scholarly journals Applications of Nanostructured Carbon Materials in Constructions: The State of the Art

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Nan Lu ◽  
Ning Xie ◽  
Li-Chao Feng ◽  
Jing Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Nanostructured Materials ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Nanostructured Carbon ◽  
Graphene Oxides ◽  
Mechanical Reinforcement ◽  
Self Heating ◽  
Dispersion Condition

The most recent studies on the applications of nanostructured carbon materials, including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and graphene oxides, in constructions are presented. First, the preparation of nanostructured carbon/infrastructure material composites is summarized. This part is mainly focused on how the nanostructured carbon materials were mixed with cementitious or asphalt matrix to realize a good dispersion condition. Several methods, including high speed melting mixing, surface treatment, and aqueous solution with surfactants and sonication, were introduced. Second, the applications of the carbon nanostructured materials in constructions such as mechanical reinforcement, self-sensing detectors, self-heating element for deicing, and electromagnetic shielding component were systematically reviewed. This paper not only helps the readers understand the preparation process of the carbon nanostructured materials/infrastructure material composites but also sheds some light on the state-of-the-art applications of carbon nanostructured materials in constructions.

Accelerating Mobile-Cloud Computing

2015 ◽  
pp. 1933-1955
Author(s):  
Tolga Soyata ◽  
He Ba ◽  
Wendi Heinzelman ◽  
Minseok Kwon ◽  
Jiye Shi
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Mobile Devices ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Mobile Cloud Computing ◽  
Response Times ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Mobile Cloud ◽  
Computational Resources ◽  
Traditional Approaches

With the recent advances in cloud computing and the capabilities of mobile devices, the state-of-the-art of mobile computing is at an inflection point, where compute-intensive applications can now run on today's mobile devices with limited computational capabilities. This is achieved by using the communications capabilities of mobile devices to establish high-speed connections to vast computational resources located in the cloud. While the execution scheme based on this mobile-cloud collaboration opens the door to many applications that can tolerate response times on the order of seconds and minutes, it proves to be an inadequate platform for running applications demanding real-time response within a fraction of a second. In this chapter, the authors describe the state-of-the-art in mobile-cloud computing as well as the challenges faced by traditional approaches in terms of their latency and energy efficiency. They also introduce the use of cloudlets as an approach for extending the utility of mobile-cloud computing by providing compute and storage resources accessible at the edge of the network, both for end processing of applications as well as for managing the distribution of applications to other distributed compute resources.

scholarly journals Lossless Image Compression Techniques: A State-of-the-Art Survey

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Atiqur Rahman ◽  
Mohamed Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Image Compression ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Communication Theory ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
The State ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Lossless Image Compression ◽  
Art Techniques

Modern daily life activities result in a huge amount of data, which creates a big challenge for storing and communicating them. As an example, hospitals produce a huge amount of data on a daily basis, which makes a big challenge to store it in a limited storage or to communicate them through the restricted bandwidth over the Internet. Therefore, there is an increasing demand for more research in data compression and communication theory to deal with such challenges. Such research responds to the requirements of data transmission at high speed over networks. In this paper, we focus on deep analysis of the most common techniques in image compression. We present a detailed analysis of run-length, entropy and dictionary based lossless image compression algorithms with a common numeric example for a clear comparison. Following that, the state-of-the-art techniques are discussed based on some bench-marked images. Finally, we use standard metrics such as average code length (ACL), compression ratio (CR), pick signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), efficiency, encoding time (ET) and decoding time (DT) in order to measure the performance of the state-of-the-art techniques.

High-Speed and Area-Efficient Reconfigurable Multiplexer Bank for RAM-Based Finite State Machine Implementations

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (07) ◽  
pp. 1550101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raouf Senhadji-Navaro ◽  
Ignacio Garcia-Vargas
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Finite State Machine ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
State Machine ◽  
The State ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
State Machines ◽  
Finite State ◽  
Area Efficient

This work is focused on the problem of designing efficient reconfigurable multiplexer banks for RAM-based implementations of reconfigurable state machines. We propose a new architecture (called combination-based reconfigurable multiplexer bank, CRMUX) that use multiplexers simpler than that of the state-of-the-art architecture (called variation-based reconfigurable multiplexer bank, VRMUX). The performance (in terms of speed, area and reconfiguration cost) of both architectures is compared. Experimental results from MCNC finite state machine (FSM) benchmarks show that CRMUX is faster and more area-efficient than VRMUX. The reconfiguration cost of both multiplexer banks is studied using a behavioral model of a reconfigurable state machine. The results show that the reconfiguration cost of CRMUX is lower than that of VRMUX in most cases.

scholarly journals LDPC Decoder of High Speed Multi-Rate DVB-S2 Based on FPGA

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
TianJiao Xie ◽  
Bo Li ◽  
Mao Yang ◽  
Zhongjiang Yan
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ldpc Codes ◽  
The State ◽  
Elementary Transformation ◽  
Parity Check ◽  
Ldpc Decoder ◽  
Art Works ◽  
Decoder Architecture ◽  
Lower Triangular

