results indicate potential for use of more productive cultivars of alfalfa to produce animal feed in tropical environments.

SBA MCQs for the MRCS Part A

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sri G. Thrumurthy ◽  
Tania Samantha De Silva ◽  
Zia Moinuddin ◽  
Stuart Enoch
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Case ◽  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Surgical Anatomy ◽  
Surgical Patients ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
Basic Sciences ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Factual Recall ◽  
Selection Of

Specifically designed to help candidates revise for the MRCS exam, this book features 350 Single Best Answer multiple choice questions, covering the whole syllabus. Containing everything candidates need to pass the MRCS Part A SBA section of the exam, it focuses intensively on the application of basic sciences (applied surgical anatomy, physiology, and pathology) to the management of surgical patients. The high level of detail included within the questions and their explanations allows effective self-assessment of knowledge and quick identification of key areas requiring further attention. Varying approaches to Single Best Answer multiple choice questions are used, giving effective exam practice and guidance through revision and exam technique. This includes clinical case questions, 'positively-worded' questions, requiring selection of the most appropriate of relatively correct answers; 'two-step' or 'double-jump' questions, requiring several cognitive steps to arrive at the correct answer; as well as 'factual recall' questions, prompting basic recall of facts.

Assessment of genetic variability amongst cultivated populations of Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) detected by ISSR

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Karishma Kashyap ◽  
Rasika M. Bhagwat ◽  
Sofia Banu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Inter Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Issr Markers ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Brahmaputra Valley ◽  
Indian Food ◽  
Cultivated Populations ◽  
High Level

Abstract Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco) is a commercial mandarin variety grown in northeast India and one of the 175 Indian food items included in the global first food atlas. The cultivated plantations of Khasi mandarin grown prominently in the lower Brahmaputra valley of Assam, northeast India, have been genetically eroded. The lack in the efforts for conservation of genetic variability in this mandarin variety prompted diversity analysis of Khasi mandarin germplasm across the region. Thus, the study aimed to investigate genetic diversity and partitioning of the genetic variations within and among 92 populations of Khasi mandarin collected from 10 cultivated sites in Kamrup and Kamrup (M) districts of Assam, India, using Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers. The amplification of genomic DNA with 17 ISSR primers yielded 216 scorable DNA amplicons of which 177 (81.94%) were polymorphic. The average polymorphism information content was 0.39 per primer. The total genetic diversity (HT = 0.28 ± 0.03) was close to the diversity within the population (HS = 0.20 ± 0.01). A high mean coefficient of gene differentiation (GST = 0.29) reflected a high level of gene flow (Nm = 1.22), indicating high genetic differentiation among the populations. Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) showed 78% of intra-population differentiation, 21% among the population and 1% among the districts. The obtained results indicate the existence of a high level of genetic diversity in the cultivated Khasi mandarin populations, indicating the need for preservation of each existing population to revive the dying out orchards in northeast India.

scholarly journals Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Antibiotics or Antifungals against Microorganisms That Cause Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: A Planktonic and Biofilm Approach to Overcome Resistances

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 603
Author(s):  
Vanesa Pérez-Laguna ◽  
Isabel García-Luque ◽  
Sofía Ballesta ◽  
Antonio Rezusta ◽  
Yolanda Gilaberte
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
High Level ◽  
Selection Of

The present review covers combination approaches of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) plus antibiotics or antifungals to attack bacteria and fungi in vitro (both planktonic and biofilm forms) focused on those microorganisms that cause infections in skin and soft tissues. The combination can prevent failure in the fight against these microorganisms: antimicrobial drugs can increase the susceptibility of microorganisms to aPDT and prevent the possibility of regrowth of those that were not inactivated during the irradiation; meanwhile, aPDT is effective regardless of the resistance pattern of the strain and their use does not contribute to the selection of antimicrobial resistance. Additive or synergistic antimicrobial effects in vitro are evaluated and the best combinations are presented. The use of combined treatment of aPDT with antimicrobials could help overcome the difficulty of fighting high level of resistance microorganisms and, as it is a multi-target approach, it could make the selection of resistant microorganisms more difficult.

Variability Studies and Breeding for Increased Oil Content in Rapeseed and Mustard

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
A. N. Asthana ◽  
S. D. Dube ◽  
P. N. Tiwari ◽  
P. N. Gambhir ◽  
T. S. Rajan
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Juncea ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Oil Percentage ◽  
Maximum Increment ◽  
Nuclear Magnetic

SUMMARYOil content (percentage) was determined by pulsed nuclear magnetic spectrometry to study its variability in rai (Brassica juncea) and yellow sarson (B. campestris). Wide inter-varietal and intra-varietal variability was observed in both crops. Genetic aspects of oil content were also worked out, and single-plant and bulk selection methods used for 3 years to exploit the intra-varietal variability. A positive trend in the improvement of oil percentage was observed in 27 out of 30 varieties, some of which showed significant improvements over their respective unselected stocks. A maximum increment of 7% was observed in variety BR 40 of rai and 6% in variety YSM of yellow sarson.

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