scholarly journals Effects of Screen Size on Biochemical Conversion of Big Bluestem Biomass for Biofuel Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxu Song ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Z. J. Pei ◽  
Donghai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Recovery Rate ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Biochemical Pathway ◽  
Screen Size ◽  
Biochemical Conversion

Biomass size reduction is the first step for biofuel production from cellulosic biomass through biochemical pathway, and it is usually performed on a mill with screen installed to control the size of the produced particles. The absence of in-depth knowledge about the effects of screen size throughout the biochemical conversion of cellulosic biomass makes it difficult to choose the screen size to conduct biomass size reduction to minimize the energy consumption on mills, maximize the cellulose recovery rate after pretreatment, and maximize the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency. The objective of this work is to address this issue by generating new knowledge on the effects of screen size in these three processes: size reduction, pretreatment, and enzymatic hydrolysis in conversion of big bluestem biomass for biofuel production. Four screen sizes used in this study were 1, 2, 4, and 8 mm. It was found that using a larger screen size saved energy in biomass size reduction on a knife mill. Moreover, particles produced with larger screen sizes achieved higher cellulose recovery rate after pretreatment, higher enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency, and higher total sugar yield.

Dilute Acid Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Woody Biomass for Biofuel Manufacturing: Effects of Particle Size on Sugar Conversion

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxu Song ◽  
Pengfei Zhang ◽  
Z. J. Pei
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Total Sugar ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Dilute Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Biomass Particle Size ◽  
Sugar Conversion

Biofuels derived from cellulosic biomass offer a promising alternative to petroleum-based liquid transportation fuels. Cellulosic biomass can be converted into biofuels through biochemical pathway. This pathway consists of two major conversions: sugar conversion and ethanol conversion. Sugar yield in sugar conversion is critical to the cost effectiveness of biofuel manufacturing, because it is approximately proportional to the ethanol biofuel yield. Cellulosic biomass sugar conversion consists of pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. Biomass particle size is an important factor affecting sugar yield. The literature contains many studies investigating the relationship between particle size and sugar yield. Many studies focused only on the sugar yield in enzymatic hydrolysis, and failed to take into account the biomass weight loss during pretreatment. This weight loss results in a loss of the amount of potential sugar (cellulose), which continues going into enzymatic hydrolysis. Without considering this loss, cellulosic biomass with a higher enzymatic hydrolysis sugar yield may end up with a lower total sugar yield through sugar conversion. The present study aims to address this issue by investigating the effects of biomass particle size using total sugar yield, a parameter considering both the biomass weight loss in pretreatment and the sugar yield in enzymatic hydrolysis.

Supercritical CO2 Pretreatment of Cellulosic Biomass for Biofuel Production: Effects of Biomass Particle Size

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Timothy Deines ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Ke Zhang ◽  
Donghai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biomass Particle Size

Biofuel derived from cellulosic biomass is a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based fuel. Pretreatment is an essential step in biofuel production because it accounts for more than 20% of the inputs. Furthermore, particle size reduction as a preprocessing step prior to pretreatment exerts a substantial impact on all following processes. Many studies have investigated the effects of biomass particle size on sugar yield after conventional pretreatments of biomass such as alkaline and dilute acid pretreatments. The similar trends have shown that smaller biomass particle size results in higher sugar yield. Supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) pretreatment has been applied at 1450 psi, 120 °C for 30 mins in this study as a pretreatment method for biofuel production from cellulosic biomass. As a recyclable green-chemistry method, SC-CO2 pretreatment offers many advantages such as no toxic chemicals added and low-cost input. The objective of this study is to understand the effects of particle size on sugar yield after SC-CO2 pretreatment. Three particle size: 1 mm, 2 mm, and 4 mm were used for size reduction of corn stover. Ethanol and water were used as co-solvents to enhance SC-CO2 pretreatment. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed and it is found that, after SC-CO2 pretreatment, the sugar yields differ significantly between 1 mm and 2 mm, 1 mm and 4 mm. In contrast, there is no significant difference between 2 mm and 4 mm after SC-CO2 pretreatment. 1 mm particle produced the highest sugar yield of 0.115 g glucose per 1 g of dry biomass which is 16.62% and 10.39% higher than the 4 mm and 2 mm corn stover biomass produced.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Investigation on the Effects of Biomass Particle Size in Cellulosic Biofuel Production

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Donghai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Big Bluestem ◽  
Biomass Particle Size

