Higher Body Mass Index Is Associated with Subjective Olfactory Dysfunction

Background. Morbidly obese patients demonstrate altered olfactory acuity. There has been no study directly assessing Body Mass Index (BMI) in patients with olfactory dysfunction. Our purpose was to compare BMI in a group of patients with subjective olfactory dysfunction to those without subjective olfactory complaints.Methods. Retrospective matched case-control study. Sixty patients who presented to a tertiary care otolaryngology center with subjective smell dysfunction over one year were identified. Neoplastic and obstructive etiologies were excluded. Demographics, BMI, and smoking status were reviewed. Sixty age, gender, and race matched control patients were selected for comparison. Chi-square testing was used.Results. 48 out of 60 patients (80%) in the olfactory dysfunction group fell into the overweight or obese categories, compared to 36 out of 60 patients (60%) in the control group. There was a statistically significant difference between the olfactory dysfunction and control groups for this stratified BMI(p= 0.0168). Conclusion. This study suggests high BMI is associated with olfactory dysfunction. Prospective clinical research should examine this further to determine if increasing BMI may be a risk factor in olfactory loss and to elucidate what role olfactory loss may play in diet and feeding habits of obese patients.

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Study on Psychiatric Evaluation of Morbidly Obese Patients

International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal ◽

10.9734/indj/2021/v16i230169 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 8-16

Author(s):

Asmaa Reda Elsayed Elshazly ◽

Mohammad Abdelhakeem Seleem ◽

Mohamed Hamdy Abo-Ryia ◽

Adel Abdel-Kareem Badawy

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Morbid Obesity ◽

Binge Eating ◽

Psychiatric Disorders ◽

Body Mass ◽

Eating Attitude ◽

Control Group ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Obese Patients

Background: Obesity is becoming an important issue for health promotion. The World Health Organization estimated that around 1.5 billion adults were overweight (body mass index (BMI) 25 kg/m2) and about 500 million people were obese (BMI 30 kg/m2) in 2008. The relationship between obesity and mental health is also considered important. In a community-based study, obesity was positively associated with several mental disorders, especially mood disorders and anxiety disorders. The aim of the study is the assessment of current and lifetime psychiatric disorders among morbidly obese patients. Methods: This case control study was conducted on 60 participants from outpatient clinic of GIT surgery unit and community. All participants were subjected to: Body weight and body mass index, Psychiatric interview for diagnosis of psychiatric disorders by Arabic version of MINI, Scale for diagnosis of Bulimia nervosa by Shokeer, Scale for diagnosis of Anorexia Nervosa by Shokeer, Binge Eating Disorder Screener-7, Eating attitude test, Hamilton Depressions Rating Scale and Hamilton anxiety scale. Results: There was a significant increase in anxiety in patients with morbid obesity compared to control group. There was a significant difference between both groups showing the high prevalence of depression in patients with morbid obesity. Based on EAT test, there was a significant prevalence of abnormal eating behaviors in patients group compared to none of control group. A screening test for the presence of Binge eating symptoms revealed significant increase of symptoms in patients’ group. Conclusions: Psychiatric disorders are prevalent in morbidly obese patients and are associated with significantly worse quality of life. In addition, morbidly obese patients had significantly worse physical and mental health relative to control group from general population. High rates of psychiatric disorders among morbidly obese patients seem to be the rule rather than an exception.

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Association between Body Mass Index and Migraine: A Survey of Adult Population in China

Behavioural Neurology ◽

10.1155/2018/6585734 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Qingqing Huang ◽

Xiping Liang ◽

Shiqiang Wang ◽

Xiaosong Mu

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Chronic Migraine ◽

Body Mass ◽

Adult Population ◽

Primary Headache ◽

Control Group ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Headache Onset ◽

Headache Patients

Both migraine and obesity are prevalent disorders in the general population, which are characterized by disability and impaired quality of life. Although so many researches had studied the association between migraine and obesity, there are still no full knowledge of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and migraine, especially chronic migraine (CM). In this study, we analyzed a previous epidemiological survey data of primary headache patients in Chongqing, which surveyed consecutive neurological outpatients through face-to-face interview with physicians using a headache questionnaire. 166 episodic migraine (EM) patients and 134 chronic migraine (CM) patients were included in the study out of 1327 primary headache patients. And 200 healthy adults from the physical examination center were included as a control group. Finally, we found that the patients with migraine (EM and CM) were more likely to be overweight, obese, or morbidly obese compared to those in the healthy group. Significant difference was found between BMI and frequency of migraine attacks but not severity or duration of headache onset. And no significant difference was found in severity and duration of headache onset between episodic and chronic migraine among different BMI classifications. Such may update our knowledge about the clinical features of migraine and BMI, revealing that the frequency of attacks may be associated with being overweight, obese, or morbidly obese in patients with migraine and that the extent of being overweight, obese, or morbidly obese in CM patients was lower than that in EM patients.