A multi-rate LDPC decoder architecture for DVB-S2 codes based on FPGA is proposed. Through elementary transformation on the parity check matrices of DVB-S2 LDPC codes, a new matrix whose left is a QC sub-matrix and right is Transformation of Staircase lower triangular (TST) sub-matrix is obtained. The QC and TST are designed separately, therefore the successful experience of the most popular Quasi-Cyclic (QC) LDPC decoder architecture can be drawn on. While for TST sub-matrix, the variable nodes updating only need to be considered and the check nodes updating is realized compatibility with QC sub-matrix. Based on the proposed architectures, a multi-rate LDPC decoder implemented on Xilinx XC7VX485T FPGA can achieve the maximum decoding throughput of 2.5 Gbit/s at the 20 iterations when the operating frequency is 250 MHz, which demonstrates the highest throughput compared with the state-of-the-art works.

scholarly journals EmbedMask: Embedding Coupling for Instance Segmentation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Ying ◽  
Zhaojin Huang ◽  
Shu Liu ◽  
Tianjia Shao ◽  
Kun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Speed ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Object Proposal ◽  
Segmentation Methods ◽  
Instance Segmentation

Current instance segmentation methods can be categorized into segmentation-based methods and proposal-based methods. The former performs segmentation first and then does clustering, while the latter detects objects first and then predicts the mask for each object proposal. In this work, we propose a single-stage method, named EmbedMask, that unifies both methods by taking their advantages, so it can achieve good performance in instance segmentation and produce high-resolution masks in a high speed. EmbedMask introduces two newly defined embeddings for mask prediction, which are pixel embedding and proposal embedding. During training, we enforce the pixel embedding to be close to its coupled proposal embedding if they belong to the same instance. During inference, pixels are assigned to the mask of the proposal if their embeddings are similar. This mechanism brings several benefits. First, the pixel-level clustering enables EmbedMask to generate high-resolution masks and avoids the complicated two-stage mask prediction. Second, the existence of proposal embedding simplifies and strengthens the clustering procedure, so our method can achieve high speed and better performance than segmentation-based methods. Without any bell or whistle, EmbedMask outperforms the state-of-the-art instance segmentation method Mask R-CNN on the challenging COCO dataset, obtaining more detailed masks at a higher speed.

An Efficient High-Throughput Generic QAM Transmitter with Scalable Spiral FIR Filter

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 1950015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalina Percy Delicia Figuli ◽  
Jürgen Becker
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Forward Error Correction ◽  
Finite Impulse Response ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Fir Filter ◽  
The State ◽  
Maximum Throughput ◽  
Digital Implementation ◽  
Filter Length ◽  
Correction Technique

The need for efficient Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters in high-speed applications such as telecommunications targets Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) as an effective and flexible platform for digital implementation. Although FIR filter offers many advantages, its convolution nature poises a challenge in parallelization due to data dependency and computational complexity. To resolve this, we propose a novel FPGA-based reconfigurable filter architecture, which processes several data samples in parallel and breaks down data interdependency in a spiral fashion. Experimental results show a throughput of 7.2[Formula: see text]GSPS with an operating frequency of only 450[Formula: see text]MHz for a filter length of 11 with 16 parallel inputs. With parallelization of 4, it is 4.44 times faster than the state-of-the-art solution for a filter length of 16 and a promising 1.04[Formula: see text]GSPS throughput is achieved for a higher order of length 61. Incorporated into a generic Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) transmitter fitted with Forward Error Correction technique, a maximum throughput of 23[Formula: see text]Gb/s is achieved by the system for processing 16 input samples in parallel. In comparison to the state-of-the-art mixed domain approach, a threefold performance gain, while utilizing comparatively less Look-up Tables (LUTs), registers and DSP48 slices with an average gain factor of 43.3[Formula: see text], 4.7[Formula: see text] and 3.9[Formula: see text], respectively, is accomplished.

scholarly journals A fast and sensitive room-temperature graphene nanomechanical bolometer

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Blaikie ◽  
David Miller ◽  
Benjamín J. Alemán
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Powerful Means ◽  
Spectral Absorbance ◽  
Temperature Noise

Abstract Bolometers are a powerful means of detecting light. Emerging applications demand that bolometers work at room temperature, while maintaining high speed and sensitivity, properties which are inherently limited by the heat capacity of the detector. To this end, graphene has generated interest, because it has the lowest mass per unit area of any material, while also possessing extreme thermal stability and an unmatched spectral absorbance. Yet, due to its weakly temperature-dependent electrical resistivity, graphene has failed to challenge the state-of-the-art at room temperature. Here, in a departure from conventional bolometry, we use a graphene nanoelectromechanical system to detect light via resonant sensing. In our approach, absorbed light heats and thermally tensions a suspended graphene resonator, thereby shifting its resonant frequency. Using the resonant frequency as a readout for photodetection, we achieve a room-temperature noise-equivalent power (2 pW Hz−1/2) and bandwidth (from 10 kHz up to 1.3 MHz), challenging the state-of-the-art.

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