Biofuels derived from cellulosic biomass offer one of the best near- to midterm alternatives to petroleum-based liquid transportation fuels. Biofuel conversion is mainly done through a biochemical pathway in which size reduction, pelleting, pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation are main processes. Many studies reveal that biomass particle size dictates the energy consumption in the size reduction. Biomass particle size also influences sugar yield in enzymatic hydrolysis, and biofuel yield in fermentation is approximately proportional to the former enzymatic hydrolysis sugar yield. Most reported studies focus on the effects of biomass particle size on a specific process; as a result, in the current literature, there is no commonly accepted guidance to select the overall optimum particle size in order to minimize the energy consumption and maximize sugar yield. This study presents a comprehensive experimental investigation converting three types of biomass (big bluestem, wheat straw, and corn stover) into fermentable sugars and studies the effects of biomass particle size throughout the multistep bioconversion. Three particle sizes (4 mm, 2 mm, and 1 mm) were produced by knife milling and were pelletized with an ultrasonic pelleting system. Dilute acid method was applied to pretreat biomass before enzymatic hydrolysis. Results suggested 2 mm is the optimum particle size to minimize energy consumption in size reduction and pelleting and to maximize sugar yield among the three particle sizes for big bluestem and wheat straw biomass. Nevertheless, there is no significant difference in sugar yield for corn stover for the three particle sizes.

Ionic Liquid 1-Butyl-3-Methylimidazolium Chloride/FeCl3 Pretreatment of Sugarcane Residue for Second Generation Bioethanol Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 275-277 ◽  
pp. 1662-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Juan Juan Fei ◽  
Xu Ding Gu ◽  
Geng Sheng Ji ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Reducing Sugars ◽  
Enzymatic Saccharification ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Candida Shehatae ◽  
Second Generation Bioethanol ◽  
Temperature Pretreatment

This study aims to establish a natural cellulosic biomass pretreatment process using ionic liquid (IL) for efficient enzymatic hydrolysis and second generation bioethanol. The IL 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride/FeCl3 ([Bmim]Cl/FeCl3) was selected in view of its low temperature pretreatment ability and the potential of accelerating enzymatic hydrolysis, and it could be recyclable. The yield of reducing sugars from sugarcane residue pretreated with this IL at 80 oC for 1 h reached 46.8% after being enzymatically hydrolyzed for 24 h. Sugarcane residue regenerated were hydrolyzed more easily than that treated with water. The fermentability of the hydrolyzates, obtained after enzymatic saccharification of the regenerated sugarcane residue, was transformed into bioethanol using Candida shehatae. This microbe could absorb glucose and xylose efficiently, and the ethanol production was 0.38 g/g glucose within 30 h fermentation. In conclusion, the metal ionic liquid pretreatment in low temperature shows promise as pretreatment solvent for natural biomass.

scholarly journals Toward Biochemical Conversion of Lignocellulose On-Farm: Pretreatment and Hydrolysis of Corn Stover in Situ

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1033
Author(s):  
Alicia A. Modenbach ◽  
Sue E. Nokes ◽  
Michael D. Montross ◽  
Barbara L. Knutson
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
High Solids ◽  
Cellulose Conversion ◽  
Biochemical Conversion ◽  
High Solids Loading ◽  
Combined Pretreatment ◽  
Pretreatment Conditions ◽  
On Farm

Abstract. High-solids lignocellulosic pretreatment using NaOH followed by high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis was evaluated for an on-farm biochemical conversion process. Increasing the solids loadings for these processes has the potential for increasing glucose concentrations and downstream ethanol production; however, sequential processing at high-solids loading similar to an on-farm cellulose conversion system has not been studied. This research quantified the effects of high-solids pretreatment with NaOH and subsequent high-solids enzymatic hydrolysis on cellulose conversion. As expected, conversion efficiency was reduced; however, the highest glucose concentration (40.2 g L-1), and therefore the highest potential ethanol concentration, resulted from the high-solids combined pretreatment and hydrolysis. Increasing the enzyme dosage improved cellulose conversion from 9.6% to 36.8% when high-solids loadings were used in both unit operations; however, increasing NaOH loading and pretreatment time did not increase the conversion efficiency. The enzyme-to-substrate ratio had a larger impact on cellulose conversion than the NaOH pretreatment conditions studied, resulting in recommendations for an on-farm bioconversion system. Keywords: Corn stover, Enzymatic hydrolysis, Enzyme loading, High solids, Low solids, Sodium hydroxide.

scholarly journals Sequencing of Multiple Clostridial Genomes Related to Biomass Conversion and Biofuel Production

2010 ◽  
Vol 192 (24) ◽  
pp. 6494-6496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Hemme ◽  
Housna Mouttaki ◽  
Yong-Jin Lee ◽  
Gengxin Zhang ◽  
Lynne Goodwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
System Level ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Clostridium Species ◽  
Class V ◽  
Clostridial Species ◽  
Pentose Sugars

ABSTRACT Modern methods to develop microbe-based biomass conversion processes require a system-level understanding of the microbes involved. Clostridium species have long been recognized as ideal candidates for processes involving biomass conversion and production of various biofuels and other industrial products. To expand the knowledge base for clostridial species relevant to current biofuel production efforts, we have sequenced the genomes of 20 species spanning multiple genera. The majority of species sequenced fall within the class III cellulosome-encoding Clostridium and the class V saccharolytic Thermoanaerobacteraceae. Species were chosen based on representation in the experimental literature as model organisms, ability to degrade cellulosic biomass either by free enzymes or by cellulosomes, ability to rapidly ferment hexose and pentose sugars to ethanol, and ability to ferment synthesis gas to ethanol. The sequenced strains significantly increase the number of noncommensal/nonpathogenic clostridial species and provide a key foundation for future studies of biomass conversion, cellulosome composition, and clostridial systems biology.