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Evaluation of the impact of body mass index on warfarin requirements in hospitalized patients

Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease ◽

10.1177/1753944718781295 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 207-216 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Katie B. Tellor ◽

Steffany N. Nguyen ◽

Amanda C. Bultas ◽

Anastasia L. Armbruster ◽

Nicholas A. Greenwald ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

International Normalized Ratio ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Weekly Dose ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Underweight Patients ◽

The Impact

Background: Despite well established empiric dose adjustments for drug and disease-state interactions, the impact of body mass index (BM) on warfarin remains unclear. The objective of this study is to evaluate warfarin requirements in hospitalized patients, stratified by BMI. Methods: This retrospective review included two cohorts of patients: cohort A (patients admitted with a therapeutic international normalized ratio (INR)) and cohort B (newly initiated on warfarin during hospitalization). Exclusion criteria included: age under 18 years, pregnancy, INR (goal 2.5–3.5), and warfarin thromboprophylaxis post orthopedic surgery. The primary outcome was mean total weekly dose (TWD) of warfarin based on weight classification: underweight (BMI <18 kg/m2), normal/overweight (BMI 18–29.9 kg/m2), obese (BMI 30–39.9 kg/m2), and morbidly obese (BMI ⩾ 40 kg/m2). Data were extracted from two community hospitals in reverse chronologic order during July 2015–June 2013 until both study institutions evaluated 100 patients per cohort in each BMI classification or until all patients had been evaluated within the prespecified timeframe. Results: A total of 585 patients were included in cohort A (26 underweight, 200 normal/overweight, 200 obese, 159 morbidly obese). There was a statistically significant difference in TWD as determined by one-way analysis of variance ( p < 0.05). A Tukey post hoc test revealed a statistically significantly higher TWD in morbidly obese (41.5 mg) compared with underweight (25.6 mg, p < 0.05), normal/overweight (28.8 mg, p < 0.05) and obese patients (32.4 mg, p < 0.05). In cohort B, 379 patients were evaluated (9 underweight, 166 normal/overweight, 152 obese, 52 morbidly obese). Overall, 191 patients had a therapeutic INR on discharge (88.9% underweight, 52.4% normal/overweight, 44.1% obese, 55.8% morbidly obese, p = 0.035). Of those, there was a statistically significant difference in TWD ( p = 0.021) with a higher TWD in the morbidly obese (41 mg) compared with underweight patients (24.4 mg, p = 0.017). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, morbidly obese patients may require higher TWD to obtain and maintain a therapeutic INR.

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The Influence of Body Mass Index in Obese and Morbidly Obese Patients on Complications and 30- and 90-day Readmissions Following Lumbar Spine Fusion

Spine ◽

10.1097/brs.0000000000003933 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Xiao T. Chen ◽

Shane Shahrestani ◽

Alexander M. Ballatori ◽

Andy Ton ◽

Zorica Buser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Lumbar Spine ◽

Body Mass ◽

Spine Fusion ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Lumbar Spine Fusion

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Appendicitis, Body Mass Index, and CT: Is CT More Valuable for Obese Patients than Thin Patients?

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/000313481107700425 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 471-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Courtney A. Coursey ◽

Rendon C. Nelson ◽

Ricardo D. Moreno ◽

Mayur B. Patel ◽

Craig A. Beam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Negative Appendectomy ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Procedure Code ◽

Preoperative Ct ◽

The Difference ◽

Underweight Patients

The purpose of our study is to determine whether body mass index (BMI = weight in kg/height in meters2) was related to the rate of negative appendectomy in patients who underwent preoperative CT. A surgical database search performed using the procedure code for appendectomy identified 925 patients at least 18 years of age who underwent urgent appendectomy between January 1998 and September 2007. BMI was computed for the 703 of these 925 patients for whom height and weight information was available. Patients were stratified based on body mass index (BMI 15-18.49 = underweight; 18.5-24.9 = normal weight; 25–29.9 = overweight; 30-39.9 = obese; > 40 = morbidly obese). Negative appendectomy rates were computed. Negative appendectomy rates for patients who did and did not undergo preoperative CT were 27 per cent and 50 per cent for underweight patients, 10 per cent and 15 per cent for normal weight patients, 12 per cent and 17 per cent for overweight patients, 7 per cent and 30 per cent for obese patients, and 10 per cent and 100 per cent for morbidly obese patients. The difference in negative appendectomy rates for overweight patients, obese patients, and morbidly obese patients who underwent preoperative CT as compared with patients in the same BMI category who did not undergo preoperative CT was statistically significant ( P ≤ 0.001). The negative appendectomy rates for overweight patients, obese patients, and morbidly obese patients who underwent preoperative CT were significantly lower than for patients in these same BMI categories who did not undergo preoperative CT.