Size Reduction of Cellulosic Biomass in Biofuel Manufacturing: Effects of Milling Orientation on Sugar Yield

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxu Song ◽  
P. F. Zhang ◽  
Q. Zhang ◽  
Z. J. Pei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Poplar Wood ◽  
Cellulosic Biofuels ◽  
First Time

Cellulosic biofuels can reduce greenhouse gas emissions and the nation’s dependence on foreign oil. In order to convert cellulosic biomass into biofuels, size reduction of biomass is a necessary step. Most related studies in the literature claimed that smaller particles produced higher sugar yields. However, some researchers reported that this claim was not always true. The literature does not have satisfactory explanations for the inconsistence. This paper presents an experimental study on size reduction of poplar wood using a metal cutting process (milling). The results provided one explanation for this inconsistence. It was found for the first time that milling orientation had a strong effect on poplar wood sugar yield. Although smaller poplar particles had a higher sugar yield when they were milled from the same orientation, this trend did not exist for particles milled from different orientations.

scholarly journals Michaelis-Menten Kinetic Parameters of Coconut Coir Enzymatic Hydrolysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akbarningrum Fatmawati ◽  
Rudy Agustriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Concentration Data ◽  
Maximum Reaction Rate ◽  
Initial Substrate ◽  
Coconut Coir ◽  
Menten Kinetic

The limitation of fossil oil reserves and environmental pollution has been current problems that need to be solved. Biofuels such as ethanol can be alternative energy source that can reduce demand on fossil fuel and environmental problem. Food wastes such as coconut coirs are abundant and contain carbohydrate which can be used as the substrate for biofuel production. Pretreatment and hydrolysis are important stages which have to be applied on such lignocellulose materials before fermentation process to produce biofuel. This article presents Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters for coconut coir enzymatic hydrolysis. Coconut coirs collected from several local markets in Surabaya were subjected to alkaline pretreatment using 11% sodium hydroxide solution at 121oC. Hydrolysis steps were carried out using commercial enzymes at various initial substrate concentrations. The hydrolysis conditions were at 50oC and pH 4.8. The concentrations of reducing sugar produced in the reactions were measured at certain time intervals. Initial rate of reactions of each reaction batch were then determined. Finally, kinetic parameters of Michaelis-Menten model for enzymatic reaction were determined by fitting the initial rate of reactions and initial substrate concentration data. From nonlinear fitting, the maximum reaction rate (Vm) is 4.9´104 1/h and the value of KM is 4,195 mg/L.

scholarly journals Microbial Beta Glucosidase Enzymes: Recent Advances in Biomass Conversation for Biofuels Application

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Srivastava ◽  
Rishabh Rathour ◽  
Sonam Jha ◽  
Karan Pandey ◽  
Manish Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Biomass Hydrolysis ◽  
Advanced Technique ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Beta Glucosidase ◽  
Made In

The biomass to biofuels production process is green, sustainable, and an advanced technique to resolve the current environmental issues generated from fossil fuels. The production of biofuels from biomass is an enzyme mediated process, wherein β-glucosidase (BGL) enzymes play a key role in biomass hydrolysis by producing monomeric sugars from cellulose-based oligosaccharides. However, the production and availability of these enzymes realize their major role to increase the overall production cost of biomass to biofuels production technology. Therefore, the present review is focused on evaluating the production and efficiency of β-glucosidase enzymes in the bioconversion of cellulosic biomass for biofuel production at an industrial scale, providing its mechanism and classification. The application of BGL enzymes in the biomass conversion process has been discussed along with the recent developments and existing issues. Moreover, the production and development of microbial BGL enzymes have been explained in detail, along with the recent advancements made in the field. Finally, current hurdles and future suggestions have been provided for the future developments. This review is likely to set a benchmark in the area of cost effective BGL enzyme production, specifically in the biorefinery area.

scholarly journals Influence of gas management on biochemical conversion of CO2 by microalgae for biofuel production

2020 ◽  
Vol 261 ◽  
pp. 114420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yimin Chen ◽  
Changan Xu ◽  
Seetharaman Vaidyanathan
Keyword(s):  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Biochemical Conversion
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