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Children Exposed or Unexposed to Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Weight, Height, and Body Mass Index During the First 5 Years of Life—A Danish Nationwide Cohort

Clinical Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/cid/ciz605 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (10) ◽

pp. 2168-2177

Author(s):

Ellen Moseholm ◽

Marie Helleberg ◽

Håkon Sandholdt ◽

Terese L Katzenstein ◽

Merete Storgaard ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Well Being ◽

World Health ◽

Control Group ◽

Growth Chart ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Z Scores ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background Exposures to human immunodeficiency (HIV) and antiretroviral therapy in utero may have adverse effects on infant growth. Among children born in Denmark and aged 0–5 years, we aimed to compare anthropometric outcomes in HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) children with those in children not exposed to HIV. Methods In a nationwide register-based study we included all singleton HEU children born in Denmark in 2000–2016. HEU children were individually matched by child sex, parity, and maternal place of birth to 5 singleton controls born to mothers without HIV. Weight-for-age z (WAZ) scores, length-for-age z (LAZ) scores, and weight-for-length or body mass index–for–age z scores were generated according to the World Health Organization standards and the Fenton growth chart for premature infants. Differences in mean z scores were analyzed using linear mixed models, both univariate and adjusted for social and maternal factors. Results In total, 485 HEU children and 2495 HIV-unexposed controls were included. Compared with controls, HEU children were smaller at birth, with an adjusted difference in mean WAZ and LAZ scores of −0.29 (95% confidence interval [CI], −.46 to −.12) and −0.51 (95% CI, −.71 to −.31), respectively (both P ≤ .001). Over time, there was a trend toward increasing WAZ and LAZ scores in HEU children, and there was no significant difference in adjusted WAZ scores after age 14 days (−0.13 [95% CI, −.27 to .01]; P = .07) and LAZ scores after age 6 months (−0.15 [95% CI, −.32 to .02]; P = .08). Conclusion Compared with a matched control group, HEU children were smaller at birth, but this difference decreased with time and is not considered to have a negative effect on the health and well-being of HEU children during early childhood.

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Positive End-expiratory Pressure Improves Respiratory Function in Obese but not in Normal Subjects during Anesthesia and Paralysis

Anesthesiology ◽

10.1097/00000542-199911000-00011 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 91 (5) ◽

pp. 1221-1221 ◽

Cited By ~ 256

Author(s):

Paolo Pelosi ◽

Irene Ravagnan ◽

Gabriella Giurati ◽

Mauro Panigada ◽

Nicola Bottino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Chest Wall ◽

Body Mass ◽

Respiratory System ◽

Respiratory Function ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Intraabdominal Pressure ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Positive End Expiratory Pressure

Background Morbidly obese patients, during anesthesia and paralysis, experience more severe impairment of respiratory mechanics and gas exchange than normal subjects. The authors hypothesized that positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) induces different responses in normal subjects (n = 9; body mass index < 25 kg/m2) versus obese patients (n = 9; body mass index > 40 kg/m2). Methods The authors measured lung volumes (helium technique), the elastances of the respiratory system, lung, and chest wall, the pressure-volume curves (occlusion technique and esophageal balloon), and the intraabdominal pressure (intrabladder catheter) at PEEP 0 and 10 cm H2O in paralyzed, anesthetized postoperative patients in the intensive care unit or operating room after abdominal surgery. Results At PEEP 0 cm H2O, obese patients had lower lung volume (0.59 +/- 0.17 vs. 2.15 +/- 0.58 l [mean +/- SD], P < 0.01); higher elastances of the respiratory system (26.8 +/- 4.2 vs. 16.4 +/- 3.6 cm H2O/l, P < 0.01), lung (17.4 +/- 4.5 vs. 10.3 +/- 3.2 cm H2O/l, P < 0.01), and chest wall (9.4 +/- 3.0 vs. 6.1 +/- 1.4 cm H2O/l, P < 0.01); and higher intraabdominal pressure (18.8 +/-7.8 vs. 9.0 +/- 2.4 cm H2O, P < 0.01) than normal subjects. The arterial oxygen tension was significantly lower (110 +/- 30 vs. 218 +/- 47 mmHg, P < 0.01; inspired oxygen fraction = 50%), and the arterial carbon dioxide tension significantly higher (37.8 +/- 6.8 vs. 28.4 +/- 3.1, P < 0.01) in obese patients compared with normal subjects. Increasing PEEP to 10 cm H2O significantly reduced elastances of the respiratory system, lung, and chest wall in obese patients but not in normal subjects. The pressure-volume curves were shifted upward and to the left in obese patients but were unchanged in normal subjects. The oxygenation increased with PEEP in obese patients (from 110 +/-30 to 130 +/- 28 mmHg, P < 0.01) but was unchanged in normal subjects. The oxygenation changes were significantly correlated with alveolar recruitment (r = 0.81, P < 0.01). Conclusions During anesthesia and paralysis, PEEP improves respiratory function in morbidly obese patients but not in normal subjects.

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TRAUMATIC DISEASE PECULIARITIES COURSE, ITS DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT AT POLYTRAUMA IN SUFFER OBESE PATIENTS

Modern medical technologies ◽

10.34287/mmt.4(43).2019.9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 47-53

Author(s):

S.D. Khimich ◽

O. M. Chemerys

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Weight ◽

Body Mass ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

The Body ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Prognostic Features ◽

Normal Body ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Normal Body Weight

Abstract Introduction. It’s known that the issue of polytrauma is one of the most urgent problems of surgery, and among injured patients a special approach is required for patients with overweight and obesity of varying degrees. Purpose of the study. To study prognostic features of traumatic disease course and to improve the results of diagnostics and surgical treatment of patients with polytrauma suffer obesity. Materials and methods. Clinical material was made up of 106 patients with combined body trauma, which were divided into three groups according to body mass index. Results. The results of the research showed a significant difference in the course of traumatic disease in patients with normal body weight and obesity. In particular, in the process of diagnostics of blunt chest and abdominal trauma the frequency of application of interventional methods of diagnostics was directly proportional to the increase of body mass index. The course of traumatic disease in the obese patients had a number of characteristic features that formed the basis for the development of diagnostics and differential program of treatment. Conclusions. The results of the research showed that the course of traumatic disease in combined injury obese patients is directly proportional to the body mass index and has certain features that differentiate them from patients with normal body weight. Keywords: polytrauma, obesity, traumatic disease, diagnostics, treatment.

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The Effects of Cardiovascular Exercises on Body Mass Index and Vital Capacity among Students of Sargodha University

Global Social Sciences Review ◽

10.31703/gssr.2020(v-iii).38 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol V (III) ◽

pp. 358-364

Author(s):

Yassar Iqbal ◽

Zubia Savila ◽

Muhammad Badar Habib

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

University Students ◽

Body Mass ◽

Vital Capacity ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Cardiovascular Exercise ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Experimental Group

This research was designed to evaluate the effect of cardiovascular exercises on body mass index (BMI) and vital capacity (VC) among student aged between 21-27 years (M � SD 22.3� 3.05). The experimental research study was applied to 54 University students of Sargodha. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 24.0. P-value ? 0.05 was considered significant. The result showed that the average BMI of the control group and experimental groups was 20.73�3.02 vs 21.51�3.21. The effectiveness of cardiovascular exercise on Vital capacity on Pre and post-test of the experimental group was -56.91272 � 22.03192 with a pvalue of 0.000, which was showed there was a highly significant improvement in vital capacity of students and compare with the control group. It was concluded that body masses index and vital capacity is significantly improved in university students of the experimental group as a result of 10 weeks of the cardiovascular exercise training program. Conclude that there is a significant difference between the effects of cardiovascular exercise and daily routine sports activities on BMI.

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Prevalence and Predictors of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in Obese Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Department of Defense Experience

The American Surgeon ◽

10.1177/000313481408000624 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 80 (6) ◽

pp. 595-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jeffrey L. Reha ◽

Sukhyung Lee ◽

Luke J. Hofmann

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Mass ◽

Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽

Normal Liver ◽

Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽

Common Finding ◽

Systemic Hypertension ◽

Morbidly Obese ◽

Obese Patients ◽

Increased Risk

Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a silent liver disease that can lead to inflammation and subsequent scaring. If left untreated, cirrhosis may ensue. Morbidly obese patients are at an increased risk of NASH. We report the prevalence and predictors of NASH in patients undergoing morbid obesity surgery. A retrospective review was conducted on morbidly obese patients undergoing weight reduction surgery from September 2005 through December 2008. A liver biopsy was performed at the time of surgery. Patients who had a history of hepatitis infection or previous alcohol dependency were excluded. Prevalence of NASH was studied. Predictors of NASH among clinical and biochemical variables were analyzed using multivariate regression analysis. One hundred thirteen patients were analyzed (84% female; mean age, 42.6 ± 11.4 years; mean body mass index, 45.1 ± 5.7 kg/m2). Sixty-one patients had systemic hypertension (54%) and 35 patients had diabetes (31%). The prevalence of NASH in this study population was 35 per cent (40 of 113). An additional 59 patients (52%) had simple steatosis without NASH. Only 14 patients had normal liver histology. On multivariate analysis, only elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (greater than 41 IU/L) was the independent predictor for NASH (odds ratio, 5.85; confidence interval, 1.06 to 32.41). Patient age, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and abnormal alanine aminotransferase did not predict NASH. NASH is a common finding in obese population. Abnormal AST was the only predictive factor for NASH.

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